- •Contents
- •Part 1: the verb
- •Module 1
- •Categories of finite forms of the verb ……………………………………………………… 4
- •Module 2
- •Module 3
- •Module 4
- •Part 2: appendix
- •Part 2: the verb
- •Categories of Finite Forms of the Verb
- •V erbals
- •I nfinitive Gerund Participle
- •Lisa is swimming now. Lisa has swum a lot today. Notes:
- •Morphological StructurE of the Verb
- •Semantic Classification of the Verb
- •Group 1: Stative and Dynamic Verbs
- •Semantic Classification of the Verb (continued) Group 2: Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
- •Raleigh and his Servant
- •Semantic Classification of the Verb (continued) Group 3: Terminative and Durative Verbs
- •To go to run to walk to sleep to read to write to stand to speak to sit to live to think to do
- •Insufficient Local Knowledge
- •Much More Difficult
- •Functional Classification of the Verb
- •A Crazy Language
- •Present indefinite (present simple)
- •In the morning/afternoon/ evening
- •Death in paris
- •Present continuous (present progressive)
- •Reported speech: commands, instructions, requests, suggestions, warnings
- •I suggested going inside
- •I suggested that we (should) go outside.
- •Where is wonda?
- •Present perfect
- •*Part 1.
- •**Part 2.
- •Present perfect continuous (Progressive)
- •Part 1.
- •Part 2.
- •Part a.
- •Part b
- •Planet earth
- •Reported questions
- •I wonder …/He wonders… / She wonders…/ They wonder …
- •I (we, they) want to know /She wants to know
- •I (he, she they) would like to know …
- •Part a
- •I wonder… Could/Can you tell me … I’d like to know …
- •Part b
- •Past indefinite (past simple)
- •In 1997/in spring/ winter/ summer/ autumn
- •Past indefinite and present perfect compared
- •Past continuous (past progressive)
- •Part 1.
- •Part 2.
- •Part 3.
- •Past perfect
- •Past perfect continuous (Progressive)
- •Part 1
- •Part 2
- •Part a.
- •Part b.
- •Part c.
- •In an hour/ in a week/ month/ year
- •In the (near/ nearest) future
- •Construction “to be going to” for future actions
- •Future indefinite V.S. Construction “to be going to”
- •Future continuous (future progressive)
- •Part a.
- •Part b.
- •Future perfect
- •Future perfect continuous
- •Sequences of tenses and reported speech The main rule:
- •The use of verb forms after different introductory verbs
- •Passive voice
- •Patrick gave Laura beautiful roses.
- •B y # with
- •Part a.
- •Part b.
- •Part c.
- •Part a.
- •Part b.
- •Part c.
- •Part d.
- •Part e.
- •Part f.
- •Part a.
- •Part b.
- •Part c.
- •A terrible mistake
- •Complex object
- •Verbs of sense perception
- •After the verbs of mental activity
- •After the verbs of wishes and emotions
- •Verbs ‘to make, to have and to let’
- •Appendix
- •Irregular verbs
Present indefinite (present simple)
Formation. Do you often visit your grandparents? – I visit them every week.
Does Derek watch television every day? – No, he doesn’t. His parents don’t allow him to waste time on it.
Present Indefinite is used in the following cases:
for permanent states, repeated actions and daily routines,
e.g. Mr. Freeman works in a bank. (permanent state)
He takes the train to work every morning. (daily routine/repeated actions)
We don’t usually watch television in the morning. (repeated action)
Do you always get up at one and the same time? (daily routine)
for general truths and laws of nature,
e.g. The sun sets in the west.
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
for timetables (planes, trains, etc.) and programmes.
e.g. The plane from Brussels arrives 8:30.
When does this shop open?
for sports commentaries, reviews and narration, opera and theatre librettos, stage directions
e.g. Peterson overtakes Williams and wins the race. (sports commentary)
Mike Dalton plays the part of Macbeth. (review)
Then the prince gets on his horse and quickly rides away. (narration)
to give instructions or directions (instead of the imperative mood).
e.g. You sprinkle some cheese on the pizza and then you bake it, (instead of: “Sprinkle some cheese on the pizza...”)
in adverbial clauses of time and condition after the following conjunctions:
when if unless before till until
while after in case as long as as soon as
e.g. The children won’t go to the park unless they do all their homework.
As soon as Bertha arrives at the station, she will sent us a telegram.
Note: Don’t confuse adverbial clauses of time and condition and object clauses:
Adverbial clauses of time and condition (only present tenses) |
Object clauses (any tense) |
Ask Sonia to phone me (when?) when she comes home. - (time) Ask Sonia to phone me (on what condition?) if she comes before 9 p.m. (condition) |
Do you know (what?) when Sonia will come home? I wonder (what?) if Sonia will come before 9 p.m. |
with stative verbs instead of Present Continuous,
e.g. I hate when it drizzles like this.
