- •Contents
- •Part 1: the verb
- •Module 1
- •Categories of finite forms of the verb ……………………………………………………… 4
- •Module 2
- •Module 3
- •Module 4
- •Part 2: appendix
- •Part 2: the verb
- •Categories of Finite Forms of the Verb
- •V erbals
- •I nfinitive Gerund Participle
- •Lisa is swimming now. Lisa has swum a lot today. Notes:
- •Morphological StructurE of the Verb
- •Semantic Classification of the Verb
- •Group 1: Stative and Dynamic Verbs
- •Semantic Classification of the Verb (continued) Group 2: Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
- •Raleigh and his Servant
- •Semantic Classification of the Verb (continued) Group 3: Terminative and Durative Verbs
- •To go to run to walk to sleep to read to write to stand to speak to sit to live to think to do
- •Insufficient Local Knowledge
- •Much More Difficult
- •Functional Classification of the Verb
- •A Crazy Language
- •Present indefinite (present simple)
- •In the morning/afternoon/ evening
- •Death in paris
- •Present continuous (present progressive)
- •Reported speech: commands, instructions, requests, suggestions, warnings
- •I suggested going inside
- •I suggested that we (should) go outside.
- •Where is wonda?
- •Present perfect
- •*Part 1.
- •**Part 2.
- •Present perfect continuous (Progressive)
- •Part 1.
- •Part 2.
- •Part a.
- •Part b
- •Planet earth
- •Reported questions
- •I wonder …/He wonders… / She wonders…/ They wonder …
- •I (we, they) want to know /She wants to know
- •I (he, she they) would like to know …
- •Part a
- •I wonder… Could/Can you tell me … I’d like to know …
- •Part b
- •Past indefinite (past simple)
- •In 1997/in spring/ winter/ summer/ autumn
- •Past indefinite and present perfect compared
- •Past continuous (past progressive)
- •Part 1.
- •Part 2.
- •Part 3.
- •Past perfect
- •Past perfect continuous (Progressive)
- •Part 1
- •Part 2
- •Part a.
- •Part b.
- •Part c.
- •In an hour/ in a week/ month/ year
- •In the (near/ nearest) future
- •Construction “to be going to” for future actions
- •Future indefinite V.S. Construction “to be going to”
- •Future continuous (future progressive)
- •Part a.
- •Part b.
- •Future perfect
- •Future perfect continuous
- •Sequences of tenses and reported speech The main rule:
- •The use of verb forms after different introductory verbs
- •Passive voice
- •Patrick gave Laura beautiful roses.
- •B y # with
- •Part a.
- •Part b.
- •Part c.
- •Part a.
- •Part b.
- •Part c.
- •Part d.
- •Part e.
- •Part f.
- •Part a.
- •Part b.
- •Part c.
- •A terrible mistake
- •Complex object
- •Verbs of sense perception
- •After the verbs of mental activity
- •After the verbs of wishes and emotions
- •Verbs ‘to make, to have and to let’
- •Appendix
- •Irregular verbs
Present perfect continuous (Progressive)
Formation: have/ has + been + Present Participle
e.g. I have been washing up since morning. – Have you been listening to music all this time? – No haven’t been listening as the radio is broken.
Present Perfect Continuous is used:
Present Perfect Continuous is used to put emphasis on the duration of an action, which started in the past and continues up to the present, especially with time expressions such as for, since, all morning/day/week, etc.
e.g. Sarah has been picking vegetables for two hours. (She started picking vegetables two hours ago and she is still picking them now.)
I have been learning to drive since September.
Present Perfect Continuous is also used for an action which started and finished in the past and lasted for some time. The result of the action is visible in the present.
e.g. He is dirty. He has been playing football. (He is no longer playing football, but the fact that his clothes are dirty is visible now.)
Have you been crying? Your eyes are red and swollen.
Note: With the verbs to feel (have a particular emotion), to live, to work and to learn Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous can be used with no difference in meaning.
e.g. He has felt/ has been feeling unwell all morning.
Present Perfect Continuous is also used in clauses of time and condition for an action, which will be in progress for some time before a certain moment in the future,
e.g. I’m sure she’ll get used to our way of life after she has been staying with us for a couple of weeks.
Present Perfect Continuous is used to express anger, annoyance or irritation,
e.g. Who has been reading my business papers and misplaced them? (The speaker is irritated.)
Both Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous are used with the following time expressions (adverbial modifiers of time):
How long…?
e.g. How long have you known Jack?
How long have you been learning English?
for (duration)
e.g. I have known Jack for five years.
I have not seen Emily for a long time.
She has been working here for twenty years.
since (starting point)
e.g. They have been married since last April.
We have been living here since 1980.
I have not talked to Ann since last Sunday.
lately /recently
e.g. Have you seen any good films lately/recently?
She has been going out a lot lately/ recently.
**TASK 27. Fill in the gaps with the words from the box below. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.
recently since yet for always ever
already so far just How long…?
Has Tom finished his exams ________? - No. He finishes them next Thursday.
________ has Janet been working at the hospital? - She has been working there ________ she left school.
How are you finding your new job? - Great. I haven't had any problems ________.
Is John at home, please? - No, I'm afraid he's ________ gone out.
Have you been waiting long? - Yes, I've been here ________ two hours.
Has Martin ________ been to Spain? - No, I don't think so.
Have you spoken to Matthew ________? - Yes. I phoned him last night.
Can you do the washing-up for me, please? - Don't worry. Mike has ________ done it.
Lucy has ________ been musical, hasn't she? - Yes, she started playing the piano when she was five years old.
Shall we go to that new restaurant tonight? - Yes. I have ________ been there. It's really nice.
Your dog's been barking ________ three hours! - I'm sorry. I'll take him inside.
12. Have you finished reading that book ________? - No, I've ________ started it.
*TASK 28. Put the verbs in brackets into Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous.