Добавил:
Upload Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:
английский 1-13 урок.docx
Скачиваний:
5
Добавлен:
01.05.2025
Размер:
245 Кб
Скачать

VIII. Read the text:

Human musculoskeletal system

A musculoskeletal system (also known as the locomotor system) is an organ system that gives animals (including humans) the ability to move using the muscular and skeletal systems. The musculoskeletal system provides form, support, stability, and movement to the body.

It is composed of the body's bones (the skeleton), muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissue that supports and binds tissues and organs together). The musculoskeletal system's primary functions include supporting the body, allowing motion, and protecting vital organs. The skeletal portion of the system serves as the main storage system for calcium and phosphorus and contains critical components of the hematopoietic system.

This system describes how bones are connected to other bones and muscle fibers via connective tissue such as tendons and ligaments. The bones provide the stability to a body in analogy to iron rods in concrete construction. Muscles keep bones in place and also play a role in movement of the bones. To allow motion, different bones are connected by joints. Cartilage prevents the bone ends from rubbing directly on to each other. Muscles contract to move the bone attached at the joint.

IX. Ask questions to the underlined words:

1. A musculoskeletal system gives humans the ability to move.

2. The musculoskeletal system provides form, support, stability, and movement to the body.

3. Connective tissue supports and binds tissues and organs together.

4. Its primary functions include supporting the body, allowing motion and protecting vital organs

5. The skeletal portion of the system serves as the main storage system for calcium and phosphorus.

X. Find ing-forms in the text and define their parts o speech.

XI. Make the sentences complete:

1. The bones provide… a) motion.

2. Muscles keep… b) tissues and organs together.

3. Joints allow… c) bones in place.

4. Cartilages prevent… d) the bones ends from rubbing.

5. Connective tissues e) the stability to a body

support and bind…

XII. Fill in the gaps with proper words given below:

Skeleton … the rigid framework of the … bones that gives form to the body, protects and … its soft organs and tissues, and provides … for muscles. It is a system of levers essential for … the 206 named bones of the body … the axial skeleton(of the head and trunk) and the appendicular skeleton(of the extremities)

serves as; attachment; composes; locomotion; supports; connected

XIII. Render from Russian into English:

Костный скелет человека составляет механический остов тела. Костная система определяет размеры и форму тела. Она выполняет в организме механические и биологические функции. Механические функции включают опору и движение тела, защиту внутренних органов и систем от внешних повреждений. Движение тела обеспечивается органами движения, такими как кости, их соединения (суставы) и мышцы. Движения, которые происходят в местах соединений костей, выполняется мышечной тканью, которая имеет способность активно сокращаться. Поэтому кости и их соединения составляют пассивную часть опорно-двигательного аппарата, а мышцы - активную часть. Биологическая функция костной системы - это поддержание обменных процессов в организме. Основная часть минеральных веществ человеческого организма запасается в скелете. Эти минеральные вещества принимают участие в тканевых обменных процессах всех органов и систем.