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Файл:The Information Resonance in Social System. Monograph
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CHAPTER 7. “VIRTUAL STRATA”: BIRTH IN INFORMATION 121
pleasures. Their self-identity comes to crisis. So chaotic growth
of "fast and easy money" provokes transition to domination of
virtual strata that strengthens chaos and instability.
In the conditions of instability traditional global actors agents of globalization also become more active. It is
mondiacratia. They leave a shade more and more. "Idealistsglobalists" openly address to the world community with
projects of joint actions against global challenges. "Radical"
globalists demand the creation of the world government again.
"Individual" globalists cancellation of restrictions for their
activity and unification of national legislations demand.
"Institutional" globalists – top-managers and the multinational
corporations – declare necessity of full submission of national
economies to global networks of the multinational corporation.
The stream of offers and requirements to recognize interests of
all mankind priority, to refuse the absolute of the sovereignty, to
recognize a universal paradigm of development and to refuse
following to national specificity, to create the world
government falls upon the national governments and elite.
It is necessary to recognize the occurrence of virtualization
agents and "glam-capitalists" – capitalists of "glamour
economy" – as a special case of virtual strata [11; 12]. In this
economy not real things but images more and more circulate in
the market. Economic process moves to a marketing
consultants, to advertising agencies and studios of mass media.
The part of the occupied in primary and secondary sectors of
economy decreases, the share of the occupied in service
industries grows. Thing simulation starts to dominate over
actually thing in advertising. There is a simulation of
innovations. There are virtual manufacturers as new type of
agents of the market. They make simulative economic practices
- design images. There is the virtual businessman creating all
new images - simulacrum. Representatives of such profession
as office designer, the expert in corporative image, the PRmanager enter into this virtual stratum. All of them participate
in escalating of the price of the goods faster, than their costs
created by other agents of real economy. Thereby they
PART II. SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS 122
participate in virtualization of economy, simulating and even
replacing manufacture of the goods, provoking permanent
inflation and forcing out strata of real economy from their
positions.
As a result the economic crisis also changes: now the rise in
prices is directly proportional to growth of the goods, rather the
reverse, as «virtual cost» is included in the price of the goods.
This strata provokes growth of trade by images. The
consequence of it is growth of speculation at a stock exchange.
So there is the stock exchange boom against the weak growth of
manufacture background. Money became not material substitute
of the goods, but the right for loan. It is possible to show an
image of solvency without money possessing. So there is a
community "virtually solvent", i.e. presence of money is
replaced with image of possible presence of money. This image
simulates and actualizes both private persons and persons of the
financial organizations, and players at stock exchanges. So
virtual strata arises. It provokes expansion of the monetary
weight which has been not provided with work. Also the bank
as business community becomes the representative this strata , it
becomes the simulator of solvency. Its bases are the rights of
loan, i.e. virtual money. Their domination is an approach of
domination of norms, values and senses new virtual strata.
Transformation of money as social relation in a simulacrum
leads to occurrence of new representatives of this virtual strata virtual payers, creditors, borrowers. Financial system as the
institute consisting of stable strata and norms, through chaos
and the instability provoked by a birth new strata, turn in
unstable, it is permanent unstable system where representatives
of virtual strata dominate.
The new virtual strata which have left a marginal zone
during an epoch of chaos of virtual economy are glam-
capitalists. They holders of the author's and allied rights to
inventions, business ideas, texts, music, own name and a body.
They began to supervise low-cost brands. The second layer are
supernew professionals - creative managers, projects-managers, designers, stylists, advisers. All of them differ from
CHAPTER 7. “VIRTUAL STRATA”: BIRTH IN INFORMATION 123
traditional bourgeoises that quickly grow rich and consider life
as a "project". Their style is an intensive superconsumption.
They spend efforts for creation of products for glamour
consumers. Among them are «creative class» and «bobos»
(bourgeois bohemians). The «creative class» is a third of
labour. They are artists, writers, musicians, scientific, actors,
engineers, designers, financiers, managers, lawyers, doctors.
They form glamour type of consumption of stars of show
business, speculators, top-managers through communications.
New underclass and social instability
Occurrence of new underclass - the typical representative of
virtual stratum - arouse special alarm in the Western societies
[13]. New underclass is the steady numerous community of
migrants in the countries of Europe and the USA. This virtual
stratum has been actualized by rupture in living conditions
between the North and the South. Comparison with a standard
of living in the north has generated experience of relative
deprivation, based on actual absolute deprivation. As a result
there was a meeting of cultures of two worlds in the Third
World countries. The attempt of the European democracies to
integrate immigrants in the Western society as ended with a
failure. There was a conflict of values. The main thing in
position of immigrants is the absence of their citizenship status.
