Основы теории и практики научно-технического перевода и научного общения. Учебное пособие
.pdf2.The inflation rate was not high enough to start paying compensations to workers.
3.To ensure a steady economic growth, all the macroeconomic parameters must be involved.
4.My friend was glad to have been given such an interesting assignment.
5.She hoped to be sent to study abroad.
6.The data to be used have been carefully analyzed.
7.To understand Russian culture is impossible without the names of Bulgakov, Platonov and Pasternak.
8.To do it accurately was the main problem.
9.To tell him the truth at the moment meant nearly to kill him.
10.Our plan was to begin the experimental part of the research by the end of the month.
2.Give Russian equivalents of the sentences.
1.To make a choice between these two alternatives is not an
easy task. 2. At this stage a new theory was advanced to produce a revolutionary change in our understanding of the process. 3. They admit to have been informed of this possibility before the experiment. 4. The assumption is reasonable enough to be valid. 5. Another factor to be taken into account is the power of modern experimental techniques.
3. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Мне трудно об этом спорить. 2. Им важно подкрепить теорию дополнительными экспериментальными данными. 3. Физикам важно поддерживать контакт с биологами. 4. Ребенку необходимо учиться. 5. Нам часто трудно угадать, каким будет будущее. 6. Естественно, что на такой анализ затрачивается около года. 7. Необходимо, чтобы реакция была ускорена. 8. Чтобы две молекулы вступили в реакцию, они должны столкнуться.
Инфинитивные обороты
1. Translate the sentences with Infinitive Constructions into Russian.
I. A.1.We expect these phenomena to have been investigated.
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2.Everybody considers her to be a great organizer.
3.We found that effect to have been unknown.
4.They thought the information to have been published
recently.
5.Knowing him to be good at psychology, I asked him to explain this rule.
6.The scientist expected his assistants to obtain some new data.
7.She meant him to do it.
8.They heard him deny it.
9.They announced it to be law.
10.The major Powers expect the talks to take place at the end of the next month.
B. 1. One can expect the scope of research to expand steadily 2. Most people believe the amount of effort in science to be somehow correlated with the standard of living in the country. 3. Nowadays we see many new areas of research come into being as a result" of unexpected breakthroughs. 4. One can watch more and more people move into biology from other areas of research.
II. A.1. Computers are likely (are certain) to be used in the study of UFO.
2.The system seems to be functioning well.
3.Mankind is sure to have entered the age of automation.
4.Machine languages are known to be low-level languages.
5.She appears to make progress in languages.
6.He is known to study ancient architecture.
7.It seems to be an exception to the rule.
8.The new method of investigation is believed to have produced good results.
9.Computers are thought to be divided into two groups according to the jobs they perform.
10.The result is expected to agree with theoretical predic-
tions.
В. 1. Science is known to affect the lives of people. 2. Molecular biology is expected to dominate other sciences. 3. The results of these experiments are found to overlap. 4. The data are assumed to
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correlate with the present theory. 5. Some people seem to be disappointed in science. 6. He happens to work at the same problem. 7. The work is likely to contribute to the solution of the problem. 8. He is sure to argue about it.
III. A. 1. I am anxious for her to pass her exam.
2.He stepped aside for me to pass.
3.The text is too difficult for the students to translate.
4.It was unusual for him to go out in the afternoon.
5.I waited for him to go on.
6.The table was small enough for the conversation to be general.
7.The most important thing for us is to start early.
8.He asked for the papers to be brought.
9.She did not say anything, but made way for us to pass.
10.He was so occupied in his research work that it made difficult for him to be away from home for several weeks at a time.
B. 1. This decision reflects a desire to make it as easy as possible for members of the association and other guests to attend the congress. 2. For such a large research center as this to become heavily involved in a single project in a fashionable field would be more than just a wrong practice, it would be a disaster. 3. The tendency for pure mathematicians to alienate mathematical research from anything that might be somehow associated with the idea of «utilization» is only too obvious. 4. For any scientific gathering to be a success, the organizing committee must be firm on more than one point. 5. There was a prevalent feeling at that time that for the laboratory to revive its past glory no efforts were intensive enough.
2. Render in English.
1. Это по всей вероятности оказывает влияние на все дальнейшие события. 2. Результаты оказались в хорошем соответствии с теорией. 3. Решение этой проблемы, как известно, зависит от многих факторов. 4. Ожидается, что работа будет закончена в этом месяце.
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3.A. Learn to distinguish between indefinite and perfect infinitives. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1.He is said to have graduated from Oxford University. He is said to avoid all sorts of arguments. 2. They seem to have taken advantage of the favorable conditions. He seems to mention the problem in the last chapter of his book. 3. He appeared to have lost interest in physics altogether. The story may appear to be oversimplified. 4. He is known to have established a school of his own. This scientist is known to be keeping in touch with the latest developments in his field of research.
B. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1.He does not appear to be concerned with the problem. 2. He
was not expected to spoil the sample. 3. The human body is not likely to tolerate such temperature. 4. He is not believed to represent the majority. 5. The idea does not seem to be remarkably advanced. 6. The discussion is not claimed to cover the whole range of present day research.
4. Give Russian equivalents of the sentences.
1. For scientific development to be of benefit for man, scientists must occupy themselves with problems that have direct bearing on our lives. 2. Molecular biologists are known to borrow their techniques from other sciences, mainly from physics. 3. How the application of his discovery will affect man is sometimes rather hard for the scientist to foresee. 4. The author devoted a special chapter of his book to what may be expected to dominate the science scene in the near future. 5. The method of inductive reasoning known to be established by Bacon leads from observation to general laws. 6. His idea was fruitful enough for others to take it up and develop it further. 7. For an original idea to be a product of one man's genius is quite natural. But for an idea to be transformed into a product, many people's effort is required. 8. Some people say that biology rather than physics is likely to be the central ground of the scientific advance during the remainder of our century. 9. There appear no reasons for anybody to object to this style of research.
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5. Translate the following into English.
1. Большинство ученых ожидает, что в ближайшие годы молекулярная биология сделает новые успехи. 2. Мы не смогли заставить его согласиться на изменение условий эксперимента. 3. Ваш руководитель хочет, чтобы вы сосредоточили свое внимание на одной задаче. 4. Я не ожидаю, что он извлечет из этого урок. 5. Он всегда берется первым за такие проблемы. 6. Жела-
тельно, чтобы эти изменения были проверены до начала новой серии опытов.
Причастие
1. Read the text and tell which forms of the Participle are used there.
People living in Japan have some customs different from ours. For example, we wipe our washed faces with dry towels, they wipe their faces with wet towels. Entering houses our men take off their hats, the Japanese take off their shoes. We give presents when arriving, they leave them when departing. When in mourning (траур) we wear black, they wear white. We frown (хмуриться) when being scolded (бранить), they smile.
When we say that Japanese are strange people, they could reply, “The same to you.”
2.Analyze the sentences and translate them into Russian.
1.People beginning to study languages often say that it is diffi-
cult to memorize words.
2.If frozen, water becomes ice.
3.The method used depended on the material selected.
4.Being shown this manuscript, he said that it belonged to the fifth century of our era.
5.Having been written, the translation was given to the teacher.
6.When read, this novel will be returned to the library.
7.Having solved the main problem, the scientist made a report on his research.
8.Having been written, the letter was posted.
9.Her spirit, though crushed, was not broken.
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10.They were, indeed, old friends, having been at school together.
11.The method applied increased the accuracy of the results.
12.After a heated discussion the laboratory applied the method improved by Dr. N.
13.The scientist theoretically predicted complicated interaction between the components involved in the process.
14.At that time the problem presented increased danger of radioactive contamination and encountered opposition at most laboratories concerned.
15.The hypothesis concerned synthesized materials and did not apply to natural products.
3.Give Russian equivalents of the sentences.
A. 1. The plants affected by the cold produced low crops. 2. The Conference attended by scientists from different countries discussed new trends and methods in this field of research. 3. One of the rights enjoyed by University scientists is that of combining research with teaching. 4. The discovery followed by further experimental work stimulated research in this area.
B. 1. Mathematics, mechanics, statics and geometrical optics referred to as classical disciplines started mathematical traditions in the history of natural science. 2. The heads of the laboratories were asked questions formulated and agreed upon by a group of sociologists. 3. The scientist's eloquence substituted for logical argumentation in defending an «extreme» viewpoint failed to win the audience over. 4. The mixture allowed to stay overnight gradually decomposed. 5. The physicists showed that particles thought of as„ elementary" were in fact non-elementary". 6. The subjects dealt with under this topic aroused a heated discussion.
C. 1. Establishing relationship between the phenomena of the Universe is a major task of theory. 2. Having reported of his disco very of rays of unknown nature Bequerel excited the curiosity of Marie Curie. 3. Realizing the necessity for a different approach the physicists reluctantly abandoned the project. 4. Confining his attention to one problem the scientist will surely achieve its solution much sooner. 5. Putting the discovery to use sometimes requires more effort than
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making it. 6. Pointing out their mistakes to some people is often quite difficult.
4.Translate the sentences with Participles and Absolute Participle Construction into Russian.
1.The professor told the students about the experiments being carried out in the laboratory.
2.Having looked through all the documents and letters received that day he called his secretary.
