- •Протокол № 7 від 22 березня 2002 року. В. П. Макарь, о. Ж. Синєбрюхова, 2002
- •Передмова ………………………………………………………………………………………… 5
- •Передмова
- •Conjugation of the verb to be
- •1. Form
- •1. Complete the conversations using the words in the box.
- •6. Put the words in the right order and make sentences.
- •7. Complete the conversation. Use was and were.
- •8. Complete the sentences with am, is, are, was, or were.
- •9. Complete the sentences with the verb to be in the proper tense-form.
- •10. Translate into English, using the proper tense-form of the verb to be.
- •Present continuous
- •1. Form
- •1. Put the verb in brackets into the present continuous tense.
- •2. Write sentences that are true for you.
- •3. Put the words in the correct order to make questions in the Present Continuous.
- •4. Match a line in a with a line in b.
- •5. Correcting the mistakes. Each sentence has a mistake. Find it and correct it!
- •6. Complete these sentences using one of these verbs:
- •7. Translate into English.
- •Going to (I am going to do)
- •1. Form
- •1. Complete the sentences using going to and a verb or expression from the box.
- •2. Make questions for these sentences.
- •3. Answer the following questions with an infinitive of purpose and words from the box.
- •4. Going on holiday.
- •5. Match a country or a city with an activity. Check the meaning of new words with your teacher.
- •6. Use the following words to make full sentences about the future. Use going to.
- •7. Choose verbs from the box to complete the sentences. Put the verbs into the correct form. Use going to
- •8. Match the sentences on the left with the ones on the right.
- •9. Translate into English.
- •Present simple
- •1. Form
- •1. Complete the sentences. Use the present simple of the verbs in brackets.
- •2. Complete the questions in the present simple.
- •3. Make the following sentences negative. Then give the right information.
- •4. Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.
- •5. Write sentences to ask about the missing information.
- •6. Answer the questions about you. Use an adverb of frequency in your answer.
- •7. Correct the sentences.
- •7. Translate into English, using the verbs in the Present Indefinite Tense.
- •Present continuous and present simple
- •1. Choose the correct form.
- •2. Put one of the following auxiliaries into each gap.
- •3. Put the verbs in the correct form, Present Simple or Present Continuous.
- •4. Complete the pairs of sentences with the verb. Use the Present Simple for one and the Present Continuous for the other.
- •5. In the following sentences, one verb form is right and one is wrong. Choose the correct form.
- •6. Each sentence has a mistake. Find it and correct it.
- •7. Translate sentences into English, using Present Continuous or Present Indefinite.
- •Past simple
- •1. Form
- •1. Complete the text about James Dean. Use the past simple.
- •2. Complete the conversation. Use these verbs: win, meet, go, cost, stay, watch, buy, do, play.
- •3. Correct these statements, as in the example. Use the words in the box.
- •4. Put the words in the correct order to make questions. Then write true answers.
- •5. Make the positive verbs negative. Make the negative verbs positive.
- •6. Ask all possible questions about these sentences:
- •7. Write questions to ask about the missing information.
- •8. Translate into English.
- •Past continuous
- •1. Form
- •1. Here is a list of some things that Ann did yesterday (and the times at which she did them):
- •6. Use the words in brackets to ask the questions:
- •7. Choose the correct verb form in the following sentences.
- •8. Translate into English:
- •Present perfect simple
- •1. Form
- •1. Complete the sentences using the present perfect simple of the verbs in brackets.
- •2. Complete the sentences with gone or been
- •3. Put the words in brackets in the correct place in the sentences. Sometimes two answers are possible.
- •4. Complete the sentences using for or since
- •5. Put the correct form of the verb into these sentences.
- •6. Use the words below to make questions with ever and answer them.
- •7. Choose one of the adverbs in brackets and put it in the correct place in the sentence. Only one adverb in each pair is correct.
- •8. Make sentences about the following people.
- •9. Translate into English.
- •Present perfect and past simple
- •1. Complete the conversations using the present perfect or the past simple of the verb in brackets.
- •2. Put a word from the box into each gap.
