Grammar Passive Voice (Indefinite Tenses)

1. Fill in:

l. Nick ... to Moscow next week (send). 2. I ... at the lesson yesterday (ask). 3. Many houses ... in our town every year (build). 4. This work ... tomorrow (do). 5. Bread ... every day (eat). 6. The letter ... yesterday (receive). 7. This text ... at the last lesson (translate). 8. His new book ... next year (finish). 9. This bone ... to my dog tomorrow (give). 10. We ... to a concert last Saturday (invite).

2. Ask questions:

1. The patient was examined by the doctor. (Who ... ?) 2. The ward is aired every day. (When ... ?) 3. The nurses were given the instructions. (What ... ?) 4. Our medical college was founded in .1868. (When ... ?) 5. The case histories will be filled in after dinner. (What ... ?) 6. Injections are made well by this nurse. (How ... ?) 7. This problem was discussed at the lesson. (Where…?)

Lesson 5

Skin

1.1 Read and memorize the words:

subcutaneous - підшкірний connective - сполучний

layer -шар outer - зовнішній

inner - внутрішній fibres - волокна

interlace - переплітати permeate – проникнути

sebaceous – сальний

1.2 Match the words-combinations:

is covered by потові залози

consists of two layers видаляти побічні продукти

vary in shape вкритий

possess great vitality складається з двох шарів

loosely connected fibres діяти як захісне покриття

interlacing with each other різняться за формою

the sweat glands мати велику життєздатність

to act as a protective covering переплетені між собою

to excrete certain waste вільно з'єднані

2. Reading activities

2.1 Read and translate the text: the skin

The skeleton is covered by the skin, by the layer of subcutaneous tissue and fat, and by the muscles.

The skin consists of two layers: an outer layer termed the epidermis, and an inner layer termed the dermis.

The epidermis is composed of a number of layers of cells which vary in shape from above downward. The cells in the surface layers are flat. Those in the layers lower down are round or many-sided; the cells in the deeper layers are column-shaped, and possess great vitality and power of reproduction.

The dermis is composed of a mass of loosely connected fibres which can be divided into two layers: 1) An outer layer which is raised into a great number of conical or finger-like projections termed papillae. Each papilla contains blood vessels and nerve endings and also the rudiment of a hair. 2) An inner layer consisting of bands of connective tissue interlacing with each other and permeated by blood vessels, glands and fat.

The skin contains two sets of glands: the sweat glands and the sebaceous glands. The nails and hair are special structures developed from the epidermis.

The functions of the skin are of great importance. The skin protects the body against injury, receives information about the outside world, prevents drying out, helps maintain body temperature, has sweat glands that excrete excess water and some wastes from the body and contains a compound that is converted to vitamin D.

3. Post-reading activities

3.1 Give the Ukrainian equivalents:

is covered by the skin; the layer of subcutaneous tissue; consists of two layers; an outer layer; contains blood vessels; two sets of glands; the functions of the skin; to act as a protective covering; to contain special nerve endings; the sense of touch.

3.2 Give the English equivalents:

шар підшкірної тканини; складається з двох шарів; внутрішній шар; містить кровоносні судини та нервові закінчення; два види залоз; нігті та волосся; функції шкіри; відчуття дотику; видаляє побічні продукти; у вигляді поту.

3.3 Answer the questions:

1. What is the body covered by? 2. How many layers does the skin consist of? 3. What are the cells in the surface layers like? 4. What is the dermis composed of? 5. How many sets of glands does the skin contain? 6. What does each papilla contain? 7. What are the functions of the skin?

3.4 Say if it is true or false:

1. The skin consists of two layers.

2. An outer layer is termed the dermis, and an inner layer is termed the epidermis..,

3. The epidermis is composed of a number of layers of cells.

4. The cells in the surface layers are round.

5. Each papilla contains blood vessels and nerve endings.

6. The skin contains three sets of glands.

7. The nails and hair are special structures developed from the dermis.

8. The functions of the skin are of great importance.