XIV. Choose the Russian translation of the following:

1. acts of sale and purchase 1. разби(ва)ть на куски

2. in terms of money 2. средство накопления

3. to break into pieces 3. служить средством

4. to a certain extent 4. средство обращения

5. means of accumulation 5. фондовая биржа

6. to serve as a means of 6. до определенной степени

7. means of circulation 7. акты продажи и купли

8. stock exchange 8. в денежном выражении

UNIT 10

Grammar: The Compound Sentences.

Word Building: Compounding.

Text A: Business Letters.

Text B: English of Commerce.

A. FOR STUDY

The Compound Sentences /Сложносочиненные предложения/

Этот тип сложного предложения может включать в свой состав два или несколько самостоятельных предложений, соединяющихся друг с другом сочинительными союзами and, but, or и др. Нередко можно встретить бессоюзное соединение предложений (clauses) в сложносочиненном предложении.

Примеры:

Geography begins and ends with maps, and the Siberian geographers did not depart from this tradition.

Commodities thus must meet certain needs or be useful in some way or other, or no one would buy them.

They will go to the Caucasus next summer, but I’ll stay at home.

They will go to the Caucasus next summer; I’ll stay at home.

1. Grammar Exercises

1. Read the sentences; state the compound and complex sentences. Translate them.

1. Everybody knows the mountains (горы) and lakes (озера) in Wales, but not many people know about this interesting old slate (сланец) mine in North Wales.

2. The old slate mine has 67 kilometres of tunnels, and you can travel through them in a special train.

3. There is a museum where you can see all the old mining machinery.

4. In the old miner’s cottages you can see how people lived more than 100 years ago.

2. Find the subject in the following sentences. Translate them.

1. History has a direction. There are setbacks, there are zigs and zags, there are stages of uneven development, there are moments of retrogression, but they take place within the overall framework of advancing from a lower social structure to a step up the ladder (лестница).

2. Commodities must meet certain needs or be useful in some way or other, or no one would buy them.

3. In some countries foreign trade is a state monopoly, and no private individual may engage in it in his own name and on his own account.

4. The economic sphere is a decisive one, for only by building a truly independent economy of its own a country can achieve genuine independence.

2. Word Building Exercises

3. Memorize the following:

Многие слова в английском языке являются составными, т.е. образуются путем соединения двух слов в одно слово. Некоторые составные слова пишутся слитно, а другие через черточку (дефис).

Примеры:

Составные существительные:

bedroom, railway, newspaper, schoolboy, spaceship, waterway, etc.

Составные прилагательные:

dark-blue (темно-синий), first-class (первоклассный),

peace-loving (миролюбивый), etc.

Составные местоимения:

somebody, nothing, everyone, anything, etc.

Составные глаголы:

to whitewash (белить), to broadcast (передавать по радио),

to pick up (поднимать), to ring up, to go on, etc.

Составные наречия:

somewhere (где-то), nowhere (нигде), everywhere (везде), etc.