- •3. In the following pairs of sentences, one verb form is right and one is wrong.
- •4. Read about Marco and choose the correct verb form.
- •5. In each of the following sentences there is one mistake. Find it and correct it.
- •6. Translate into English.
- •Future simple
- •1. Form
- •2. Complete the sentences using I’ll or I shan’t and the verbs in the box.
- •4. Decide which form of the verb is correct (or more natural) in these sentences.
- •5. In the following pairs of sentences, one verb form is right and one is wrong.
- •6. Make the following sentences negative. Change the ending to keep the meaning the same.
- •7. Translate into English.
- •When and if sentences
- •1. Put one verb in each sentence into the present simple and the other verb into the will / won’t form.
- •2. Your friend is going on holiday. Ask questions about it.
- •3. Put if or when into each gap.
- •4. Combine the following pairs of sentences using the words in brackets.
- •5. Match a line in a with a line in b.
- •6. In each of the following sentences there is one mistake. Find it and correct it.
- •7. Translate into English.
- •Past perfect simple
- •1. Form
- •1. Peter arrived late at different places yesterday. What had happened when he arrived at each place?
- •2. Complete these sentences using the verbs in brackets. You went back to your home town after many years and you found many things were different.
- •3. Complete these sentences as in the example. Use the verb in brackets.
- •4. Put the verbs into the correct form, past perfect or past simple.
- •5. Join the following pairs of sentences, using the conjunction in brackets. Change one verb form into the Past Perfect.
- •6. Choose the correct form.
- •7. In each of the following sentences there are two verbs in brackets. Put one in the Past Simple and one in the Past Perfect.
- •8. Translate into English.
- •Present perfect continuous
- •1. Form
- •1. Complete the sentences. Use the present perfect continuous.
- •2. Match a line in a with a line in b.
- •3. Now you have to say how long something has been happening.
- •4. You have to ask questions with how long.
- •5. Make up questions to which the underlined words are the answers.
- •6. Complete the following sentences adding to them adverbial modifiers beginning with for or since as in the example.
- •7. Respond to the following questions.
- •8. Translate into English.
- •Present perfect continuous and present perfect simple
- •1. Compare:
- •1. Choose the correct form.
- •2. In this exercise you have to read the situation and then write two sentences, one with the present perfect simple and one with the present perfect continuous.
- •3. In this exercise you have to put the verb into the correct form, present perfect simple or present perfect continuous.
- •4. Are these sentences right or wrong? Correct the ones which are wrong.
- •5. This time you have to write questions with how long?
- •6. In this exercise you have to read a sentence and then write another sentence with since or for.
- •7. Choose the correct verb form.
- •8. Put the verb in brackets in the correct tense, Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
- •9. Make questions using the prompts.
- •10. Translate into English.
- •Past perfect continuous
- •1. Form
- •1. Complete the sentences using the past perfect continuous of the verbs in brackets.
- •2. Join each idea in a with an idea from b. Make sentences using the past perfect continuous of the verbs in brackets.
- •3. In this exercise you have to read a situation and then write a sentence.
- •4. In this exercise you have to read a situation and then write a sentence.
- •5. Put the verb into the correct form, past perfect continuous or past continuous.
- •6. Complete the following sentences.
- •7. Translate into English.
- •Future continuous
- •1. Form
- •1. Lynne Carter is going from London to Manchester on Business tomorrow. Look at Lynne’s plans.
- •3. This time you have to ask questions with Will you be … ing?
- •4. Turn the following statements into questions:
- •5. Use Future Continuous in the following questions:
- •6. Restate the following statements using Future Continuous.
- •7. Complete the following sentences using Future Continuous.
- •8. Use the verbs in brackets in Future Indefinite or Future Continuous.
- •9. Translate into English.
- •Future perfect
- •1. Form
- •2. In this exercise you have to use will have done.
- •3. Ann’s very ambitious. These are the things she believes she will be doing or will have done by the time she is forty. Put each resolution into either the Future Continuous or Future Perfect.
