Word Combinations and Phrases

to give detailed information – предоставлять подробную информацию

with great care – с большой тщательностью

a small proportion of the population – незначительная часть населения

a number of advantages – ряд преимуществ

2. Reading comprehension

IX. Read Тext a.

Text A. Sampling

The Sampling Process. Instead of obtaining data from the whole of the material being investigated, sampling methods are often used in which only a sample selected from the whole is dealt with, and from this sample conclusions are drawn relating to the whole. If the conclusions are to be valid, the sample must therefore be made with great care.

The Advantages of Using Sampling Methods. There are a number of advantages to be gained by using sampling methods. Among these advantages may be enumerated the following:

1. The results can be obtained more quickly, for two reasons: the data are obtained more rapidly and can be analysed more quickly. Speed in analysing the data is also possible by analysing a sample of the data before analysing the whole. The analysis of a 1% sample of the last population census was such an example.

2. When the respondents constitute only a small proportion of the population, they are more willing to give detailed information, and because fewer interviewers are required, a much higher quality of interviewer can be employed.

3. Higher-grade labour can be employed on the computing, tabulating, and analysis of the data.

4. Lower costs.

5. The error can be assessed.

6. It is easier to guard against incomplete and inaccurate returns. A sample is often used as a check on the accuracy of complete censuses.

7. When the investigation entails the destruction of the material – e.g. to discover the life of a lamp – sampling methods are the only practical methods to use.

10. Find the passages in the text where the following ideas are expressed:

1. Sampling methods provide advantages such as the speed in analysing the data in obtaining the information about the whole.

2. By using sampling methods one more advantage is gained. It is the detailed information to be obtained and a more higher quality of inteviewer can be employed.

3. A sample is often used as a check on the accuracy of complete censuses.

4. Sampling methods are known to be the only practical methods when the investigation entails the destruction.

10. Read text b and choose the sentence which best expresses the main idea of the text.

1. The people of Moscow, Idaho, grow a rich harvest of maize, peas and potatoes.

2. Many people from Europe went to America to start a new life.

3. People of different nationalities, including Russians and Ukrainians, settled in a new place of the USA and named the new towns in honour of the places where they had been born.

Text B. Moscow, Idaho

In the USA there are many cities, towns and villages which are namesakes not only of Moscow or Odessa in the USSR, but also of London, Paris, Rome, Geneva and so on. In the USA, for example, there are big- and small-populated places in many states which have the name of Moscow. One such Moscow is the administrative in Idaho. How did these namesakes of European cities come to the American continent? In the 1880 a lot of people from Europe went to America to start a new life. People of different nationalities, including Russians and Ukrainians, settled in a new place but they did not forget their home towns and villages. They named the new villages and towns in honour of the places where they had been born.

Many people from Europe went to the Rocky Mountains in search of gold and they called one of the settlements Moscow. Earlier that area had been populated by Indians. Today Moscow, Idaho, is a nice town, situated among green hills. Americans call it a students home, because almost 50 per cent of the population are students. The University of Moscow, Idaho, founded in 1889, stands on a hill. The University’s library is one of the best in the USA and has a collection of interesting books on American history. The people of Moscow, Idaho, grow a rich harvest of maize, peas and potatoes. It also has a developed industry and produces lead, copper, silver and other metals.