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английский 1-13 урок.docx
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VI. Fill in the gaps in the sentences using the words in the box:

starvation, rigid, namely, fuse, maturity, changing, find out

  1. Only one person can do this job, … you.

  2. Nobody could … … how to operate this apparatus.

  3. They will either die from the cold or of …

  4. These cells reach(достигают) … after a few weeks.

  5. Students must keep to the laboratory’s … rules.

  6. The egg and sperm … together as one cell.

  7. Human organism must have an ability to adapt to … conditions in order to survive.

VII. Find the words with the same suffixes belonging to one and the same part of speech:

starvation; maturity; namely; changeable; cavitary; lining; various; spongy; controversial; irregular; structure; connective

urinary; general; similar; rigidity; fatty; delicately; distinction; mixture; protective; responsible; chewing; dangerous; fusion

VIII. Master the pronunciation of the following words before reading the text:

energy [΄enədʒi]

erythrocyte [i΄riɵrosait]

leukocyte [ ΄lju:kosait]

platelet [΄pleitlet] – кровяная пластинка, тромбоцит

reservoir [΄resərwa:] – резервуар, хранилище, запас, источник

calcium [΄kælsiəm]

phosphorus [΄fɔsfərəs]

balance [΄bæləns]

sesamoid [΄sesəmɔid] bone – сесамовидная косточка

controversial [ˌkɔ:ntrə́΄və:∫əl] – спорный, противоречивый

IX. Read the text:

Bones.

Bone, although strong, is a constantly changing tissue that has several functions. Bones serve as rigid structures to the body and as a protection of delicate internal organs. They provide housing for the bone marrow, where the blood cells are formed. There are two distinctions of bone marrow, namely: yellow and red. The yellow marrow has fatty connective tissue and is found in the marrow cavity. During starvation, the body uses the fat in yellow marrow for energy. The red marrow of some bones is an important site for blood cell production. From the red marrow, erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets migrate to the blood.

Another function of bones is the storage of certain minerals. Bones maintain the body’s reservoir of calcium and phosphorus. This storage helps regulate mineral balance in the blood-stream.

There are five general classifications of bones. These are Long bones, Short bones, Flat bones, Irregular bones, and Sesamoid bones. The plates of the skull and the vertebrae are referred to as flat bones. Thighbones and arm bones are called long bones.

The number of bones in the human skeletal system is a controversial topic. Humans are born with about 300 to 350 bones. However, many bones fuse together between birth and maturity. As a result an average adult skeleton consists of 206 bones.

X. Substitute English words for the Russian ones:

Bone.

Bone is the hard соединительная tissue of which the скелет of most vertebrates формируется. It состоит of matrix of collagen fibres (30%) impregnated with bone salts (70%), mostly фосфат кальция, in which are embedded bone клетки. Bone в основном replaces embryonic хрящ and is of two sorts, а именно: compact bone and губчатая bone. The outer compact bone is formed as concentric слой that окружают small holes. The внутренняя spongy bone is chemically схожа(подобна) and составляет a network of bony bars. The spaces between bars may содержать костный мозг.