- •5. Complete the sentence, using the verbs in brackets in an appropriate future form: Future Indefinite, Future Continuous, Future Perfect.
- •6. Translate into English.
- •Review of tenses
- •1. Complete the sentences using a suitable present or past form of the verbs in brackets.
- •2. Choose the correct form.
- •3. In the following sentences, there are some mistake in tense usage. Find them and correct them.
- •4. Chose the correct form.
- •5. Use these words to make the sentences in a story. Put the verbs into a suitable present or past form.
- •6. Choose the correct or most suitable answer – a or b
- •7. There are mistakes in some of these sentences. Find the mistakes and correct them.
- •8. Translate into English.
- •To be able to
- •May, might
- •Requests can, could, may
- •Have to
- •In my country
- •Review of modal verbs
- •The passive voice
- •Indefinite
- •I. Translate into English using the verbs in Past Indefinite Active or Past Indefinite Passive.
- •II. Translate into English using the verbs in Present, Past or Future Indefinite Passive.
- •III. Open the brackets using the verbs in Present, Past or Future Indefinite Passive.
- •IV. Translate into English using the verbs in Present Indefinite Active or Present Indefinite Passive.
- •V. Translate into English using the verbs in Past Indefinite Active or Past Indefinite Passive.
- •VI. Translate into English using the verbs in Future Indefinite Active or Future Indefinite Passive.
- •Compare:
- •Remember this short joky story:
- •Remember these sentences:
- •VII. Change the following sentences into the Passive Voice paying attention to the place of the preposition.
- •VIII. Translate into English using verbs in Present, Past or Future Indefinite Passive.
- •IX. Change the following sentences into the Passive Voice.
- •Remember:
- •X. Change the following sentences into the Passive Voice.
- •XI. Translate into English using the Passive Infinitive after modal verbs.
- •XII. Open the brackets using the verbs in the Passive Voice.
- •XIII. Open the brackets using the verbs in the Active or Passive Voice.
- •XIV. Underline the correct verb form, active or passive, in the following sentences.
- •XV. Put the verb in brackets in the correct tense-form. They are all in the passive.
- •XVI. Answer the following questions in accordance with the example.
- •XVII. Change the following sentences into the passive voice using the underlined words as the grammatical subject. Use a by-phrase where indicated.
- •XVIII. Change the following sentences into the Passive Voice.
- •XIX. Change the following sentences into the Passive Voice.
- •XX. Change the following sentences into the Active Voice. Use any suitable subjects.
- •XXI. Open the brackets using the verbs in the Passive Voice.
- •XXII. Open the brackets using the verb in the correct voice and tense-form:
- •XXIII. Translate from Ukrainian into English using the Passive Voice:
- •Conditional sentences (II, III)
- •Wish sentences (present)
- •Conditional sentences (III) (Past)
- •Wish sentences (past)
- •Review of Conditionals
- •Sequence of tenses
- •Sequence of Tenses
- •Sequence of Tenses
- •Direct and reported speech
- •Indirect Commands
- •Pay attention to the following constructions in direct and in reported speech
- •The participle
- •Functions of Participle in the Sentence
- •The Participle Constructions
- •The infinitive
- •Functions of the Infinitive in the Sentence
- •The complex object
- •1. Complex Object is used with to
- •2. Complex Object is used without to
- •The complex subject
- •In this exercise you have to read a sentence and then write another sentence with the same meaning.
- •The gerund
- •Functions of the gerund in the sentence
- •The usage of the Gerund and of the Infinitive
- •Verbs that are always followed by the infinitive.
- •Verbs that are always followed by the gerund.
- •2. Irregular plurals
- •Compound nouns
- •Countable and uncountable nouns
- •1. Nouns can be countable or uncountable:
- •Exercise 5
- •Instead of possessive pronouns use the noun in the Possessive Case.
- •Exercise 6
- •Exercise 7
- •Mary: Don’t worry. There’s plenty of (3) ____________________ in the car.
