IV. Read the text The Human Body

Part I

Human anatomy is the study of the biological systems. The principal parts of the human body are head, neck, trunk, two arms (upper extremities) and two legs (lower extremities). There are 11 systems in the human body. The upper part of the trunk is the chest and the lower part is the abdomen. The principal organs in the chest are the lungs, the heart and the gullet (esophagus). Our body has different special organs such as the eyes, the ears and the nose. Our largest bone is the thigh bone. Our smallest bone is a tiny bone inside the ear. The adult body has: 100 trillion cells, 206 bones, 600 muscles and 22 internal organs. The average height of an adult human is about 5 to 6 feet tall.

Every square inch of the human body has about 19 million skin cells.

V. Find the word-combinations in the text and translate them into Russian:

a) adjectives (ending in –al) + noun

b) noun (as an attribute) + noun

VI. Form the adjective ending in –y and give their Russian equivalents:

heart , bone , skin , leg

VII. Match the words close in meaning:

tiny hip chest esophagus arm torso 7. leg

thigh gullet lower extremity very small trunk thorax upper extremity

VIII. Render from Russian English:

tiny: крошечная клетка, крошечная голова, очень маленькое туловище; крошечное сердце, крошечный нос; очень маленькая косточка

average: средний (нормальный) взрослый; средний рост; средний вес (weight) сердца, в среднем; средний размер головы

IX. Label the body parts in the picture:

X. Make the sentences complete:

1. The upper part of the trunk is …

2. The lower part of the trunk is …

3. The principal organs in the chest are…

4. The human body has 22…

5. The largest bone is…

6. The smallest bone in the human body is…

XI. Among the following numbers choose a correct

one to answer the questions:

22, 11, 19, 206,  100, 600, 2, 5-6

1. How many muscles has an adult body?

2. How many skin cells has a square inch of the human body?

3. How many internal organs are there in the body?

4. What is the average height of an adult human?

5. How many eyes has an average human?

6. How many systems are there in the human body?

7. How many bones has the adult body?

8. How many cells has the adult human body?

Part I. Anatomy. The Human Body. Lesson 2

1. Read the words according to the type of syllable

I	II	III
vital phase renal	distinct rest function transport then back from kidney	part organ portal portion nerve

II. It is essential to know that:

Ударение в многосложных словах часто падает на третий от конца слова слог. Гласная в ударном слоге читается как в закрытом слоге, даже если этот слог открытый: anatomy [ә′nætәmi]

Ударение всегда ставится перед ударным слогом

Read the following words

digestive, extremity, regimen, skeleton, medical, chemistry, intestine

! Remember

Словосложение является одним из способов образования новых слов:

head [hed] - голова + ache [eik] - боль = headache - головная боль. В составных существительных ударение обычно падает на первое слово: ′schoolboy

Read and translate the following (use dictionary if necessary):

• heartache; heartbeat; heartburn, heart-disease

• headache; headquarters, head-nurse

• cell-phone; chestnut; lungwort

! Remember

1. Суффикс -ly образует наречия в английском языке: hour [auә], час – hourly [′auәli] – ежечасно

Read and translate the following adverbs:

really; formally; badly; daily; monthly; yearly; normally; specially; weekly; partly; practically;

b) суффиксы –ary (-ery, -ory) [әri] образуют прилагательные : pulmonary [′pΛlmәnәri] – легочный

Read and translate the following adjectives:

elementary; ordinary; respiratory; primary; secondary; circulatory; coronary;

c) суффикс –ar является суффиксом прилагательного: cellular [′seljulә] – клеточный

Read and translate the following adjectives:

regular; muscular; vascular; alveolar;

d) суффикс -ic является суффиксом прилагательного образованного от основы существительного: diuretic [daijuә′retik] мочегонное средство

Read and translate the following adjectives:

plastic; basic; antibiotic; acidic; alcoholic; electric; dynamic; dystrophic; cosmetic; hypnotic; hygienic, glyceric; atmospheric; lymphatic; systemic; prophylactic; organic; inorganic