The cake smells delicious.
The Present Simple is used with the following time expressions (adverbial modifiers of time:
usually
often
always
seldom
occasionally
sometimes
ever
rarely
never
permanently
from time to time
now and then
every day/week/month/year
In the morning/afternoon/ evening
at night, at the weekend, etc
on Mondays, etc.
e.g. Does he ever visit you nowadays?
Pat occasionally writes postcards to her distant relatives.
To make sentences in Present Indefinite more emphatic auxiliary verbs ‘do’ or ‘does’ are added in affirmative sentences,
e.g. I do want to meet your parents. – Я действительно хочу встретиться с твоими родителями.
Fiona does insist on your going to Kiev. – Фиона все-таки настаивает на твоей поездке в Киев.
Note should be taken about questions to the subject which are asked without an auxiliary verb and with the direct order of words,
e.g. Who usually cooks in your family? – Our mum does.
Paula and Jack sometimes visit us at the weekends. – Sorry, I didn’t catch you. Who visits you at the weekends? - Paula and Jack do.
A short answer to the questions of this type are formed with the auxiliary verb ‘do’ or ‘does’.
*TASK 6. Make the rules yourself!
Step 1. Look at the verbs in the third person singular and answer the questions below the box.
catches does eats enjoys fixes flies goes lives makes misses passes plays pushes reads replies says prepares smokes speaks stands calls
decides teaches thinks tries waits washes works
damages travels laughs listens insists demands shops
What is the commonest way of making the third person singular?
What happens with words ending in a vowel + -y?
What happens with words ending in a consonant + -y?
After which consonants and groups of consonants –es is added?
Which two other common words add –es?
Step 2. Sort out all the verbs given in the box according to the pronunciation of their endings.
[s] |
[z] |
[iz] |
eats
|
does |
catches |
Step 3. Write and pronounce the third person singular of the verbs given below.
to box
to brush
to buy
to complete
to cry
to defend
to spend
to deny
to destroy
to excite
to expect
to fry
to guess
to rush
to take
to pray
to reach
to receive
to watch
to want
to fetch
to say
to restore
to pronounce
to shout
to weep
to sing
to sleep
to ask
to jump
*TASK 7. Mrs. Robinson is writing a letter to her grandson Tim, to thank him for a kitten he gave her. Write each verb given in brackets with the correct Present Simple verb ending.
Dear Tim,
I want to thank you for the lovely kitten you gave me. I __________ (to call) her Sheba and she __________ (to have ) some lovely ways. She always __________ (to come) when I __________ (to call) her, and when I __________ (to open) a tin of cat food she always __________ (to hurry) to eat it. Then, when she has finished her milk, she __________ (to jump) onto my lap. If you __________ (to hang) a piece of string in front of her, she always __________ (to try) to catch it. Sometimes she __________ (to play) with a little rubber mouse if I __________ (to throw) it in front of her. But she __________ (to scratch) everyone who (to pull) her tail too hard! And when my neighbour’s son __________ (to come), she usually __________ (to go) out of the room, I think she's afraid of him.
On warm days she __________ (to lie) outside in the garden. Sometimes she __________ (to watch) the birds for hours, but she never (to catch) any of them.
When Mrs. Ross, the cleaner, is working here, Sheba often __________ (to chase) the vacuum cleaner. But Mrs. Ross __________ (to say) she's the best cat in the world, and all of us here __________ (to agree) with her.
Love,
Your grandma
**TASK 8. Rita, a reporter for Music News, is interviewing Lou Belize, who writes songs and sings for a successful pop group. Complete Rita’s questions using the given prompts. The first question is done for you.
Rita: Tell me, Lou, where do you write your songs?
Lou: Well, I write a lot of them in hotels and on buses. Anywhere, really.
Rita. ___________________________________(other members of the group?)
Lou: Yes, Simon, the guitarist, writes some.
Rita: ___________________________________(a song –good enough?)
Lou: We decide together, after we've tried it out.
Rita: _____________________________________ (How long?)
Lou: It varies. Sometimes it takes only minutes, but sometimes it takes days and days.
Rita: __________________________________________ (ideas for your songs?)
Lou: Often they come from newspapers, things I've read about.
Rita: __________________________________________(time together, outside performances and the recording studios?)
Lou: No, we don't really spend much time together. We like to be on our own when we can.
Rita: ___________________________________(your mother - of your success?)
Lou: Oh, she thinks it's wonderful.
Rila: _____________________________________________(she - your songs?)
Lou: Not really. She likes other kinds of music.
**TASK 9. You are going to read the first two acts of the opera libretto (synopsis).
Step 1. Use the verbs in brackets in the correct form and read the libretto.