- •Articles: a / an and the Form and pronunciation
- •No article
- •2. Common expressions without an article
- •Place – names with and without the
- •1. Place – names without the
- •2. Place-names with the
- •Possessive case
- •4. Double possessive
- •Much, many, a lot of, (a) little, (a) few
- •2. Much, many, a lot (of)
- •(A) little, (a) few
- •Personal pronouns (Subject pronouns)
- •Subject pronouns (nominative case)
- •Possessive pronouns
- •Insert personal pronouns, in the necessary case.
- •Possessive pronouns (Absolute forms)
- •Personal pronouns (Object pronouns)
- •Review of personal pronouns
- •Demonstrative pronouns
- •Indefinite pronouns
- •The indefinite personal pronoun. One, ones
- •Reflexive pronouns
- •Review of pronouns
- •Interrogative pronouns
- •Quantitative pronouns
- •Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs
- •I. Form the comparative and superlative of the following adjectives and adverbs.
- •II. Use the comparative or superlative of the words in brackets
- •III. Compare the following
- •IV. Complete these sentences. Each time use the comparative form of one of the following adjectives or adverbs:
- •VI. This exercise is similar but this time you also have to use a bit / a little / much / a lot / far. Use than where necessary.
- •VII. Complete these sentences using these words: better worse further older elder
- •VIII. In this exercise you have to use the structure …and …
- •IX. In this exercise you have to write sentences with the…the… . Choose a half-sentence from box a to go with a half-sentence from box b.
- •X. Rewrite these sentences so that they have the same meaning. Begin as shown.
- •XI. Complete these sentences using just as with one of the following words:
- •XII. In this exercise you have to complete sentences using as…as
- •XIII. You have to make sentences with the same as.
- •XIV. Put as or than into each gap.
- •XV. Complete the sentences with a superlative and preposition.
- •XVI. Read these sentences and then write a new sentence with the same meaning. Use a superlative each time and begin each sentence as shown.
- •XVII. Now here are some questions for you to answer. But first you have to write the questions using the words in brackets. Then answer them.
- •XVIII. Complete the sentences using the superlative form of the adjective.
- •XIX. One sentence has a mistake. Choose the correct sentence. Put V and X.
- •XX. Translate into English.
- •Рекомендована література
- •Практична граматика англійської мови
- •18028, М. Черкаси, вул.. Смілянська, 120/1
The infinitive
The Infinitive is a non-finite of the verb which names an action.
1) Forms of the Infinitive
|
Active |
Passive |
Indefinite (Simple) |
to write |
to be written |
Continuous |
to be writing |
-------- |
Perfect |
to have written |
to have been written |
Perfect Continuous |
to have been writing |
-------- |
The Indefinite Infinitive is used:
a) if the action it expresses is simultaneous with that of the finite verb.
I am glad to see you. Я радий вас бачити.
b) with verbs denoting hope, intention, etc.
I hope to see you on Monday. Я сподівалась побачитися з вами в понеділок.
I want to make a report. Я хочу зробити доповідь.
The Continuous Indefinite expresses an action on its progress simultaneous with that of the finite verb.
The man seemed to be listening.
Здавалося, що чоловік слухає.
The Perfect Infinitive expresses an action prior to that of the finite verb.
I am glad to have seen him.
Я рад, що побачив його.
The Perfect Continuous Infinitive expresses an action which lasted during a certain period of time before the action denoted by the finite verb.
I am happy to have been living in Kiev for 25 years.
Я щасливий, що 25 років живу в Києві.
As a rule the infinitive is used with the particle to. Negative form of the Infinitive is formed by means of particle not which is placed before the Infinitive.
He was told not to book tickets for the eleven o’clock train.
Його попросили не замовляти квитки на одинадцятигодинний поїзд.
If two infinitives are connected by the conjunction and or or, the particle to is placed only before the first infinitive.
Are you going to phone Bill and invite him to the concert?
Ви збираєтесь подзвонити Білу та запросити його на концерт?
