Раздел III Профессионально направленный модуль

Тема 3.1 Развитие навыков чтения профессионально ориентированных текстов

Цель – закрепление, систематизация и обобщение знаний профессионально

направленной лексики; развитие навыков различных видов чтения професси-

онально ориентированных текстов.

Задание № 1 (словообразование)

В данном задании дается связный текст с шестью пропусками. Напротив

каждого пропуска дается слово, написанное заглавными буквами, от ко-

торого надо образовать однокоренное слово для заполнения пропуска.

Рекомендации по выполнению задания № 1.

Во время первого прочтения

Просмотреть текст с пропусками, постараться понять его содержание.

Во время второго прочтения

Читать текст внимательно до пропуска. При работе с каждым фрагментом текста с пропуском используйте следующую логику и последовательность

действий:

-- прочитать текст до пропуска и слово, написанное заглавными буквами на

полях и определить, какой частью речи должно являться пропущенное слово

-- определить, используется ли данное слово в положительном или отри-

цательном значении в данном контексте;

-- образовать нужное слово с использованием нужных суффиксов или пре-

фиксов, а возможно и тех и других одновременно;

-- если вы не знаете, как образовать слово от указанного опорного слова, вспомните суффиксы и префиксы, которые могут использоваться для обра-

зования данной части речи, используйте их, определите, насколько естест-

венно выглядит образованное вами слово;

-- определите, есть ли у данной формы особенности написания, поскольку правильно выбранная словообразовательная модель не будет засчитана как

верный ответ, если в ней есть орфографическая ошибка.

Задание № 1. Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если не-

обходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозна-

ченных номерами В11-В16, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соот-

ветствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами.

Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В11-В16.

Invention of Computer

B11. Many encyclopedias say that the first computer was developed by Hoeard H. Aiken ( and his team) in America between 1939 and 1944. It was a large-scale,

programme-controlled machine which could make a very complex ___________.

CALCULATE

B12. However, after World War II an important __________ DISCOVER

was made that the first computer was, in fact, made in Germany in 1941 by Konrad

Zuce.

B13. Later Konrad Zuce founded a company in order to build computers that could be used by an engineer or a _____________. SCIENCE

B14. Konrad Zuce also developed the first real programming language, which

shows an amazing ______________ SIMILAR to today’s most advanced com-

puter languages.

B15. Unfortunately, the role of this man, who was years ahead of his time, is still _______________ KNOWN to many people.

B16. Maybe for the “official” history of computers it is _________ POSSIBLE

to accept that Konrad Zuce was on the wrong side of World War II.

Задание № 2 Прочитайте текст. Выполните задания.

In 1896 an American named Henry Ford exhibited a 4-cycle, 2-cylinder, 4-wheeled car in Detroit’s Badley Avenue. After his first demonstration, he began to

build “racing cars” for publicity. Then in 1903, Ford Motor Company sold its first

car: a 2-cylinder car for $2,500. Nevertheless, Ford felt that the price was too much

for a consumer vehicle. “The market for a low priced car”, Ford once said, “is unli-

mited”. A few years later in 1908, Ford Motor Company unveiled its $850 Model T, which included a folding windshield, a removable top, and gas lamps. The 22.5

horsepower engine had a top speed of 35 miles per hour.

By the time production of the Model T ended in 1927, Ford had sold over 15 mil-

lion of them. Prices of the car steadily dropped as it became more popular; in 1923 it reached a low of $256. Many companies sprang up in wake of the Model T’s popularity.

In 1911-15, 1918, and 1921, Ford earned more than all other automakers combi-

ned.

2.1 Закончите предложение:

The first car was sold for ... .

1. $850 c) $256

2. $2,500 d) $22.5

2.2 Выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста:

a) The first car had 22.5 horsepower engine.

b) In 1896 Henry Ford exhibited $850 Model T.

c) Production of the Model T ended in 1923.

d) Price of the car decreased up to $256 in 1923.

2.3 Определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту:

a) Henry Ford c) Model T

b) The Ford Motor Company d) The First Car

2.4 Ответьте на вопрос:

Why did the price of the car drop?

1. Because it was too much for a consumer vehicle.

2. Because it became more popular.

3. Because it was not popular.

4. Because it was still not attainable for publicity.

Задание № 3 Прочитайте текст. Выполните задания.

In 1907, Henry Ford announced his goal for the Ford Motor Company: to create

“a motor car for the great multitude.”

Ford’s engineers took the first step to towards this goal by designing the Model T

a simple, sturdy car, offering no factory options -- not even a choice of color.The Model T, first produced in 1908, kept the same design until the last one – number

15,000,000 – rolled off the line in 1927. From the start, the Model T was less ex-

pensive than most other cars, but it was still not attainable for the “multitude”.Ford

realized he’d need a more efficient way to produce the car in order to lower the price. He and his team looked at other industries and found four principles that would further their goal: interchangeable parts, continuous flow, division of labor, and reducing wasted efforts. Using interchangeable parts meant making the indivi-

dual pieces of the car the same every time. That way any valve would fit any engine, any steering wheel would fit any chassis. This meant improving the machi-

nery and cutting tools used to make the parts. But once the machines were adjust-

ed, low-skilled laborer could operate them, replacing the skilled craftsperson who

formerly made the parts by hand. To improve the flow of the work, it needed to be

arranged so that as one task was finished, another began, with minimum time spent in set-up. Then he divided the labor by breaking the assembly of the Model T into

84 distinct steps. Each worker was trained to do just one of these steps. Ford put these principles into play gradually over five years fine-tuning and testing as he went along. In 1913, they came together in the first moving assembly line ever us-

ed for large-scale manufacturing. That meant he could lower the price and still ma-

ke a good profit by selling more cars. In 1914, Ford workers’ wages were raised to

$5 a day and soon they proved him right by buying their own Model T. Ford’s ma-

nufacturing principles were adopted by other industries.