Практикум по культуре речевого общения искусство. Часть 2. Практикум

picture n – изображение, картина, рисунок, портрет.

pictorial a – 1) живописный, изобразительный: ~ art – живопись, изобразительное искусство; 2) иллюстрированный.

pilaster n – пилястр (a rectangular pillar, esp. one projecting from a wall which it supports).

pillar n – столб, колонна (made of stone or wood).

pinnacle n – шпиц, башенка (a small slender tower or turret built to ornament a roof, buttress, etc.); pinnacled a – украшенный башенками, оканчивающийся шпицем.

pigment n – краска, краситель, пигмент N o t e : Pigments usually come in the form of powders, the result of grinding various materials, mainly of mineral origin. A variety of ingredients are used to bind pigments together. Among the oldest is a combination of beaten egg-yolk and water which when mixed with pigments, is called tempera. Starting in the 15th century, a new vehicle for coloured pigments appeared: oil. This has been justifiably considered one of the major advances in painting of all time. Pigments are bound together with oil and diluted at will by either oil or spirits (usually with a mixture of both).

plan n – план: in ~ в плане (viewed from above); circular (square) in ~.

plane n – плоскость: on a slanting ~ в наклонной плоскости, on a different ~ в другой плоскости.

plasticity n – рельефность; visual ~ зримая (почти осязаемая) рельефность; plastic a – рельефный, похожий на скульптуру; скульптурные изображения; ~ art – искусство ваяния, пластическое искусство.

pointillism n – пуантилизм.

porcelain n – фарфор; porcelain а – фарфоровый: ~ clay – фарфоровая глина, каолин.

portal n портал, главный вход; recessed ~ перспективный портал (отодвинутый в глубину).

portrait n – портрет; half-length (waist-length) ~ поясной портрет; half-length figure (фигура,

изображенная по пояс); full-length (life-size(d)) ~ портрет в полный рост, во весь рост, в натуральную величину: full-length figure фигура, изображенная в полный рост; knee-length ~ поколенный портрет; shoulder-length ~ портрет до плеч; larger-than life ~; life-like ~; self-portrait автопортрет; ceremonial ~ парадный портрет. Syn. full-dress ~; equestrian ~ портрет всадника; a portrait by Hogarth; to paint (to do, to execute) a portrait; to sit for a portrait, to pose for (to) a portrait.

portraiture n – портретная живопись. Syn. portrait painting; ceremonial ~ парадная портретная живопись.

pose vt, vi – 1) vt ставить в определенную позу, e.g. In Serov’s famous portrait of Yermolova the actress is posed against a background of a grey wall. 2) vi – позировать, принимать позу, e.g. A model is a person who poses for artists and sculptors. The girl was asked to pose for a portrait. Syn. to sit (for); pose n – поза: to take (up), to strike a ~ принять позу.

posture n – поза; elegant ~ изящная поза. Syn. pose.

81

pottery n – 1) гончарное дело; 2) гончарные изделия, керамика.

Pre-Raphaelites – прерафаэлиты, художественное течение в Англии второй половины XIX в., требовавшее возврата к искусству Раннего Возрождения (до Рафаэля) с его нравственной чистотой и любовью к природе.

prettify vt – украшать, прихорашивать. print n – гравюра, эстамп. programmatic a – программный. pyramid n – пирамида.

R

range n – диапазон, размах, сфера, масштаб: the ~ of subjects – (широкий) диапазон сюжетов,

тем: а ~ of colours – гамма цветов. Syn. colour-scale.

recall smb.’s manner (style, etc.) – напоминать (чью-л. манеру, стиль и т.п.). Syn. to be reminiscent of, to call to mind.

recession n – удаление, отдаление, перспектива (receding, going further away from the point of the viewer): to create a sense (feeling) of ~ in a picture; recede vi – удаляться, отходить вглубь; receding а – удаляющийся: а ~ landscape, trees, figures, streets, buildings, etc.

reconstruct vt – 1) перестраивать, реконструировать; 2) восстанавливать, реставрировать. Syn. to rebuild, to restore.

reduce vt – сводить (к чему-л.), доводить (до чего-л.): to ~ a character to pictorial elements –

свести образ лишь к элементам живописного порядка; to ~ a figure to a decorative – outline свести образ лишь к декоративному контуру; to ~ smth. to strong, clear patterns

зд. – сводить ... (превращать в ...) к четкому, ясному рисунку.