It is special underclass – the «negatively privileged class of
proprietors», the class excluded from human rights guaranteed
by constitutions. But they are not excluded from special
economic activities: time employment in criminal and illegal
business. They have special social (ethnic solidarity) and
symbolical (unity of religion and traditions) capitals. Virtual
stratum is made up of these social the practices introduced from
the outside. This stratum does not aspire to social integration. It
reproduces the social capital and submits to its logic: expansion
of two kinds of the capital to host countries. These virtual
strata are in potential and actual confrontations with the
western societies, are interested in maintenance of the
PART II. SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS 124
domination. They activate political and daily violence. There
is an escalation of radical moods, irrationalization social an
practices. There is the lowest level of trust to institutes and
legitimate forms of social life and the raised level of trust to
illegitimate forms in this strata. These virtual strata are most
dangerous to the Western societies and Russia now as the
long-term factor of their destabilization. For the first time
there is a social force in the Western society hostile to its
foundations which has arisen not in bowels of the Western
culture, but out of its limits and its occurrence is provoked by
the most western civilization.
Thus in the conditions of last world crisis old and new
players as agents of social instability have especially brightly
declared themselves. Network financial speculators are the
veterans of destabilization of the financial market and provokers
of instability of industrial and trading streams of the capital.
Players of virtual economy are rather new, but the scale of
virtualization of economic processes and institutes have reached
the unprecedented sizes today. Global political and economic
elites act again in a role of the initiator creation of the world
government. But there are also new players in the field of crisis.
First of all, agents of the "glam-capitalism", new consumers and
makers of the goods and services of a new type - provocatively
glamourous, leading brands excessively as short-term symbol of
infinite change of something unstable. Special concern cause
new underclass - representatives of massive migration in
Europe, the USA and Russia, bringing instability in well
adjusted social life. Social institutes - the market, firm, the state,
parties, university, a science - more and more become a part of
virtual space. They become images, simulations of the valid
institutes. Their norms are images-simulacrum.
Thus information growth finally generates agents of
instability, chaos and risk, i.e. forms the special program of
social interactions in which basis virtual practices lie. They
unstable, are not planned, have likelihood character. So there is
a social space for which liquidity (“liquid” - Z.Bauman) and
ephemerality is typical.
Chapter 8. Resonance processes
in Internet communications –
a source of parallel social space
he end of the 20
T
by the rapid progress of informatization processes,
computerization and virtualization of social relations. New
technologies increase the speed of external communication, as
well as the volume of the transmitted information. Distance in
social space, on the one hand (with the positions of the subjects
of the communication), infinitely reduced, while the boundaries
of the social space, on the other (in terms of saturation),
infinitely increase. As a result of increased speed and volume of
social interactions and opens the possibility and the need to
communicate with any and every here and now in real time, i.e.
"online".
Today, for many people, the Internet becomes the primary
means of searching, posting and exchanging a variety of
information resources, communication and dating, developing
useful links etc. This encourages the study of the Internet as a
special part of social space in all the variety of filling its
practices. The need to explore the Internet as a particular social
space due to the involvement of an increasing number of people
not just in new ways of external communication, but also in
new forms of social life by means of a global network, the
emergence of new, not previously imaginable types of practices,
new standards, formation of special values. All this changes the
rhythm and content of everyday life, forcing people to live
simultaneously in two social worlds-online and offline spaces.
th
– early 21st Century is characterized
PART II. SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS 126
Problem: in the field of view of researchers prevails
analysis of changing modes of communication associated with
the advent of the Internet. Dominates their interpretation as a
augmented means of communication in the offline environment
and fundamentally nothing has changed in the mechanisms of
social type system reproduction and characteristics of social
interactions on the Internet.
The hypothesis: I assume that with the development of a
global information network, the Internet has emerged a new
kind of social space, such a source is outside the Internet, but
modificated and a result of mutation mechanism of
reproduction of social action and the formation of new basic
social forms - multitudes and communities.
Starting analysis will make the assumption that the
information explosion, sharply increasing the intensity and
volume of the flow of information in the Internet, caused the
resonance effect, which resulted in: 1) increase the intensity of
interactions, 2) new species of snowballing social practices,
3) emergence of previously unknown forms of organization of
social life-a new kind of community, and most importantly,
4) changed the mechanism of social communities and their
development.
In theoretical sociology, the notion of "social space" is used
to supplement the categorical apparatus of general sociology:
social action and interaction, social structure, social
stratification, social system. All of these notions are used to
characterize the social space. Thus sociology social space
includes their modeling to determine the parameters of your
object. The use of the notion of social space in sociology is
necessary theoretical modelling of society as a whole. The
notion of social space can be used for the implementation of a
holistic approach to the development of the theoretical picture
of society comprising a substrate, structural, functional and
system approaches. The notion “social space” as science
category, can be specified as follows: firstly, we define the
social space as a set of social objects-technology, individuals,
CHAPTER 8. RESONANCE PROCESSES IN INTERNET 127
communities, constituting through the "intersectionality" of
integrity, interdependence and determinacy parts of activities of
individuals. Social space is individuals operating in a social
environment. The social environment is a set of substantive and
symbolic artifacts can be included in the activity of individuals.
The artifacts are conditions and foundations (premise) of
activity. The function of the category of "social space" is in
addition to the application of a functional and systemic
approaches in modelling “the society as a whole "("social
life "). Thus realized unity substrate and functional aspects
analysis.
