Grammar Past Perfect Passive

	Active	Passive
	had + Participle II	had + been + Participle II
Past	He had written a letter when I came in.	The letter had been written when I came in.

Exercise1 Перекладіть речення українською мовою, звертаючи увагу на стан дієслова:

1. My friend had translated this medical article before you came. 2. This text had been translated by 10 o’clock yesterday. 3. The doctor had already examined all his patients. 4. These patients had not been examined by 10 o’clock. 5. The old medical system had been modernized by 1993 year. 6. They had already rebuilt old hospitals and polyclinics.

Exercise 2 Складіть речення за таблицею

The hospital The nurses The injections The TV set The book

had been

repaired written built given trained

by that time. when I came. by 11 o’ clock

Самостійна робота №5

1. Read and translate the text: Rickets

Rickets is a condition that affects bone development in children. It causes the bones to become soft and malformed, which can lead to bone deformities. This causes deformities of the skeleton, such as bowed legs, curvature of the spine and thickening of the ankles, wrists and knees.

The most common cause of rickets is a lack of vitamin D and calcium. Vitamin D comes from foods such as oily fish and eggs and from sunlight on our skin. Vitamin D is essential for a child to form strong and healthy bones.

In rare cases, children can be born with a genetic form of rickets. It can also develop if another condition affects how vitamins and minerals are absorbed by the body.

Rickets can easily be prevented by eating a diet that includes vitamin D and calcium and spending some time in sunlight. The hands and face only need to be exposed to the sunlight a few times a week during spring and summer.

2. Answer the questions to the text:

1. What does rickets affect? 2. What is the most common cause of rickets? 3. Why is vitamin D essential for a child? 4. How can rickets be prevented? 5. How often do the hands and face need to be exposed to the sunlight?

polyclinics.

Lesson 9

Cardiovascular System

1. Pre- reading activities

1.1 Read the words and words-combinations and memorize

them:

Anatomic terms:

circulatory (cardiovascular) - кровоносний;

blood-кров; ventricle - шлуночок;

artery - артерія; valve - клапан (серця);

vein - вена; tricuspid valve - клапан тристулковий;

capillагу - капіляр; mitral valve - мітральний двостулковий aorta - аорта; клапан;

vessel - судина; chamber - порожнина (серця);

atrium - передсердя; lung - легеня;

heart - серце; fluid - рідина;

serum - сироватка; auricle - вушко передсердя;

corpuscle-тільце;

1.2 Match the words- combinations:

cardiovascular system мільйони крихітних тілець

a hollow muscle велике коло кровообігу

an upper chamber червона рідина

the lesser circulatory system серцево-судинна система

well-oxygenated blood порожнистий м’яз

the greater circulatory system верхня порожнина

a red fluid мале коло кровообігу

millions of minute bodies насичена киснем кров