- •Contents
- •Part 1: the verb
- •Module 1
- •Categories of finite forms of the verb ……………………………………………………… 4
- •Module 2
- •Module 3
- •Module 4
- •Part 2: appendix
- •Part 2: the verb
- •Categories of Finite Forms of the Verb
- •V erbals
- •I nfinitive Gerund Participle
- •Lisa is swimming now. Lisa has swum a lot today. Notes:
- •Morphological StructurE of the Verb
- •Semantic Classification of the Verb
- •Group 1: Stative and Dynamic Verbs
- •Semantic Classification of the Verb (continued) Group 2: Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
- •Raleigh and his Servant
- •Semantic Classification of the Verb (continued) Group 3: Terminative and Durative Verbs
- •To go to run to walk to sleep to read to write to stand to speak to sit to live to think to do
- •Insufficient Local Knowledge
- •Much More Difficult
- •Functional Classification of the Verb
- •A Crazy Language
- •Present indefinite (present simple)
- •In the morning/afternoon/ evening
- •Death in paris
- •Present continuous (present progressive)
- •Reported speech: commands, instructions, requests, suggestions, warnings
- •I suggested going inside
- •I suggested that we (should) go outside.
- •Where is wonda?
- •Present perfect
- •*Part 1.
- •**Part 2.
- •Present perfect continuous (Progressive)
- •Part 1.
- •Part 2.
- •Part a.
- •Part b
- •Planet earth
- •Reported questions
- •I wonder …/He wonders… / She wonders…/ They wonder …
- •I (we, they) want to know /She wants to know
- •I (he, she they) would like to know …
- •Part a
- •I wonder… Could/Can you tell me … I’d like to know …
- •Part b
- •Past indefinite (past simple)
- •In 1997/in spring/ winter/ summer/ autumn
- •Past indefinite and present perfect compared
- •Past continuous (past progressive)
- •Part 1.
- •Part 2.
- •Part 3.
- •Past perfect
- •Past perfect continuous (Progressive)
- •Part 1
- •Part 2
- •Part a.
- •Part b.
- •Part c.
- •In an hour/ in a week/ month/ year
- •In the (near/ nearest) future
- •Construction “to be going to” for future actions
- •Future indefinite V.S. Construction “to be going to”
- •Future continuous (future progressive)
- •Part a.
- •Part b.
- •Future perfect
- •Future perfect continuous
- •Sequences of tenses and reported speech The main rule:
- •The use of verb forms after different introductory verbs
- •Passive voice
- •Patrick gave Laura beautiful roses.
- •B y # with
- •Part a.
- •Part b.
- •Part c.
- •Part a.
- •Part b.
- •Part c.
- •Part d.
- •Part e.
- •Part f.
- •Part a.
- •Part b.
- •Part c.
- •A terrible mistake
- •Complex object
- •Verbs of sense perception
- •After the verbs of mental activity
- •After the verbs of wishes and emotions
- •Verbs ‘to make, to have and to let’
- •Appendix
- •Irregular verbs
Past perfect continuous (Progressive)
Formation: had + been + Present Participle
e.g. Linda had been making a new dress for three hours when we came. – Had she been waiting for you? – No she had not been waiting for us as we hadn’t call.
Past Perfect Continuous is used:
To put emphasis on the duration of an action which started and finished in the past before another past action or a stated time in the past, usually with since or for.
e.g. They had been looking for a house for six months before they found one they liked.
For an action which lasted for some time in the past and whose result was visible in the past.
e.g. Last Friday Ron had to fly to New York. His flight was delayed. He was annoyed. He had been waiting at the airport for three hours. (He waited at the airport for three hours and the result of the action was visible in the past, too.)
Past perfect continuous is the past equivalent of present perfect continuous
Compare:
Past Perfect Continuous |
Present Perfect Continuous |
I had been driving for ten hours, so I felt exhausted. (The action had been driving lasted for some time in the past. The result felt exhausted was also visible in the past.) |
I have been driving for ten hours, so I feel exhausted. (The action have been driving started in the past. The result feel exhausted is still visible in the present.) |
Past perfect continuous is used with the following time expressions (adverbial modifiers of time):
for since how long before till/until
e.g. How long had your parents been dating before they got married?
They had been dating for 3 years before they got married.
*TASK 46. Choose between Past Simple and Past Perfect.
Ted __________ (just/to wake up) when someone __________ (to knock) on the front door.
I __________ (to have) my bus pass in my pocket but I didn't realize it __________ (to expire).
By the time she __________ (to reach) the harbour, the ferry __________ (to leave).
Maria __________ (never/ to see) the ocean before she __________ (leave) her village.
She __________ (to enjoy) her visit to Rome although she __________ (already/ to be) there once before.
He __________ (to apologize) because he __________ (miss) the meeting.
Last year Lorna __________ (to look) wonderful after she __________ (lose) a few kilos.
After they __________ (to finish) their picnic, they __________ (to take) their rubbish home with them.
When she __________ (to hang up) the phone she __________ (to realize) she __________ (forget) to take down the caller's name and number.
Although I __________ (to set) my alarm clock, I still __________ (oversleep).
He __________ (already/to pack) his suitcase before he __________ (go) to bed.
**TASK 47. Choose between Past Simple, Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous. Some other tenses can occasionally be possible.