1. Read the following words and word combinations and try to memorize them:

collection [ k’lek()n] n денежный сбор; коллекция; собрание (трудов)

confuse [kn’fju:z] v смешивать, спутывать; приводить в замешательство

connect [k’nekt] v соединять; связывать (ся), ассоциировать

connected [k’nektid] a связанный, соединенный

disentangle [ ‘disin’tægl] v распутывать (ся); впутываться

inexact [, inig’zækt] a неточный

intelligible [in’telid3bl] a понятный; вразумительный

judgement [‘d3d3mnt] n суждение, мнение; здравый смысл, рассудительность

numerous [‘nju:mr()s] a многочисленный

precise [pri’sais] a точный; определенный; аккуратный

тщательный

precisely [pri’saisli] adv точно; как раз; определенно

precision [pri’si3()n] n точность; четкость; аккуратность, меткость

refer [ri’f:] v направлять (за информацией) наводить справку, справляться, относиться за счет (чего-либо)

subject-matter предмет (науки)

[‘sbd3ikt,mæt]

tabulate [‘tæbjuleit] v табулировать

Word Combinations

to place emphasis – делать ударение, выделять

to be concerned with – зд.: быть заинтересованным

to make use of – использовать, воспользоваться

to handle data – обрабатывать (зд.: статистические) данные

2. Choose the translation of the following:

1. a branch of applied mathematics 1. точные науки

2. they constitute the rules 2. количественные данные

3. quantitative data 3. следовательно

4. exact sciences 4. они составляют правила

5. consequently 5. отрасль прикладной математики

B. Reading Comprehension

XI. Read Text a.

Text A. Statistical Methods

All progressive knowledge in the modern world tends to precision. Precision is obtained with the help of numbers. Consequently, the science which deals with numbers has a very vital role to play in the development of our civilization. This science is statistics.

The word «statistics» is used in two senses. One, when used in the plural, refers to a series of connected figures, and the other, when used in the singular, relates to that branch of applied mathematics which deals with the collection, classification and use of quantitative data.

Quite a large number of definitions have been given to statistics as a science. Different writers place emphasis on different aspects of the subject-matter of this science. One main reason for this disagreement has been the constant development of the scope of this science.

The collected statistical material, which is influenced by numerous causes, has to be rendered easily intelligible, if it is to be used as a basis for judgement or action. In exact sciences like physics and chemistry the experimenter tries to disentangle complex causes by taking into account only the one with which he is concerned and keeping others aside. He can control the conditions in his laboratory. But in other sciences this is not possible. The experimental method fails. Conditions are not within the control of the observer. He has to take the data as they occur. We have to make use of some other methods for achieving their end. These are the methods of statistics. In order to get a clear picture out of the confusing mass of data, the latter have to be systematically collected, classified, tabulated, summarized, compared and presented. These are called «statistical methods». They constitute definite rules of procedure in handling groups of data. A proper study of these principles forms the subject-matter of the «science of statistics».