Sequence of Tenses

Principal Clause			Subordinate (Object) Clause
I (He) (She) (They) (We)	knew supposed said	that	he drew well. he was drawing in the room. he had drawn his brother’s portrait. he had been drawing since morning. he had drawn well in his childhood. he had drawn the picture by the end of the week. he had been drawing the picture. he had been drawing the picture for a week before he showed it to us. he would draw a new picture. he would be drawing all day long. he would have drawn the picture by the end of the week.
Переклад:
Я (Він) (Вона) (Вони) (Ми)	знав припускав сказав	що	він гарно малює. він малює у сусідній кімнаті. він намалював портрет брата. він малює з ранку. він добре малював у дитинстві. він намалював картину до кінця тижня. він малював картину. він малював картину цілий тиждень, перш ніж показав її нам. він буде малювати нову картину. він буде малювати цілий день. він намалює картину до кінця тижня.

Exercise 1

Translate into Ukrainian, paying attention to the usage of tenses in Ukrainian and English:

1. I knew that you were ill. 2. I knew that you had been ill. 3. We found that she left home at eight o’clock every morning. 4. We found that she had left home at eight o’clock that morning. 5. When he learnt(learned) that his son always received excellent marks in all the subjects at school, he was very pleased. 6. When he learnt that his son had received an excellent mark at school, he was very pleased. 7. We did not know where our friends went every evening. 8. We did not know where our friends had gone. 9. She said that her best friend was a doctor. 10. She said that her best friend had been a doctor. 11. I didn’t know that you worked at the Hermitage. 12. I didn’t know that you had worked at the Hermitage.

Exercise 2

Write the sentences in the Past tense, paying attention to the sequence of tenses:

1. Nick says he is going to the hotel to see his friends, who have just arrived in St. Petersburg from the United States of America. 2. He says they have not been here for a long time. 3. He says they were friends at school. 4. He says he will take them to the theatre on Sunday. 5. They say they will write me a letter when they return home. 6. Mike says he is sure Ann and Kate will be excellent guides. 7. He says they have made good progress in English. 8. Oleg says that in a day or two several English students will come to pay a visit to their school and he will probably have to act as interpreter. 9. Ann says she has just met Boris in the street. 10. She says Boris told her a lot of interesting things about his travels in the south.

Exercise 3

Choose the correct form of the verb given in brackets:

1. He said he (is staying, was staying) at the “Ritz” Hotel. 2. They realized that they (lost, had lost) their way in the dark. 3. He asked me where I (study, studied). 4. I thought that I (shall finish, should finish) my work at the that time. 5. He says he (works, worked) at school two years ago. 6. Victor said he (is, was) very busy. 8. My friend asked me who (is playing, was playing) the piano in the sitting-room. 9. He said he (will come, would come) to the station to see me off. 10. I was sure he (posted, had posted) the letter. 11. I think the weather (will be, would be) fine next week. I hope it (will not change, would not change) for the worse. 12. I knew that he (is, was) a very clever man. 13. I want to know what he (has bought, had bought) for her birthday. 14. I asked my sister to tell me what she (has seen, had seen) at the museum.

Exercise 4

Put the verb in brackets into the correct form:

1. He said he (to leave) tomorrow morning. 2. She says she already (to find) the book. 3. He stopped and listened: the clock (to strike) five. 4. She said she (can) not tell me the right times, her watch (to be) wrong. 5. I asked my neighbour if he ever (to travel) by air before. 6. The policeman asked George where he (to run) so early. 7. The delegates were told that the guide just (to go) out and (to be) back in ten minutes. 8. I knew they (to wait) for me at the metro station and I decided to hurry. 9. I didn’t know that you already (to wind) up the clock. 10. I was afraid that the little girl (not to be) able to unlock the front door and (to go) upstairs to help her. 11. He says that he (to know) the laws of the country. 12. Sarie understood why Lanny (not to come) the previous evening. 13. She asked me whether I (to remember) the legend about a faithful lion. 14. He understood that the soldiers (to arrest) him. 15. He could not understand why people (not to want) to take water from that well. 16. I suppose they (to send) a dog after the burglar immediately.

Exercise 5

Ask your groupmates and then say what they answered:

Model: Ask your groupmate if he (she) speaks English well. – Do you speak English well? – Yes, I do. I speak English well. – He said that he spoke English well.

