1.1 Read and memorize the words:

nutrients – поживні речовини

approximately – приблизно

cclotting – згортання

amarrow – кістковий мозок

erythrocytes – еритроцити liquid – рідкий

leucocytes – лейкоцити

thrombocytes (platelets) – тромбоцити

1.2 Match the words-combinations:

pumps blood кістковий мозок

waste products розподіляє речовини

body weight виробляє клітини

distributes the substances боротися з інфекцією

to fight infection перекачувати кров

bone marrow побічні продукти

produces cells вага тіла

2.Reading activities

2.1 Read and translate the text: blood

Blood is a mixture of two components: cells and plasma. The heart pumps blood through the arteries, capillaries and veins to provide oxygen and nutrients to every cell of the body. The blood also carries away waste products.

The adult human body contains approximately 5 liters of blood; it makes up 7 to 8 percent of a person's body weight. Approximately 2.75 to 3 liters of blood is plasma and the rest is the cellular portion.

Plasma is the liquid portion of the blood. Blood cells like red blood cells float in the plasma. Also dissolved in plasma are electrolytes, nutrients and vitamins (absorbed from the intestines or produced by the body), hormones, clotting factors, and proteins such as albumin and immunoglobulins (antibodies to fight infection). Plasma distributes the substances it contains as it circulates throughout the body.

The cellular portion of blood contains red blood cells (RBCs, erythrocytes), white blood cells (WBCs, leucocytes) and platelets (thrombocytes). There are 4,5 to 5 million erythrocytes, from 4,500 to 9,500 leucocytes and from 200,000 to 400,000 platelets in each cubic millimetre of blood. The RBCs carry oxygen from the lungs; the WBCs help to fight infection; and platelets are parts of cells that the body uses for clotting.

All blood cells are produced in the bone marrow. Bone marrow that actively produces blood cells is called red marrow, and bone marrow that no longer produces blood cells is called yellow marrow.

Human blood is divided into four groups: group AB, group A, group B, group 0.

3. Post-reading activities

3.1 Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents:

a mixture of two components; to provide oxygen and nutrients; the cellular portion; float in the plasma; absorbed from the intestines; circulates throughout the body; white blood cells; produced in the bone marrow.

3.2 Suggest the English equivalents:

клітини та плазма; тіло дорослої людини; рідка частина крові; червоні кров’яні клітини; продукуються організмом; переносять кисень від легенів; допомагають боротися з інфекцією; використовує для згортання; червоний кістковий мозок.

3.3 Answer the questions to the text:

1. What is blood? 2. What does the heart pump blood through? 3. How many liters of blood does the adult human body contain? 4. Is plasma a liquid or cellular portion of the blood? 5. What does the cellular portion of blood contain? 6. Where are all blood cells produced? 7. What bone marrow actively produces blood cells?

3.4 Say if it true or false:

1. Blood is a mixture of two components: cells and plasma.

2. The adult human body contains approximately 6 liters of blood.

3. Plasma is the cellular portion of the blood.

4. Also dissolved in plasma are electrolytes, nutrients and vitamins.

5. The WBCs carry oxygen from the lungs.

6. Platelets are parts of cells that the body uses for clotting.

7. All blood cells are produced in the bone marrow.