Основы теории и практики научно-технического перевода и научного общения. Учебное пособие

+

plus, addition,

μ

micron

positive

−

minus,

belongs to

subtraction,

negative

±

plus or minus

is contained in

:,÷

sign of divi-

0

degree

sion, ratio sign

=

sign

%

per cent

of

equality,

equals, (is)

equal to

≈

approximately

/

minute, foot

equal, ap-

proaches

→

approaches,

//

second, inch

tends to, corre-

sponds to

>

greater than

A'

A prime

<

less than

A"

A second

≥

equal to or

A

A tilded

greater than

∞

infinity

A*

A star

_

the square root

B1

В sub one

of a

√ a

_

the cube root of

В2

В sub two

a

3√ a

_

the nih root of

Сb

С sub b

a

n√ a

| |

parallel to

Сb

С sub b prime

perpendicular

N,No

number

to, a perpen-

dicular mark

length of line

AB

from A to В

T

Т barred

angle

a vector, the

¯а

mean value

|

right angle

dX

differential of

X

○

round, circle

ò

integral of

( )

round brackets,

b

integral be-

parentheses

ò

tween the limit

a

a and b

[ ]

square

i

integral from

brackets,

ò

К to i

brackets

K

{ }

braces

f (x)

function of x

ν!

factorial;

64

six to the

n= 1.2.3.

fourth power

n

i=0,1 …… , n (where) i runs

Aab

a to the power

from zero to n

b

C=1, 2, ... (where) С is equal to 1,

√ 4 = 2

the square root

2 and so on

of four is two

[X] absolute value of x, magni-

3 √64 = 4

the cube root

tude of real

number X,

of sixty-four is

modulus of X ([X] =X;

four

X³0,

[X] = -X; X<0)

&

and

1/2

one half, a half

.

full stop

1/3

one third

:

colon

4/7

four sevenths

,

comm a

21/3

two and a third

;

semicolon

0.3

nought point

three,

zero(nill, null)

point three

′

apostrophe

.2

point two

—¾

dash

2.4

two point four

-

hyphen

4:2

the ratio of

four to two

« »

inverted

a:b

the ratio of a

commas

to b

*

asterisk

2:3=4:6

two is to three

as four is to

six

?

interrogation

a:b=c:d

a is to b as с

point

is to d

!

point of

X=k/y

X varies in-

exclamation

versely as у

3+5=8

three plus five

X→∞

X approaches

equals eight

infinity

a+b=c

a plus b equals

(a+b)×(a-b)=

two quantities

с

=a2-b2

is equal to the

difference of

their squares

a−b=c

a minus b is

2+X+

√

4

two plus X

equal to с

+X2=10

plus the

square root of

four plus X

squared is

equal to ten

10-6=4

ten minus

six

a+b = c+d

a plus b over a

c-d

equals four; ten

a-b

minus b is

minus six

is

equal to с plus

equal to four

d over с minus

d

1 × 1 = 1

once one is one

f(s)=Kab

f of s is equal

to К sub ab

2×2=4

twice two is

a3=logcd

a

cubed

is

four

equal to

the

logarithm

of

d

to the base

с

3×3=9

three times

Xa-b=K

X sub a minus

three is nine

b is equal to К

10x7= 70

10 multiplied

¶2u

the

second

by 7 equals

= 0

¶t2

partial

de-

seventy

rivative

of

и

with respect to

t equals zero

a b=c

a multiplied by

n

sum;

b equals с

åXk

X1+X2i…+Xn

k =1

a:b=c

a divided by b

n

product;

is equal to с

ÕXk

X1*X2 ...Xn

k =1

22

two squared

r

the sum from

å

k equals 0 to

k =0

k

equals r

43

four cubed

Å

modulo – 2

sum

d

2

the second derivative of у with re-

y

+[2 + b(s)]× y = 0

spect to s, plus у times the quan-

2

ds

tity two plus b of s, is equal to

zero

3/4 km

three quarters

ëX û

largest integer

of a kilometer

less

than

or

equal

to

X

(the

integer

part of X)

1.65 km

one point

éX ù

smallest

inte-

sixty-five

ger

greater

kilometer

than

or

equal

to X

15 Ib

fifteen

x » y

x is approxi-

pounds

mately equal

to y

50 mi/h

fifty miles

x << y

x is negligible

per hour

compared to у

5 ft/s

5 feet per

æn ö

number of com-

second

ç ÷

binations of n

èmø

objects taken m

at a time

16 h. p.

16 horse

fDg

f is defined to

powers

be equal to y

74.5 °F

seventy-four

// f //

norm of

point five de-

function f

grees Fahren-

heit

20 °C

twenty

( fg )

inner

product

degrees

of

functions f

Centigrade

and

g

…..

a dotted line

[f (D)]n

fmDm

m

+fm+1Dm+l

+...+fnDn for n

³ m and 0 for

m>n

where

f(D)=

å fkDk

is

a

polyno-

mial

−−−

a dash line

A B

union

of sets

A and B (that

is,

the

set of

elements in A

or B of both)

- - - -

a broken line

Ñf (x)

gradient of the

function f(x)

−.−.−

a dot and

Ac

complement

dash line

of set A

−−→

in the direc-

A ∩ B

intersection

tion of the ar-

of sets A and

row

В (that

is,

the

set

of

elements

commonly

contained

in

sets A

and B)

M*

a starred

a Î A

the element a

parameter

is contained in

the set A

M

its instarred

B A

В is

a subset

counterpart

of A

laplacian

a:S

the set of ele-

ments a

such

that

statement

S is satisfied.

a triangle

A={a:S}

A is defined

as the set of

elements a for

which state-

ment

S is satisfied

X

the increment

S1Û S2

statement S1

of X

implies S2 and

S2

implies S1

/m/

m appears

GCD

greatest

between slats

common

divisor

<

the word sig-

inf f(x)

infinum;

signal>

nal is angle-

largest

enclosed

number

n

ever

ex-

ceeding

f

(x) over al-

lowed

range of x.

If

the

minimum

exists, then

inf f

(x)

=

min f

{x}

1.

followed by a

LCM

lowest

period

common

multiple

reference

5 is a raised

lim

limit

as

x ap-

5

numerical

x ® y

proaches у

/tube/

the word tube

lim

limit

as

x ap-

is cited be-

tween

® y +

proaches

у

single

from

quotation

above

marks

//line//

the word

line

lim

limit

as x ap-

is cited

be-

proaches

у

tween double

® y -

quotation

from below

marks

~

a swung dash

ln

natural

logarithm

§

a section

Rn (m)

remainder af-

ter dividing m

by n (m and n

positive

inte-

gers)

Italic

indicated by a

Rg(D)

remainder af-

single straight

f(D)

ter dividing

f

type

underscore

polynomial

(D) by g (D)

simulati on

indicated by a

sup f (x)

supremum;

double

under-

smallest

score

number

never ex-

ceeded by f

(x) over al-

lowed

range of x.

If the

maximum

exists, then

sup f

f (x)

(x)=max

control

indicated by a

A B

the points

A

wavy

under-

and

В

are

score

· ·

marked

with

letters

log

logarithm

to

min f (x)

minimum

arbitrary

base

f

(x)

(logn indicates

value

of

logarithm

to

over

allowed

base n)

range of x

maximum

maximum

max f (x)

value of f (x)

max

over x belongs

over

xÎk

to k

allowed range

of x