Добавил:
Upload Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:
английский 1-13 урок.docx
Скачиваний:
5
Добавлен:
01.05.2025
Размер:
245 Кб
Скачать
☆

Blood vessel

The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system. They transport blood throughout the body. There are three major types of blood vessels: the arteries, the veins, the capillaries.

Arteries carry the blood away from the heart. Veins carry blood from the capillaries back toward the heart. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels. They provide the actual exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and the tissues. The arteries and veins have the same structure with three layers. There are various kinds of blood vessels. Aorta is the largest artery. It carries blood out of the heart. There are several branches of the aorta such as the carotid artery, the renal artery, the subclavian artery, etc.

Arterioles are small branches of the artery. They lead into many smaller vessels – the capillaries. Arterioles are the principal controllers of blood flow and pressure.

Vein is a large collecting vessel. The largest vein is vena cava. There are two of them: the inferior vena cava and the superior vena cava. The inferior vena cava receives blood from parts of the body below the diaphragm. The superior vena cava drains blood from the head, neck, thorax and arms. Both venae cavae carry blood into the heart.

Venule is a minute vessel. It drains blood from the capillaries. Many venules unite to form a vein. The blood pressure in blood vessels is traditionally measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). In the arterial system, this is usually around 120 mm Hg systolic and 80 mm Hg diastolic. These are recorded as 120 over 80. In contrast, pressures in the venous system are constantly 10 mm Hg.

XIII. Find the sentences in the text where the adjectives are used in the comparative or superlative degree. Render them from English into Russian.

XIV. Fill in the gaps using the given numbers:

120 2 3 10 80

  1. The arteries and veins have the structure with … layers.

  2. The systolic pressure in the arterial system is … mm Hg.

  3. The pressure in the venous system is … mm Hg.

  4. There are … venae cavae in the human body.

  5. In the arterial system diastolic pressure is … mm Hg.

XV. Translate the following words-combinations from Russian into English:

часть системы; типы сосудов; обмен воды; ветви аорты; контролер давления; миллиметры ртутного столба; части тела

XVI. Substitute English words for the Russian ones:

  1. There are two полая вена which are large вена.

  2. Oxygen-poor blood from the body течет to the heart через the Vena Cava.

  3. Верхняя Vena Cava returns blood from the верхние конечности.

  4. Нижняя Vena Cava returns blood from the нижняя часть of the body.

  5. The pulmonary артерия carries blood from the heart to the right and left легкое.

  6. The coronary arteries снабжают blood to the heart itself.

  7. Blood from the аорта passes into a branching system of arteries that ведут to различные parts of the body.

  8. Then blood flows into a system of капилляры where its обменные функции take place.