then enacted by a team of healthcare professionals using patient simulation. This event is then followed by extensive debrieng sessions within a full-scale mock-up environment in the planned hybrid footprint. Evaluations should include workow, team integration, and identied barriers to optimal inter-professional care during resuscitations/procedures. The simulations also allow various clinical teams to “test drive” the space early in the room design process so that changes are still possible prior to the nal build, recognizing that once constructed, the lifespan of healthcare spaces is typi­cally decades. Concepts of high importance include evaluat­ing the physical space, equipment access, staff workow efciencies, patient monitoring, and team interactions. Attention to the realities of physical congestion and “bump­ing” between clinicians is also mandatory. For example, in the design of our own hybrid theater, these congestion points were physically located in the nursing areas at the bottom and side of the OR table (Fig.25.1). The planned location of the supply cabinets forced nurses to walk back and forth repeatedly around the sterile surgical supplies. Furthermore, the charting table at the foot of the bed created a pinch point. These challenges were corrected and modied in the nal design and construction. It must also be stated that repeated simulation in potentially new environments, which may be inherently stressful and acute, provides opportunities for evaluation of targeted communications issues, default room conguration prior to patient arrival, role clarity, environ­mental factors, adopting the use of new and expanded roles, and further evaluation of patient and clinician safety risks.