Functions of the Infinitive in the Sentence
1. Subject |
To read aloud is very useful. |
Читати вголос дуже корисно. |
2. a Part of the compound verbal predicate |
Our aim is to master English. |
Наша мета – оволодіти англійською мовою. |
3. Object |
He likes to draw. |
Він любить малювати. |
4. Attribute |
Here is the article to be translated. |
Ось стаття, яку потрібно перекласти. |
5. Adverbial modifier |
I came to help you. |
Я прийшов допомогти вам. |
The Infinitive is used without the particle to:
a) after modal verbs except ought, to have, to be;
b) after the verbs to make and to let;
c) in Complex Object after verbs of sense perception (to see, to hear, to feel, etc);
d) after the expressions had better, would sooner, would rather.
Exercise 1
Write various forms of the Infinitive.
a) Infinitive Passive (to translate – to be translated).
to receive, to defend, to defeat, to tell, to write, to read, to do.
b) Continuous Active (to translate – to be translating).
to develop, to make, to discuss, to look, to give, to take, to examine, to watch, to enter.
c) Perfect Passive (to translate – to have been translated).
to send, to finish, to teach, to arrest, to offer, to attack, to make, to do.
d) Perfect Continuous (to translate – to have been translating).
to live, to work, to tell, to teach, to discuss, to look through.
Exercise 2
Put in the participle “to” before the infinitive, where it is necessary.
I like … play the guitar.
My brother can … speak French.
We had … put on our overcoats because it was cold.
They wanted … cross the river.
It is high time for you … go to bed.
May I … use your telephone?
They heard the girl … cry out with joy.
I would rather … stay at home today.
He did not want … play the piano any more.
Would you like … go to England?
You look tired. You had better… go home.
I wanted … speak to Nick, but could not … find his telephone number.
It is time … get up.
Let me … help you.
I was planning … do a lot of things yesterday.
I’d like … speak to you.
I think I shall be able … solve this problem.
What makes you … think you are right?
I shall do all I can … help you.
I like … dance.
I’d like …dance.
She made me … repeat my words several times.
I saw him … enter the room.
She did not let her mother … go away.
Do you like … listen to good music?
Would you like … listen to good music?
That funny scene made me … laugh.
Exercise 3
Transform these sentences according to the model.
a) Model: The director had many questions which he could discuss.
The director had many questions to discuss.
I have no books which I can read.
Is there anybody who will help you with your spelling?
Have you got anything that you want to say on this subject?
There was nothing that he could do except go home.
I have only a few minutes in which I can explain these words to you.
I have an examination which I must take soon, so I can’t go to the theatre with you.
Here is something which will warm you up.
Here are some more facts which will prove that your theory is correct.
Here are some articles which must be translated for tomorrow.
I have brought you a book which you can read now, but be sure and return it by Saturday.
Soon we found that there was another complicated problem that we were to consider.
Exercise 4
Transform these sentences according to the model.
Model: He is so old that he cannot skate.
He is too old to skate.
The problem is so difficult that it is impossible to solve it.
The box is so heavy that nobody can carry it.
The baby is so little that it cannot walk.
He is so weak that he cannot lift this weight.
She is so busy that she cannot talk with you.
She was so inattentive that she did not notice the mistake.
He was so stupid that he did not see the joke.
She has got so fat that she cannot wear this dress now.
The window was so dirty that they could not see through it.
Exercise 5
Transform these sentences according to the model.
Model: He is so sorry that he has said it.
He is sorry to have said it.
She was sorry that she had missed the beginning of the concert.
I am glad that I see all my friends here.
We must wait till we hear the examination results.
She is happy that she has found such a nice place to live in.
He hopes that he will know everything by tomorrow.
It is certain that it will rain if you don’t take your umbrella.
Don’t promise that you will do it, if you are not sure that you can.
He was happy that he was praised by everybody.
He was very proud that he had helped his elder brother.
Exercise 6
Combine the two sentences as in the models.
Models: I teach English here. I am glad of it. – I am glad to teach English here.
We helped him. We are happy about it. – We are happy to have helped him.
I was examined yesterday. I am glad of it. – I am glad to have been examined yesterday.
A 1. I work at the factory. I am happy about it. 2. I see you. I am glad of it. 3. I study French. I am glad of it. 4. I live in this town. I am happy about it. 5. I know this man. I am happy about it.