relief n – рельеф (изображение); high ~ горельеф, высокий рельеф; low or bas-relief –

барельеф, низкий рельеф; to be carved, modelled, done in ~ (contrasted with sculpture in the round); attrib. use: ~ decoration, ornamentation.

renaissance n – возрождение: the Renaissance эпоха Ренессанса, Возрождения; the Early ~ Ранний Ренессанс, Раннее Возрождение; the High (Late) ~ Высокий (Поздний) Ренес-

санс, Высокое Возрождение attr. use: ~ art, literature, painting, painters, architecture, etc.

render vt – передавать, изображать: to ~ light, atmosphere, e.g. He rendered the scene before him truthfully.

repetition n – повторение: the repetition of accents – повторение цветовых акцентов (для придания ритма рисунку), also: repetition of line and form; monotonous repetition of the same theme.

repoussoir n (from French repousseur – to push back) figure or object placed in the extreme foreground of a picture to increase the illusion of depth.

82

represent vt – изображать, рисовать, e.g. The artist represented his wife as the Goddess of Spring. Syn. to depict, portray; representation n изображение: а realistic, life-like, faithful ~ of smth., smb’s life, etc. реалистичное, жизненное, точное изображение. Syn. depiction, portrayal But: The English for "На картине изображен крестьянин (лес пруд и т. п.)" is "In the painting we can see a peasant (a wood, a pond, etc.)".

rib n – ребро, нервюра; ribbed a – ребристый, рубчатый, рифленый: rib(bed) vaulting – сводчатое потолочное покрытие с ребристым каркасом.

rich a (about colour) – сочный (краска, тон), e.g. Rembrandt’s colour is rich and warm.; richness n – сочность, насыщенность. But: богатство красок is a riot of colour, a wide range of colours, a wide colour-scheme.

radiate vt – излучать; е.g, Gaugfn uses graphic devices to radiate expressive vigour, radiant a –

лучистый, светящийся изнутри.

rigid а – строгий, суровый, жесткий: ~ form, rules, discipline, style, character; rigidity n –

строгость, суровость, жесткость, скованность: the ~ of form, style, etc.

rival v – соперничать, конкурировать, e.g. No other composer can rival Beethoven in expressiveness.

rhythm n – ритм (повторение линий, направлений, цветовых пятен и т.п. с некоторыми вариациями); rhythmic line – ритмическая линия; rhythmical design – ритмический рисунок.

Rococo n – рококо (a florid style in painting, sculpture and architecture, characterised by curved lines, popular in Europe in the XVIII-th century).

Romanesque – романский; романский стиль (the style of building prevalent in Western Europe between the classical and Gothic periods, a characteristic of which was vaulting construction and round arches).

roofing n – покрытие, кровля.

rose window apxum. – окно-роза (a round ornamental window, usually of stained glass).

round n – круг: sculpture in the ~ круглая, трехмерная скульптура (a form of sculpture in which an object is meant to be viewed from all sides (contrasted with relief – рельеф); to be carved, modelled, done in the ~.

rustic a – 1) деревенский, сельский: ~ scenes, charm, simplicity, dress, speech, manners, etc.; 2) грубый, крестьянский: а ~ seat, bench; ~ workmanship, etc.

S

sanctuary n – 1) святилище; 2) алтарная часть церкви.

scene n – сцена, изображение, сценка, пейзаж: a woodland ~, a rustic ~, an urban ~, a street ~, a riverside ~, a market ~; an outdoor ~; everyday folk or genre scenes – бытовые сценки; scenes of violent physical action and emotional conflict – изображение бурного движения и внутренних страстей.

83

sculptural а – скульптурный: ~ style 1) манера лепки; 2) скульптурная манера в живописи (a manner of painting characteristic of sculpture; painting in which forms seem to posses the weight and solidity of sculpture); ~ quality – скульптурность (в живописи); sculpturesque а – похожий на скульптуру, рельефный: а ~ impression производящий впечатление скульптуры; ~ modelling – лепка, как в скульптуре; а ~ fresco – рельефная (т.е. производящая впечатление рельефа) фреска.

sculpture n – 1) скульптура, ваяние (as the art of fashioning objects out of clay, bone, wood, stone, etc.); 2) скульптура (изваяние): a piece of ~; sculptor n скульптор, ваятель; sculptural а скульптурный: a ~ portrait; a ~ group.

scene n – сцен(к)а, картин(к)а, пейзаж: a woodland ~; a country ~; a sylvan ~ ; a rustic ~ ; an urban ~; a street ~, etc., e.g. They painted riverside scenes.

