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Module 3 Unit 3

1. c) d) e) a) b)

4.

  • library

  • periodicals

Module 4 Unit 1

Reading 3

1) g 2) d 3) j 4) f 5) h

6) i 7) a 8) e 9) c 10) b

Focus on language 2

Past Simple

Past Progressive

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Progressive

ago after before

as soon as until during first

when for

while when

before after as soon as

for since

Focus on language 3

a) had begun; got; took

b) were discussing; walked

c) was; had been studying; was getting tired

d) roamed; had become extinct; appeared

e) called; was; was studying

f) realized; was asking; couldn’t answer; had been daydreaming

g) had never seen; visited

h) left; collected

i) was writing; was vacuum cleaning; could not concentrate; got angry

j) had passed; got; felt

Listening 2

a) a frame b)rods c) beads

The abacus is a device, usually of wood (plastic, in recent times), having a frame that holds rods with freely sliding beads mounted on them.

Listening 3

  1. to quantify

to determine or express the quantity of sth.

  1. addition

the arithmetic operation of summing; calculating the sum of two or more numbers.

  1. positional notation

a numeration system in which a real number is represented by an ordered set of characters where the value of a character depends on its position.

  1. to count

to name or list (the units of a group or collection) one by one in order to determine a total; number.

  1. symbol

a printed or written sign used to represent an operation, element, quantity, quality, or relation, as in mathematics or music.

  1. subtraction

an arithmetic operation in which the difference between two numbers is calculated

  1. to calculate

to perform a mathematical process

  1. to compute

to determine an amount or number by mathematics, especially by numerical methods and the use of computer.

Listening 4

  1. Man’s need to quantify, to count and to do mathematic calculations

  2. First they used their hands and fingers, and then they collected small rocks and

pebbles in a pile.

  1. The concept of positional notation that we use today.

  2. It was developed about 5000 years ago. It was built out of wood and beads.

  3. Yes, in some countries.

  4. No, it’s not an automatic machine.

  5. It is called the process of symbol manipulation.

Speaking 1

A) thermometer B) telescope C) metric system D) microscope

Speaking 2

Microscope: to contain, concave, angle, magnification, to focus, image

Thermometer: to contain, liquid, volume, mercury, to measure, to expand

Telescope: concave, to observe, constellations

Compass: direction, to determine, component

Metric system: to multiply, decimal, unit

Speaking 3

  1. A microscope is a device that uses lenses to magnify very small objects

and scientifically examine them.

  1. A magnetic compass is a tool for finding direction which has a freely suspended needle which always points to a magnetic north.

  2. A thermometer is a device that is used for measuring temperature of the air, water or people’s body. It is usually a graduated glass cylinder with a line of mercury or some other coloured alcohol that moves up when the temperature rises and moves down when it falls.

  3. A telescope is a cylindrical instrument which contains lenses and curved mirrors to enlarge and observe distant stars and planets/ for making distant objects look nearer and larger in order to study them.

Focus on language 2

International words

“False friends”

lecture battery lamp menu system

control accurate example sodium

detail form focus category location

magazine intelligent original data

technology massive priority

general argument paragraph mixture

fact logic pioneer nature affect

prospect actual technique probe

problem metal type vibration

transparent list activity clay physician

material lava encyclopedia

application physician phenomenon

guarantee industry unique

repetition correspondent fabric

combination

speculate cabinet

Reading 2

Name

Country

Field of science

Accomplishments

Lomonosov

Russia

physics, geology,

geography,

chemistry, astronomy

Development of Natural

Sciences; founded physical chemistry, atomic-molecular

theory of matter, molecular-

kinetic theory; new discoveries

in astronomy, geology and mineralogy.

Pascal

France

mathematics

The foundations of the modern treatment of conic sections;

theory of probability; Pascal’s Triangle.

Edison

The USA

applied research

Incandescent light bulb,

phonograph for sound

recording, experiments in

wireless technology.