Ask your groupmates:

1. if he studies mathematics; 2. if he goes in for sports; 3. if he will go to the cinema this evening; 4. if he is tired; 5. if he likes to play volley-ball; 6. if he drank tea for breakfast; 7. if he will go skiing today; 8. when he does his homework; 9. if he played chess with his friend; 10. where he bought his bag; 11. at what time he gets up; 12. if he has brought his English textbook to school; 13. if he plays the piano; 14. if he is hungry; 15. if he has read the novel.

Exercise 6

Translate into English:

1. Вона каже, що її мати працює в коледжі. 2. Вона сказала, що її мати працює в коледжі. 3. Він каже, що його батько працював на фабриці. 4. Він сказав, що його батько працював на фабриці. 5. Він каже, що влітку поїде до моря. 6. Він сказав, що влітку він поїде до моря. 7. Вона думала, що ви подзвоните їй. 10. Вони думали, що я знаю французьку мову. 11. Вона сказала, що їй подобається фільм. 12. Ми знаємо, що концерт вам сподобається. 13. Ми знали, що концерт вам сподобається. 14. Я думав, що ти зайнятий. 15. Ми знаємо, що ти зайнятий. 16. Він запитав мене, де я купив цей підручник. 17. Ми не знали, що вона хвора. 18. Він сказав, що він був в Парижі в січні 1970 року. 19. Учні знали, що Т. Г. Шевченко народився в 1814 р.

Exercise 7

Read and translate the following sentences:

1. The secretary said that the British businessmen had come to meet the president. 2. She said that the President was going through the mail. 3. The director of the office let us know that we must be ready for the talks with British businessmen. 4. I didn’t hear that you had made an appointment with the firm for 10 o’clock. 5. I thought that they would clear up some points in the firm’s offer during the talks. 6. In a letter to my friend I wrote that I was very sorry he couldn’t come to Moscow for a holiday. 7. My sister let me know that she was going to leave for Petersburg soon.

Exercise 8

Complete the following sentences:

1. We knew that … . 2. They were afraid that … . 3. Mr. Orlov asked the secretary when … . 4. She didn’t tell us where … . 5. The representative of the firm said that … . 6. They wrote when … . 7. I thought that … . 8. He believed that … . 9. We were glad that … . 10. The other day I read that … . 11. We hoped that … . 12. I didn’t know who … .

Exercise 9

Translate the following sentences:

1. Він сказав, що купить квитки на цю виставу. 2. Він сказав, що він купив квитки на цю виставу. 3. Він сказав, що він часто купує квитки в театр в театральній касі міністерства. 4. Я боявся, що ви не зайдете за мною. 5. В листі вона написала, що збирається провести відпустку в Криму. 6. Я не знав, що він добре уміє кататися на ковзанах. 7. Директор запитав мене, коли будуть готові всі необхідні матеріали для контракту. 8. Фірма вчора повідомила, що вони не можуть знизити свої ціни. 9. Представник фірми сказав, що наші умови поставки не прийнятливі для них. 10. Ми не знали, що на їх товари широкого вжитку великий попит. 11. Він сказав, що він повинен з’ясувати деякі питання під час переговорів з фірмою. 12. Секретар сказав, що директор (менеджер) ще проводить переговори з покупцями.

Exercise 10

Translate the following sentences:

1. Містер Орлов сказав, що він скоро від’їжджає у відрядження за кордон. 2 – До якого аеропорту прибувають зараз літаки з Англії? – Я не знаю. В минулому році вони прибували в аеропорт Шереметьєва. 3. Містер Іванов повідомив нам, що вони цими днями заключили контракт на хімічне устаткування з однією з німецьких фірм. 4. Літак ще не вилетів, коли ми поїхали з аеропорту. 5. Пасажир сказав, що він вже пройшов митний контроль і чекає об’яви про посадку на літак. 6. Ми не знали, які речі підлягають обкладанню митом, і вирішили запитати про це робітника митниці. 7. Містер Носов отримав вказівку зв’язатися з фірмою Паттерсон і взнати, коли вони можуть відгрузити товар. 8. Хоч ми відправили фірмі свої каталоги і прейскуранти 2 тижня тому ми ще не отримали від них відповіді. 9. – В якій фірмі ви збираєтесь розмістити замовлення на хімічне устаткування? – В фірмі “Бейкер і сини”. Вони крупні (big) експортери хімічного устаткування. 10. – Скільки часу нам потрібно, щоб дістатися до аеропорту на автомобілі? – Я думаю, півгодини. 11. Вчора я замовив квитки в Художній театр. Там йде нова вистава. Я багато чув про неї і мені дуже хочеться подивитися її. 12. Скільки рейсів щоденно буває на Петербург?