Further analyze the global network Internet, identify its
characteristics and specifics of how particular social space that
appeared as a result of the transformation of the modern world.
The content of the Internet space
and its specificity
Any newly arising out of space based on the creation of a
new set of rules, and the emergence of these norms shall be
preceded by the unification of interacting individuals in the
community. The Internet space is one of the newest types of
spaces, which formed their own community and cultural
patterns. Internet space includes two environments:
1) techno-technological Internet environment;
2) social environment (roles, social multitude, communities,
etc.)
One of the most important areas of research is social space
analysis based on modern technologies of communication
practices that ensure all production of global network
communications. Studies on the formation of social practices
based on information and communication technologies (ICT),
based on two approaches [1]:
1) ICT is a form of improving and expanding the
functionality of existing economic, social, communicative
practices;
PART II. SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS 128
2) ICT is fundamentally new forms of communication, the
source of the new communicative practices and specific life
styles. We follow the second approach, because in the Internet
space, new norms, practices, communities, and all of this affects
the everyday lives of people giving it a distinctive style.
In a variety of forms of communication of the information
society, a special place belongs to network computer
communications. Researchers are studying the role of computer
technology in social, cultural and economic processes, believe
that major changes in lifestyle and patterns of human activities
begin with the merger of computer, telecommunication and
information technologies. New communication technology has
become not just a tool, but also the basis of communicative
practices; message transmission technique adapting to its
content, and the content, language, communication and
psychological characteristics are evident and are organised
around emerging technologies. Such technologies have led to
increased communication field as well as to the emergence of a
new space of social interactions [2].
With the development of the Internet began an intensive
global exchange of information flows. The Internet is
increasingly equated with a system of practices, rather than
technology. The motif of communication on the Internet
becomes accumulation in various network communication
environments, a special type of capital-status. With the advent
of Internet technology (WWW, Sites) formed a special culture,
including as a huge information archive and special
values, communicative roles and behaviors [3]. Participation
in various forms of network communication leads to
self-organization around form data communications special
"virtual" communities. Technical basis for such forms of
communication become various kinds of software determinate
features of social interaction: newsgroups, chat rooms, forums,
blogs and social networks. The following forms of Internet
communication [4].
Teleconference (discussion clubs, newsletters and
bulletin boards) – database to store the e-mail messages on a
CHAPTER 8. RESONANCE PROCESSES IN INTERNET 129
dedicated server and giving the opportunity for those wishing to
participate in this conference: send their own messages to or
receive messages from other members, as well as post your own
files in a teleconference.
Chat - communication organization) for the sake of the
process of communication. Chat is a public engagement with
the aim of exploring, lung, non-binding communication,
maintaining social contacts, etc.
ICQ – common form of chat for a limited number of
participants. The main feature is that each participant can
communicate simultaneously with several interlocutors who do
not see each other.
The Forum is used to illuminate a specific problematic
field, within which the individual "threads" - discussion of
special problems.
Blogs - virtual diaries maintained daily. A blog allows
you to combine a number of properties of the teleconference,
Forum, chat. There are four types of blogs [5]: lifestyle blog,
business blogging, social blogs, professional blogging.
Community is organizing a thematic Forum on the basis
of technology blog.
Social networking is a special form of network
communications, the new face of communicative opportunities
network space.
Internet space, being formed on the basis of technical
means, creates a special social environment (subculture,
networking community). Such communities include:
gamers – ardent supporters of computer games. It's the
players in computer games;
hackers – movement, with a view to demonopolize
software distribution and democratization of access to Internet
resources;
bloggers - individuals leading your blog - a personal page
where you share interesting links, photos, literary works and
other things;
PART II. SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS 130
imidjord – a variation of a Web Forum with the ability to
attach to messages, the image files;
anonimusy – Internet users placing information on a
network without specifying a reliable data to identify
themselves;
the chaots – complicated subculture with elements of
worship.
On the Internet there are certain norms, etiquette, traditions
that must be respected by users. Ethical rules govern the
behavior of people in everyday life by the laws of society and
established traditions. Legal norms of behavior people have
legal basis and are regulated by State laws. Ethical and legal
standards complement each other - this allows you to more
effectively regulate human relationships. The Internet is not
always possible to apply the legal laws. Online as well as
offline prohibited illegal and unethical actions, dissemination of
materials associated with them. Any violator can be computed
by IP address, for this you need to contact your ISP. Access to
classified information be immediately recorded automatic
protection. Posted in Internet, in electronic form, literary works,
articles, music, photos, etc., are subject to copyright. Without
the consent of the author is forbidden to use his artwork:
display, reproduce, distribute, sell, recycle.
Structure, functions and formation mechanism
of Internet social space
Social is something that occurs in the process of human
interaction. The type of equipment and technologies ultimately
determines the type of social system. In the Internet space social
occurs on special technical and technological basis. Technology
of communication determines the structure and functions of the
Internet environment, based on these new activities. And the
creators of the programs and users are deterministic functions
needed to use electronic devices. Raises the causal dependency:
communications generate function, they in turn offer the
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