secular а – светский, нецерковный, гражданский, мирской. Ant. Ecclesiastical.

sense of (colour) – 1) чувство (цвета); also a feeling for colour: a sense of (feeling for) proportion, composition, rhythm, etc., e.g. Titian had a marvellous sense of (feeling for) colour; sense of moderation – чувство меры; 2) ощущение (чего-л) в произведении, e.g. A remarkable sense of distance is conveyed in his landscapes.

sensual a – 1) чувственный; 2) относящийся к чувствам, воспринимаемым каким-л. из пяти органов чувств. Syn. Sensuous.

serene а – безмятежный; serenity n – спокойствие, безмятежность reflection n – рефлекс (наиболее светлое место на теневой части предмета).

set down – запечатлевать, фиксировать: to ~ what one sees, one’s impressions, etc., e.g. Nothing could compare with the grace and charm captured in the painting and set down forever.

setting n – место действия.

sfumato n um. – «сфумато» «дымчатость», т.е. смягченность формы, плавность перехода от света к тени. e.g. Leonardo’s sfumato (or "smoky technique") blends contours and volumes into the atmosphere, creating a vague sense of mystery while at the same time toning down the brilliance of his colours.

shadow n – тень: in full (complete) shadow – в глубокой (густой) тени; in partial shadow – в

полутени.

silversmith n – серебряных дел мастер.

sitter n – позирующий (художнику, скульптору) (one who is sitting to have his portrait painted), e.g. Among Lawrence’s sitters were kings, princes, great diplomats and generals. Вut the English for – «натурщик, натурщица» is "model", e.g. The art class had several models posing for them once a week; sitting n сеанс, e.g. He did the portrait in (at) one sitting.

square n – четверик, квадрат.

sketch n – эскиз, набросок, зарисовка: a pencil (water-colour, oil, chalk, pastel, etc.) ~ ; sketches (studies) of still-life; of urban (rustic, street) scenes, of variety of types of people; to make a ~ делать набросок; to make a ~ from nature, to make a ~ from the model, to make a ~

84

for a large canvas, etc.; sketch vt, vi – делать набросок: to ~ a scene (a picture), to ~ from nature, to sketch from memory etc., to ~ smth. in – набросать в общих чертах, (едва) наметить, очень обобщенно изобразить, e.g. The figures in the background are barely sketched in.; sketchy а – эскизный, свободный: а ~ painting; a ~ technique.

solid а – весомый, массивный.

sombre а – темный, мрачный: ~ colours, tones, hues. space

spire n – шпиль, игла, стрела (а tall structure, set on a tower, which narrows to a point). spirituality n – одухотворенность, возвышенность.

splash n – пятно: splashes of colour яркие пятна.

spontaneous a – естественный, непосредственный: spontaneous manner (method) of working –

непосредственная, естественная манера работы, письма.

spot n – точка: spot technique – точечная техника. Syn. Pointillism.

stained glass – 1) цветное стекло; 2) витражное стекло; stained-glass window – витраж. statuary n собир. – скульптуры, скульптурная группа: fine ~; a fine piece of ~.

steeple n – шпиль, пирамидальная крыша (a high tower, especially one with a spire, usually on a cathedral).

streak n – полоска, полоса, жилка, прожилка: а ~ of colour, light, etc.; streaky а – полосатый.

stroke n – мазок, черта, штрих; brushstroke – мазок; with a few strokes – несколькими штрихами; at one stroke – мгновенно.

stucco n – штукатурка; stucco а – оштукатуренный, e.g. The walls are of stucco. The stucco walls have a stone foundation.

study n – этюд, подготовительный рисунок: а ~ for a painting, e. g. Ivanov made a great number of studies of heads for his picture "Christ Appears before the People".

stylised а – стилизованный, написанный в условной манере.

subdue vt – ослаблять, уменьшать, смягчать: to ~ the light, colour of smth.; ~d colours – мягкие,

приглушенные краски.

subject n – 1) тема, содержание, сюжет Syn. subject matter e.g. The worship of supernatural forces determined the subject matter of antique art.; 2) изображаемое, образ.

