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Present indefinite (present simple)

Formation. Do you often visit your grandparents? – I visit them every week.

Does Derek watch television every day? – No, he doesn’t. His parents don’t allow him to waste time on it.

Present Indefinite is used in the following cases:

  1. for permanent states, repeated actions and daily routines,

e.g. Mr. Freeman works in a bank. (permanent state)

He takes the train to work every morning. (daily routine/repeated actions)

We don’t usually watch television in the morning. (repeated action)

Do you always get up at one and the same time? (daily routine)

  1. for general truths and laws of nature,

e.g. The sun sets in the west.

An apple a day keeps the doctor away.

  1. for timetables (planes, trains, etc.) and programmes.

e.g. The plane from Brussels arrives 8:30.

When does this shop open?

  1. for sports commentaries, reviews and narration, opera and theatre librettos, stage directions

e.g. Peterson overtakes Williams and wins the race. (sports commentary)

Mike Dalton plays the part of Macbeth. (review)

Then the prince gets on his horse and quickly rides away. (narration)

  1. to give instructions or directions (instead of the imperative mood).

e.g. You sprinkle some cheese on the pizza and then you bake it, (instead of: “Sprinkle some cheese on the pizza...”)

  1. in adverbial clauses of time and condition after the following conjunctions:

when if unless before till until

while after in case as long as as soon as

e.g. The children won’t go to the park unless they do all their homework.

As soon as Bertha arrives at the station, she will sent us a telegram.

Note: Don’t confuse adverbial clauses of time and condition and object clauses:

Adverbial clauses of time and condition

(only present tenses)

Object clauses

(any tense)

Ask Sonia to phone me (when?) when she comes home. - (time)

Ask Sonia to phone me (on what condition?) if she comes before 9 p.m. (condition)

Do you know (what?) when Sonia will come home?

I wonder (what?) if Sonia will come before 9 p.m.

  1. with stative verbs instead of Present Continuous,

e.g. I hate when it drizzles like this.

The cake smells delicious.

  1. The Present Simple is used with the following time expressions (adverbial modifiers of time:

  • usually

  • often

  • always

  • seldom

  • occasionally

  • sometimes

  • ever

  • rarely

  • never

  • permanently

  • from time to time

  • now and then

  • every day/week/month/year

  • In the morning/afternoon/ evening

  • at night, at the weekend, etc

  • on Mondays, etc.

e.g. Does he ever visit you nowadays?

Pat occasionally writes postcards to her distant relatives.

  1. To make sentences in Present Indefinite more emphatic auxiliary verbs ‘do’ or ‘does’ are added in affirmative sentences,

e.g. I do want to meet your parents. – Я действительно хочу встретиться с твоими родителями.

Fiona does insist on your going to Kiev. – Фиона все-таки настаивает на твоей поездке в Киев.

  1. Note should be taken about questions to the subject which are asked without an auxiliary verb and with the direct order of words,

e.g. Who usually cooks in your family? – Our mum does.

Paula and Jack sometimes visit us at the weekends. – Sorry, I didn’t catch you. Who visits you at the weekends? - Paula and Jack do.

A short answer to the questions of this type are formed with the auxiliary verb ‘do’ or ‘does’.

*TASK 6. Make the rules yourself!

Step 1. Look at the verbs in the third person singular and answer the questions below the box.

catches does eats enjoys fixes flies goes lives makes misses passes plays pushes reads replies says prepares smokes speaks stands calls

decides teaches thinks tries waits washes works

damages travels laughs listens insists demands shops

  1. What is the commonest way of making the third person singular?

  2. What happens with words ending in a vowel + -y?

  3. What happens with words ending in a consonant + -y?

  4. After which consonants and groups of consonants –es is added?

  5. Which two other common words add –es?

Step 2. Sort out all the verbs given in the box according to the pronunciation of their endings.

[s]

[z]

[iz]

eats

does

catches

Step 3. Write and pronounce the third person singular of the verbs given below.

  1. to box

  2. to brush

  3. to buy

  4. to complete

  5. to cry

  6. to defend

  7. to spend

  8. to deny

  9. to destroy

  10. to excite

  11. to expect

  12. to fry

  13. to guess

  14. to rush

  15. to take

  16. to pray

  17. to reach

  18. to receive

  19. to watch

  20. to want

  21. to fetch

  22. to say

  23. to restore

  24. to pronounce

  25. to shout

  26. to weep

  27. to sing

  28. to sleep

  29. to ask

  30. to jump

*TASK 7. Mrs. Robinson is writing a letter to her grandson Tim, to thank him for a kitten he gave her. Write each verb given in brackets with the correct Present Simple verb ending.

Dear Tim,

I want to thank you for the lovely kitten you gave me. I __________ (to call) her Sheba and she __________ (to have ) some lovely ways. She always __________ (to come) when I __________ (to call) her, and when I __________ (to open) a tin of cat food she always __________ (to hurry) to eat it. Then, when she has finished her milk, she __________ (to jump) onto my lap. If you __________ (to hang) a piece of string in front of her, she always __________ (to try) to catch it. Sometimes she __________ (to play) with a little rubber mouse if I __________ (to throw) it in front of her. But she __________ (to scratch) everyone who (to pull) her tail too hard! And when my neighbour’s son __________ (to come), she usually __________ (to go) out of the room, I think she's afraid of him.

On warm days she __________ (to lie) outside in the garden. Sometimes she __________ (to watch) the birds for hours, but she never (to catch) any of them.

When Mrs. Ross, the cleaner, is working here, Sheba often __________ (to chase) the vacuum cleaner. But Mrs. Ross __________ (to say) she's the best cat in the world, and all of us here __________ (to agree) with her.

Love,

Your grandma

**TASK 8. Rita, a reporter for Music News, is interviewing Lou Belize, who writes songs and sings for a successful pop group. Complete Rita’s questions using the given prompts. The first question is done for you.

Rita: Tell me, Lou, where do you write your songs?

Lou: Well, I write a lot of them in hotels and on buses. Anywhere, really.

Rita. ___________________________________(other members of the group?)

Lou: Yes, Simon, the guitarist, writes some.

Rita: ___________________________________(a song –good enough?)

Lou: We decide together, after we've tried it out.

Rita: _____________________________________ (How long?)

Lou: It varies. Sometimes it takes only minutes, but sometimes it takes days and days.

Rita: __________________________________________ (ideas for your songs?)

Lou: Often they come from newspapers, things I've read about.

Rita: __________________________________________(time together, outside performances and the recording studios?)

Lou: No, we don't really spend much time together. We like to be on our own when we can.

Rita: ___________________________________(your mother - of your success?)

Lou: Oh, she thinks it's wonderful.

Rila: _____________________________________________(she - your songs?)

Lou: Not really. She likes other kinds of music.

**TASK 9. You are going to read the first two acts of the opera libretto (synopsis).

Step 1. Use the verbs in brackets in the correct form and read the libretto.

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