B 1. I am going to Paris. I am happy about it. 2. I am spending my holidays in the Crimea. I am happy about it. 3. I am listening to the symphony. I am glad of it. 4. I am reading his letter. I am glad of it. 5. I am playing chess with you. I am glad of it.
C 1. I spent my holidays in the Caucasus. I am happy about it. 2. He played chess with the world champion. He is happy about it. 3. I bathed (swam) in the river. I am glad of it. 4. I learned English at school. I am glad of it. 5. I passed my examination yesterday. I am glad of it.
D 1. I don’t understand this rule. I am sorry about it. 2. I am not working there now. I am sorry about it. 3. I have not seen this film. I am sorry about it. 4. She has not been working all these years. She is sorry about it. 5. Peter didn’t see her. He is sorry about it.
E 1. She was not invited to the evening party. She is sorry of it. 2. We are taught English. We are glad of it. 3. I was waked early this morning. I am glad of it. 4. I was not informed of it. I am sorry about it. 5. I am not allowed to go there. I am sorry about it.
Exercise 7
Respond to these questions according to the models.
a) Will John take part in the meeting? Yes, he’s certain to take part in it.
1. Will he apologize to his mother?
2. Will they confirm the reservation?
3. Will he fix the clock?
4. Will the performance be a success?
b) Do you know Mr. Green? Yes, I happen to know him.
Does Jim know who’s won the game?
Did you meet the Smiths in Paris?
Did you see James Burton play golf?
Did you see the new French film?
c) Does she know Mr. Brown? / to have met him before/ No, she doesn’t seem to have met him before.
Does she know his last novel? (to have read it).
Have they heard the news? (to have heard it).
Does she know he was wrong? (to realize it).
Does he know geography well? (to be good at it).
Exercise 8
Put the verb in brackets the required form of the Infinitive.
1. He seems (to read) a lot. 2. He seems (to read) now. 3. He seems (to read) since morning. 4. He seems (to read) all the books in the library. 5. I want (to take) you to the concert. 6. I want (to take) to the concert by my father. 7. She hoped (to help) her friends. 8. She hoped (to help) by her friends. 9. I hope (to see) you soon. 10. We expect (to be) back in two days. 11. He expected (to help) by the teacher. 12. The children seem (to play) since morning. 13. I am glad (to do) all the homework yesterday. 14. She seems (to work) at this problem ever since she came here. 15. I am sorry (to break) your pen. 16. I hate (to bother) you, but the students are still waiting (to give) books for their work. 17. Is there anything else (to tell) her? I believe she deserves (to know) the state of her sick brother.18. I consider myself lucky (to be) to that famous exhibition and (to see) so many wonderful paintings. 19. You seem (to look) for trouble. 20. Perhaps it would upset her (to tell) the truth of the matter. 21. They are supposed (to work) at the problem for the last two months. 22. They seemed (to wait) for ages.
Exercise 9
Translate into English, using the required form of the Infinitive.
1. Я радий, що розповів вам цю історію. 2. Я радий, що мені розповіли цю історію. 3. Ми дуже щасливі, що запросили його на вечір. 4. Ми дуже щасливі, що нас запросили на вечір. 5. Я шкодую, що спричинив вам стільки занепокоєння. 6. Мені дуже шкода, що я пропустив цю цікаву лекцію. 7. Вона рада, що була присутня на лекції. 8. Я тільки хочу, щоб мені дозволили допомогти вам. 9. Він був щасливий, що повернувся додому. 10. Він був щасливий, що знову вдома. 11. Вивчати дві іноземних мови одночасно важко. 12. Незрозуміло, як вирішувати цю проблему. 13. Напевно, що мій друг прийде сьогодні. 14. Цю статтю легко зрозуміти. 15. Я був щасливий, що мені запропонували цю роботу. 16. Некорисно обговорювати це питання. 17. Було неможливо врятувати його. 18. Жити означає створювати. 19. Він першим прийшов сюди. 20. Він повинен заробляти собі на життя. 21. Він примусив їх працювати.