Sublime n – возвышенное: the term “the Sublime” came into general use in the 18th century to denote new aesthetic concept. Edmund Burke in his "Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin

85

of our Ideas of the Sublime and the Beautiful" (1757) regarded the Sublime as evoking astonishment and awe.

suffuse vt – наполнять, заполнять, заливать, e.g. The room is suffused with light.

suggest vt – подсказывать, намекать, наводить на мысль, to ~ distance; to be barely ~ed – едва намечаться, e.g. The background figures are barely suggested.

superstructure n – надстройка, часть здания выше фундамента.

surface (or surface texture) n – фактура, структура, текстура поверхности (картины) Note: Surface texture varies greatly and stems from a combination of factors. A surface may be smooth or, on the contrary, rough. The depth of the painted layer may range all the way from transparency to complete opacity. Smooth finishes, in which the brush marks are barely visible, are typical of the early painters. This may be easily seen from the works of Jan van Eyck.

surmount vt – увенчивать; be surmounted (topped) with – увенчиваться, оканчиваться (чем-л.).

T

tableau n фр. – картина.

take on (colour, form, etc.) – принимать (цвет, форму и т.п.), e.g. I glanced at the portrait once more and found that the lips had taken on an imperceptible smile.

teem with vi – изобиловать, кишеть, быть наполненным (to be full of): to (be) ~ (ing) with life; to (be) ~ (ing) with fish, snakes, etc.

temple n – храм.

tent(-shaped) roof – шатер, тип высокой, крутой многоскатной крыши пирамидальной формы; a tent-roofed tower – шатровая башня; a tent church – шатровая церковь.

terraced а – террасированный, ступенчатый: a ~ park, lawn, tower, pyramid.

throb vi – трепетать, пульсировать, вибрировать: to ~ with life, movement, (the) joy (of life) excitement; throbbing with life (joy, etc.) – полный жизни (радости и т.п.),

полнокровный.

tier n – ряд, ярус, чин (ряд икон в иконостасе); festival ~ праздничный чин (ряд икон, посвященных церковным праздникам).

tinge n – легкая окраска, оттенок, тон; tinge vt – слегка окрашивать, придавать оттенок, e.g. There was a tinge of violet and blue in the shadows falling on her neck. The light falling from side lights tinged the dancer’s dresses a yellowish green.

three-dimensional a – трехмерный, пространственный, объемный.

tomb n – гробница, склеп, мавзолей, надгробный памятник; tombstone n – надгробная плита, надгробный памятник.

tone n – тон, краска; also colour; contrasted with shade – оттенок, нюанс (the relative lightness or darkness of a colour), hue цвет (the differentiation of a colour, i.e. its redness, yellowness, etc.); contrasting tones – контрасты тонов, контрастные тона; tonal harmony – гармония, сочетания тонов.

86

touch n – штрих, мазок: broken ~es – отдельные мазки.

tower n – башня: gate ~ проездная башня; tent-roofed ~ шатровая башня; bell tower – звонница.

town (city)-scape – городской пейзаж.

tracery n – 1) узор, рисунок; 2) ажурная каменная работа. the Transfiguration – Преображение.

transient а – преходящий, мимолетный, быстро меняющийся: а ~ mood (smile, feeling); ~ nature, etc.

transparent a – прозрачный, просвечивающий: the figures blend with the background to such and extent that they become almost transparent.

treat vt – трактовать, e.g. Matter and objects are treated in a new way in Chardin’s still-lifes; treatment n трактовка, e.g. The discovery of painting in oils in the 15th century led to new diversity in the treatment of light.; linear ~ линейная трактовка (изображения); surface ~ обработка поверхности.

trend n – направление, also: movement, school.

triptych n – триптих (painting or carving on three panels side by side). truncated а – усеченный.

turquoise – бирюзовый.

turn to smth. (for one’s subjects) – обращаться к чему-л. Syn. to draw one’s subjects from smth. to paint smth., e.g. Rembrandt turned to mythology for his subjects. Vermeer drew his subjects from everyday life.

turret n – башенка (a small tower, usually at the corner of a building).

type n – тип, обобщенный образ: make one’s individuals stand for types создавать обобщенные образы.

U

underpainting n – подмалевок (the painting and modelling of form in a picture in one tone before colour is applied). Syn. undercoat.

V

varnish n – лак, фиксаж; varnish vt – покрывать лаком (Varnish serves as a protective layer over the painted surface.).

vault n – свод; vault vt – покрывать сводом, возводить свод; vaulted а – сводчатый: а ~ roof, ceiling, nave (неф); (vaulted) sub-structure – (сводчатая) подклеть; vaulting n –

сводчатое покрытие.

Venetian – венецианский.

