The Accessory Organs of Digestion

1. Pre-reading activities.

1.1 Read and memorize the words:

acid - кислота liquid – рідкий

gland - залоза amount – кількість

store - накопичувати starch – крохмаль

a greenish sac - зеленуватий мішок

1.2 Match the words-combinations:

fatty acids найбільша залоза

pass into the lymph цукор і крохмаль

thin walls виробляє гормони

the amount of food жирні кіслоти

the largest gland потрапляють в лімфу

produces hormones тонкі стінки

sugars and starches кількість їжи

2. Reading activities

2.1 Read and translate the text about digestion:

Digestion

During digestion, food is broken down into substances that the blood can carry and the cells can absorb. Carbohydrates bесоmе sugars and proteins are turned into amino acids. Some fats pass into the blood, others become fatty acids and glycerol and pass into the lymph. Body-chemicals called enzymes help these digestive changes. In the small intestine, the now liquid food substances reach the bloodstream. Parts of the small intestine are lined with tiny 'fingers' called villi. These have extremely thin walls, through which the food substances pass into the small vessels of the bloodstream, the capillaries. Other substances pass into the lymph vessels.

The liver is the largest gland in the body, and plays an essential part in digestion. In it, some 500 chemical, processes take place. Through the hepatic portal vein, it receives most of the food substances from digestion. It stores some, and regulates the amount of food that enters the main part of the body's bloodstream.

The pancreas is a large gland. It is located behind the stomach. The pancreas produces hormones - insulin and glucagons. These hormones regulate metabolism of sugars and starches in the body.

The gall bladder is a greenish sac that stores bile.

3. Post-reading activities

3.1 Give the Ukrainian equivalents:

is broken down into substances; become sugars; are turned

into amino acids; pass into the blood; tiny 'fingers' called villi; the small vessels of the bloodstream; the largest gland in the body; the hepatic portal vein; regulates the amount of food.

3.2 Give the English equivalents:

перетворюються на жирні кислоти; в тонкому кішечнику; надзвичайно тонкі стінки; потрапляють в лімфотичні судини; найбільша залоза; відіграє важливу роль; розташована позаду шлунка; виробляє гормони.

3.3 Say if it true or false:

1. Carbohydrates become amino acids, and proteins are turned into sugars.

2. Body-chemicals called enzymes help these digestive changes.

3. In the large intestine, the now liquid food substances reach the bloodstream.

4. The liver plays an essential part in digestion.

5. Through the hepatic portal artery, it receives most of the food substances from digestion.

6. Insulin and glucagons regulate metabolism of sugars and starches in the body.

7. The gall bladder is a greyish sac that stores bile.

3.4 Answer the questions to the text:

1. What is food broken down into during digestion? 2. What do carbohydrates become? 3. Where do some fats pass into? 4. Where do the now liquid food substances reach the bloodstream? 5. What are parts of the small intestine lined with? 6. What is the largest gland in the body? 7. The pancreas is a large gland, isn't it? 8. What does the gallbladder store?