3.When studying market economy we have to understand that enterprise is the very heart of private property and market relationships.
4.The sun having risen, they continued their way.
5.The talks between the two countries were conducted behind the closed doors, measures having been taken that no correspondent should receive any information.
6.The figures mentioned in the report were published in the latest scientific journal.
7.Having been advised by the doctor to go to the South, she decided to spend her leave in Sochi.
8.One of the most noticeable features of air transport development is the big increase in the quantities of goods carried.
9.Driving a car at night he met with an accident.
10.Having been taught by a good teacher he knew German well.
11.When studying elements Mendeleyev found that they could be divided into nine groups.
12.Being built in a new way modern houses have better facilities.
13.It is a common observation that bodies expand when heated.
14.The part played by the small business is hard to overestimate.
15.I haven’t heard any of those factors mentioned.
16.Adam Smith’s works followed by those of Karl Marx and John Maynard Keynes constitute different approaches known in the economic thought.
17.As pointed out previously, the explanation given is by no means complete.
18.The exchange rate being fixed, the population has all reasons to keep their savings in the local currency.
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19.The telephone being out of order, I had to go out to make
a call.
20.The job done, I was able to take a week's holiday.
21.The delegates came from ten countries, with Great Britain being represented by Professor Arthur Clark.
22.The room being dark, she didn't see anyone at first.
23.The urban population increasing, much attention is paid to housing construction.
24.Tom began to answer his lesson, Mrs. Gladstone watching him closely.
25.This duty completed, he had three months leave.
26.There being too many applicants, the interviews were split into two days.
27.There being no additional foreign financing, the domestic resources had to be relied on.
28.Finally, she stood back and looked at him, her face smil-
ing.
29.The loans were granted by the commercial banks, the central bank strictly monitoring the situation.
30.The problem appeared solved when parallel discoveries were made.
Герундий
1.Translate the sentences with Gerunds and Gerund Construction into Russian.
1.Calculating consumer price index is part of general statistic procedure.
2.He could not help telling the results of the negotiations.
3.It is worth while having all the data together before discussing them.
4.Would you mind our taking part in the discussion?
5.High credit emission in 2nd quarter resulted in the inflation rate having been considerably raised.
6.Both the companies are alike in being represented in the European market.
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7.In dealing with statistical data it is necessary to have all the factors involved.
8.Upon being shown in tables, the figures were subject to thorough analysis.
9.There is high probability of their being invited to the congress as special guests.
10.We’ll probably think of trying another approach in this
matter.
11.The manager insisted on all the employees getting bonuses.
12.President Coleman’s being late was accepted with patience.
13.In spite of not having special training, they performed quite well at all the stages of the experiment.
14.In addition to being accommodated in double rooms, they were asked to check out of the hotel four hours before the usual times.
15.They objected to the talks being held without all the parties represented.
16.Do you think it’s worth while beginning this project without waiting for the confirmation to arrive?
17.Such result may be accounted for by their having started the experiment in the middle of the year.
18.Newton’s having discovered the laws of mechanics determined the development of science for many years to come.
19.I have no objection to your coming late.
20.We are concerned about the company's trading in raw
materials.
21.She was very much surprised at his being so worried about the incident.
22.Do you know the reason for the miners stopping work?
23.Some parents don't approve of their children watching a lot of television.
24.I insist on both of them coming in time.
25.I can't imagine your mother approving of what you are
doing.
26.He was against my going there alone.
27.I remember his saying it.
28.I object to children going out on such a windy day.
29.Our being tired is easy to explain.
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30. Did you ever hear of a man of sense rejecting an offer?
2.Determine the form of Gerund and translate the sentences into Russian.
1.I remember your having objected to this schedule.
2.He entered the room without noticing her.
3.We were surprised at hearing his name among the winners.
4.Nothing could prevent him from playing tennis practically every day
5.Did you have any difficulty in solving this problem?
6.He improved his report by changing the end.
7.She is against being sent to this faraway place.
8.Is there any possibility of their finding a suitable building material so soon?
9.They insisted on the question being reconsidered.
10.Flying is better for long journeys but travelling by car is more interesting.
11.Wood has many uses We use it for making chairs and tables. It is used for building houses. It is used for making matches.
12.Seeing is believing.
13.Smoking is not allowed in this building
14.He tried to find an excuse for being late
15.You should avoid hurting other people's feelings
16.He was given an award for having saved the life of the little
children.
17.The director was responsible for the work being finished in
time.
18.Maintaining an effective working relationship in a team holds the key to success of research projects.
19.These points of view are alike in having a great number of supporters.
20.He insisted on my being included into the group of young researchers involved in joint experiment.
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