87

versatile а – многосторонний, разносторонний, гибкий.

view n вид: а ~ of the lake (mountains, etc.): a ~ from the bridge; a side ~ вид сбоку; a front ~, a back ~.

vigorous а – сильный, энергичный: ~ brush strokes, lines, etc., e.g. Fragonard’s vigorous brushwork gives the painting life and movement.

vision n – восприятие, видение, стиль: one’s personal vision – индивидуальное (личное)

восприятие (чего-л.), also: one’s personal style.

vocation n – назначение, предназначение: the high vocation of art.

voluptuous а – пышный, роскошный; возбуждающий чувственное желание (о фигуре, формах тела): а ~ figure.

volute n – волюта, спираль, завиток.

W

wash n – тонкий слой (краски), жидкая (разбавленная) краска, особ. акварель, размывка: brown ~; thin ~.

workshop n – мастерская, студия. Syn. Studio.

88

IV. GENERAL EXPRESSIONS AND STATEMENTS

a faithful (honest) representation of an exquisite study of

an unaffected and beautiful work of art the flowing alterations of light and shade a sitter, a model

a portrait by Serov

a most gripping picture

the subject-matter of the picture

a water-colour sketch (an oil sketch, a pencil sketch)

sketches (studies) of still-life; of urban (rustic, street) scenes; of variety of types of people

in the foreground: in the near foreground, in the left (right) foreground, in the centre foreground in the middleground, in the centre of the picture

in the background: in the right (left) background, in the centre background, against the background

to paint (to do, to execute) a portrait

to sit for a portrait, to pose for (to) a portrait

to draw from life (to be life-like, to be true to life) to be detached (removed) from life

to depict, to create, to recreate, to execute, to reproduce, to portray to render, to convey

to treat (to handle)

to catch (to capture, to seize) a likeness

to portray (to be portrayed) with great depth and feeling to reproduce with convincing truth and profound realism to recreate pages of the past

to render the weight, volume and mass of an object to portray (to depict, to represent) crowd scenes

to depict smth. with great dramatic force and empathy to create a forceful (powerful, vigorous) image of

to portray (convey, render, etc.) in a masterly way or with great mastery to create a gallery of types and characters

to capture the expression of the face

to sketch, to make a sketch (a study for a picture) to sketch from memory (nature)

to be among the finest examples of Dutch art to go too far ahead of one’s time

to practice genre painting

to be the veritable creator of the school to be a legitimate heir to

to owe much to smb. to pay homage to smb.

to abandon oneself to inspiration to excel in (doing smth.)

to rival smb. in fame

to combine in one’s art skilful borrowings from to be reminiscent of

to come down to us (to survive) to withstand the ravages of time

89

to organize (to arrange, to hold) an exhibition to be on exhibition

to exhibit to display

to put pictures on display to put up pictures for show to be on display

It is composed in decorative pattern and is organized in light and shade arrangements. It reflects...

It is drawn from nature.

It delights the eye by its unity of composition.

The painter achieves complete unity of composition. The figures melt into the background.

Smth. (smb.) is represented in the background of…

Smth. (smb.) is represented sitting (standing, posed against...)

Smth. is rendered (portrayed) in a convincing manner.

Smth. takes the light.

Smth. is enveloped in light.

Smth. is drawn with utmost care and precision.

Smth. adds to the vivid atmospheric effect.

A sense of movement is given to…

The light shifts from…

There is an open air feeling in the canvas.

All the figures are living individuals.

The landscape counterbalances the figures.

The two figures take the prominent part of it.

The farther groups fade into the darkness.

Every detail in the picture plays its part in the composition.

It is done in primary colours.

It is painted in sober tones.

The prevailing colour is…

The colour scheme is warm (cool).

The colouring is fresh and cool.

The delicacy of tones (colours) is lost in a representation.

It captivates the viewer (beholder, observer, onlooker) at first sight. The painting caught and held me.

It is charming, fascinating, exquisite, unsurpassed, etc. It has spontaneous lyric charm.

It is poetic in tone and atmosphere. It is rich in tone.

It stands alone in his work.

It takes place among the masterpieces of the world in its harmony of form and content, its freshness and vitality.

His works are distinguished by graceful and controlled movement as well as dignity. He put down his own transient impression of the sitter.

He is known for his spontaneity in the handling of the figure. He broke with the tradition of smooth painting.

Her grey hair made a distinguished setting for an intelligent face. His debt to smb. is great.

90