team should one member of a team test positive while asymp­tomatic. Similarly, in order to protect healthcare workers, once vaccinations are available, all healthcare workers should be immunized unless medically contraindicated.

In addition to the aforementioned changes, contamination needs to be minimized by establishing zones within the trauma bay. There should be three zones clearly marked out on the oor with colored tape: hot, warm, and cold zones. Each zone corresponds to the degree of contamination within that zone, with hot being on the patient’s side where it is most contaminated (Fig.60.1). In the warm zone, things are still considered potentially contaminated, but on a lower scale relative to the hot zone. This is where dofng of PPE would occur and where “transfer stations” would be sta­tioned. “Transfer stations” are where supplies from the cold zone are placed for pick up by personnel in the hot zone. Lastly, the cold zone is considered clean and where donning of PPE would occur. All unnecessary equipment and sup­plies should be removed from the hot zone and placed in the cold zone. Any necessary equipment such as ultrasounds for FAST exams should be covered with a plastic bag similar to the probe covers used during sterile procedures to allow for easier cleaning and decreased contamination. Lead or plexi­glass barriers should also be kept in the hot zone for use dur­ing X-rays. Equipment bundles for common procedures (chest tubes, thoracotomies, etc.) can be created and passed into the hot zone when required (Table60.3). The trauma team in the hot zone should include only those who are actively working on the patient. If feasible, the trauma team leader can remain in the cold zone to direct the team to fur­ther conserve PPE and minimize exposure. Basic PPE should