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problem of the price of such energy, because this solution costs the generator itself plus the gasoline that makes it unfavorable.

Another product exists on the market named the uninterruptible power supply or uninterruptible power source (UPS), which are very useful but can give only 20 minutes of energy in most cases (250 watts in use). Although there are more powerful products that cost significantly more, but even the most expensive ones can give no more than 10kW for 4 minutes that is not acceptable for a pumping station, a fridge and the hot water generator in complex.

After the thorough research, the decision was made to save the money without purchasing these installations. There was an attempt to construct the Do- It-Yourself prototype, which should meet the following requirements (Fig. 1):

-Produce more than 200 watts of energy continuously;

-Have the portable size and be handheld;

-Having an opportunity to be transformed into a small power station.

Fig. 1

The process of the constructing of such device is perfectly reflected by

Nicola Tesla in the book “Tesla: The Heritage of Genius”:

«In the moment when a man creates the mechanism that allows the incarnation of new idea in the life, he is possessed by thoughts about separate features of the future device». [1, page 198]

After the human anatomy research there was an observation that one man cannot produce more than 500 watts of the mechanical power in most cases. Therefore, the energy should be accumulated by the same principle as that is done in the UPS. In addition, there comes an idea that people can train their bodies without losing an energy, in spite of the lifting the weight.

During the continuous research there was one interesting discovery that the patents of the electric generator and the electro-magnetic motor belong to Nikola Tesla of N. Y. [2][3]

In order to check the capability of such device to produce the energy a small prototype has been built (Fig. 2):

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Fig. 2

Fig. 3

There comes the list of parts (Fig. 3): a small DC-motor 5,9V, a steel plate with application holes, two small plastic gears (both of them multiplying the rotation by 8 times), a handle for the last gear, an USB socket, a LED light, an adhesive tape.

The USB socket has been soldered to the motor; the 5V torch has been connected.

For the stable light two rotations per second of the last gear were necessary that corresponds to 2*8*8*60 = 7680 rpm of the motor, and its sound confirmed the speed of the rotor.

For testing purposes an 6W audio amplifier was connected to the prototype but the current and, accordingly, the voltage were not enough to get anything except the on and off “pops” of a speaker.

In order to double the current the second identical motor was added to the installation and tied by a belt with the first. There were needed less rotation in result but it was significantly harder to rotate the gear so it was not the solution for getting more energy.

During the process, there was an attempt to separate the motors and to connect one to the outputs of the second rotating only one of them. An observation appeared that the second one rotated 3 times slower than the first

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that explains the low energy output during the appliance of much force on the gear.

For the bigger output the initial motor was replaced by a bigger 6V motor that allowed getting the light by rotating the gear 2-3 times slower. In addition, the rotating process was not as difficult as it was while doubling smaller motors. As for the result, the audio amplifier produced approximately 1W of sound, therefore it was the successful installation.

In conclusion, the project proved that the energy might be generated aside from common and expensive solutions and that after additional improvements and coupling with existing solutions this device’s development might result in a useful installation and it can even progress onto the market. Although these ones cannot feed the whole house, such devices might be used to power up a smartphone, a computer, a lamp, a power amplifier and so on. In addition, it can be used outdoors, in the woods and/or in some remote areas where communications were not extended, that makes this device the universal power source.

References

1.Tesla N. Tesla: The Heritage of Genius — M.: «Eksmo», 2010. — 272 pages — ISBN 978-5-699-42188-6

2.Patent No. 511916D: ELECTRIC GENERATOR — US — NIKOLA TESLA OF N. Y. — 02.01.1894

3.Patent No. 381969D: ELECTRO-MAGNETIC MOTOR — US — NIKOLA TESLA OF N. Y. — 01.05.1888

Losev S. E.

(Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod)

SOME ASPECTS OF THE DIFFUSION OF INERT PARTICLES IN A

TURBULENT VISCOUS MEDIUM

The research of floating substance’s behavior statistical traits in a turbulent medium is a quite relevant task for ecological monitoring, weather forecasting and climate changes predictions. Hence, there is a significant number of works, dedicated to this topic. Specifically, we have works [1,2], stating that the floating substance is able to perform spatial localization. Clusterization on the surface of the liquid has also been described in [3]. Besides, molecular diffusion was taken in consideration in addition to turbulent

502

diffusion [4]. However, the inertness of floating substance’s particles has not been considered yet.

Our aim is to research the movement traits of passive substance particles in a turbulent viscous medium considering their inert properties.

It is a known fact, that because of particles’ inertness they form their own field of velocities, which is different from the medium’s velocities field [5]. Herewith, this own field determines particles’ diffusion, which leads to mentioned effect of spatial localization. However, our focus is another effect – multiple streams appearance.

Let us consider a particle with inert mass moving with speed through a turbulent stream. We are trying to describe diffusion of this particle in such medium in the simplest one-dimensional case. An example of such a movement could be a narrow channel where these particles are moving predominantly along the channel.

The particle has a force of resistance from medium. Let be a coefficient of viscous friction on a mass unit. In Lagrange representation, the motion of the particle is described by the following system of equations:

1)

where - Lagrange coordinate, - Lagrange velocity, - medium motion velocity. Initial conditions are:

We are interested in statistics of J which is the jacobian of transformation from Lagrangian coordinates to Euler:

.

3)

This jacobian has a spectacular physical sense: when it is greater than zero, we have a non-ambiguous accordance between Euler and Lagrange coordinates and that means that we have only one stream. If the jacobian is less than zero, we have multiple flows.

Considering given determinations:

4)

we will obtain the following system of equations from (1):

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5)

with initial conditions:

.

6)

We consider that and are having Gaussian distribution here. Then probability density of solutions for system (1), (3), (5) will be the following:

7)

Probability density (7) satisfies Fokker-Planck equation, averaging which

where is

.

10)

We have the following determinations in (8):

For the numerical solution of (8) we use measureless variables , and . After the substitution of these values into (11) we will finally come to our main equation:

We solve equation (12) with Crank-Nicolson method for different values of and .

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Fig. 1: Probability density evolution with and

At the figure 1 we can observer four frames of evolution, calculated with parameters and . We decided to snapshot systems state at 0, 50, 75 and 100. As we can see, jacobian barely changes for such values.

the initial location approaching the negative area, which means we are going to

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Fig. 3: Probability density evolution with and

The following conclusions can be made:

1.The inertness has a great influence on particle movement. Heavier particles can ignore the medium movement, since they are heavy enough to move by themselves and not to have medium influence.

2.When we start to trace low-mass particles (the higher k values) particles become to be more and more influenced by the medium.

3.Higher diffusion coefficient has an impact on several streams formation.

References

1.Klyatskin V.I. //Advances in Physical Sciences, 1994 V.111, P.1297.

2.Saichev A.I., Woyczynski W.A. //Stochastic Models in Geosystems. The IMA volumes in mathematics and its applications. 1996. V.85. P.359.

3.Saichev A.I., Zhukova I.S. //Lectures Notes in Physics. 1998. V.511.

P.353.

4.Gribova E.Z., Zhukova I.S., Saichev A.I., Woyczynski W.A. // Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics, 2000 V.43, P.456, ISSN 0033-8443.

5.Maxey M.R. //J. Fluid Mech. 1987. V.174. P.441.

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Оглавление

СЕКЦИЯ "Общественные, гуманитарные, юридические и экономические

Беспалова И.В.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ОСНОВ ДИЗАЙНА СТУДЕНТАМИ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ 42.03.01 – «РЕКЛАМА И

Серебрякова Т.А., Князева Е.В.

МОТИВАЦИЯ РОДИТЕЛЬСТВА КАК ОБЪЕКТ ЭМПИРИЧЕСКОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ .18

Кладова Д.Ю., Грибанова К.В.

ПРОФИЛАКТИКА ПЕРВИЧНОГО УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ СТУДЕНТАМИ НАРКОТИЧЕСКИХ

Малышева А.В.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ АРТ-ОБЪЕКТОВ В ДИЗАЙНЕ ГОРОДА КАК

Павлюкова Ю.В.

ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ОБУЧЕНИЯ ИНОСТРАННЫХ ГРАЖДАН В РОССИИ (1940

Конева И.А., Прынова Е.А.

К ПРОБЛЕМЕ ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНО-ВОЛЕВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ МЛАДШИХ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ

Довгопол Д.А.

К ВОПРОСУ МОТИВАЦИИ НАУЧНО-ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОГО СОСТАВА ВУЗА В РАБОТЕ

Перова В.И., Зайцева К.В.

НЕЙРОСЕТЕВОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ДИНАМИКИ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ

Перова В.И., Комиссарова Т.С.

НЕЙРОСЕТЕВОЙ АНАЛИЗ ДИНАМИКИ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ МАЛЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ В

Трофимова М.А.

ПРОБЛЕМА ПЕРВОРОДНОГО ГРЕХА В ТЕОЛОГИИ МАРТИНА ЛЮТЕРА И ФИЛИППА

Шевцова Д.М.

ОТРАЖЕНИЕ БИБЛЕЙСКИХ ЗАПОВЕДЕЙ В ПОЭМЕ М.Ю.ЛЕРМОНТОВА «ПЕСНЯ ПРО ЦАРЯ ИВАНА ВАСИЛЬЕВИЧА, МОЛОДОГО ОПРИЧНИКА И УДАЛОГО КУПЦА

Анциферова А.И.

ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ УЧЕТА ПРИ ПРОВЕДЕНИИ КОНТРОЛЯ КАЧЕСТВА СТРОИТЕЛЬНО-