Пасивний стан дієслова (the passive voice)

Форми пасивного стану англійських дієслів утворюються за допомогою допоміжного дієслова to be у відповідному часі, особі і числі і дієприкметника II (Participle II) основного дієслова :

Present Simple The letter is written.

Past Simple The letter was written.

Future Simple The letter will be written.

Present Continuous : The letter is being written.

Past Continuous : The letter was being written.

Present Perfect : The letter has been written.

Past Perfect : The letter had been written.

Future Perfect : The letter will have been written.

Дієслово-присудок у пасивному стані показує, що підмет речення є об'єктом дії з боку іншої особи або предмета.

Порівняєте: I bought a book. - Я купив книгу.

The book was bought (by me). - Книга була куплена (мною).

Дієслова в пасивному стані українською мовою перекладаються:

1. дієсловом бути + форма дієприкметника пасивного стану :

The letter was sent yesterday. Лист був посланий учора.

2. дієсловом з часткою -ся (-сь) :

This problem was discussed last week. Ця проблема обговорювалась минулого тижня.

3. дієсловом бути + дієслівні форми на -но, -то в безособових реченнях:

That house was built last year. Той будинок було збудовано торік.

4. дієсловом в активномуму стані (за наявності виконавця дії) :

Pupils are taught at school by the teachers. Учнів навчають в школі вчителі.

5. дієсловом в активному стані в неозначено-особових реченнях:

She has not been seen. Її не бачили.

Exercise 1 Складіть речення

Furniture Radio sets Coal Wheat Tomatoes

is are

grown made repaired sold mined

here. there. at our plant. in this district. at this shop.

The theatre Those cars The library The bicycle The shop

was were

built opened closed bought repaired

last year. at ten o'clock. five years ago. in summer.

The novel The letter The newspaper The book The document

will be

written printed brought translated signed

tomorrow.. next year. on Monday. in half an hour.

The factory The book The film The houses The letter

is being are being

written. built. repaired. discussed. read.

The factory The film The houses The letter The book

was being were being

discussed written built repaired read

at that time. when I came in. when he moved here. when we were there.

The resolution The delegates The treaty The TV set The motor car

has been have been

prepared, bought. elected. signed. repaired.

The plant The tickets The hospital The coat The bicycle

had been

repaired built sold bought

by that time. when 1 came.

Exercise 2 Перекладіть та визначте стан і час присудка

1. Не left for Lviv. 2. The news will be of great interest. 3. They were speaking to him. 4. The film was much spoken about. 5. New subjects will be studied next year. 6.1 am working now. 7. The text has been already written by them. 8. He studies at our college. 9. The text is being translated at the moment. 10. When I saw him, he was going home. 11. They will have passed their exams by 3 o'clock. 12. This book was written by our teacher. 13. We shall be writing our tests at 10 o'clock. 14. The work will have been done when he comes. 15. The letter had been written before we came. 16. We shall inform you. 17. These toys are made by children. 18. Does he work here? 19. The conference will be held in May. 20. What are you doing here? 21. This work must be done at once. 22.1 am often asked at the lessons by the teacher.

Exercise 3 Перекладіть та визначте стан і час присудка

1. They can be seen in our library every day. 2. The delegation was met at the airport. 3. The child was often left home alone. 4. These houses were built last year. 5. All letters had been written when we came. 6. This film is much spoken about. 7. The machine is being tested now. 8. His work has been already finished. 9. I was told to wait in the reception room. 10. Your letter will have been answered by Monday.

Exercise 4 Поставте питання та заперечення до наступних речень

1. All pupils are supplied with textbooks. 2. America was discovered by Columbus. 3. The floor was painted last summer. 4. The shop will be closed at 8 o'clock. 5. The sick man is being operated on. 6. The room is being cleaned now. 7. This metro line was being built at that time. 8. This novel has been translated into Ukrainian. 9. A new cinema has been built in our town. 10. The tickets had been sold out by that time.

Exercise 5 Поставте речення у пасив.

Example: They grow wheat here.— Wheat is grown here.

1. The girls water the flowers every day. 2. They publish this magazine in Moscow. 3. We do not discuss such questions at our meetings. 4. Somebody built this castle in the 16th century. 5. They did not show this film last week.6. They will not finish this work tomorrow. 7. We shall invite him to take part in the concert. 8. The workers are repairing the road. 9. They were showing the film from 7 till 8. 10. She has locked the door. 11. Someone has broken my pencil. 12. I have posted the letter. 13. They had written the composition before the bell rang. 14. The travellers made camp not far from the village.

Exercise 6 Поставте речення у пасив.

Example: Popov invented the radio.— The radio was invented by Popov.

1. My sister teaches me English. 2. Peter drives the car. 3. The fascists killed her father. 4. Mary has lost her key. 5. Mr. Ivanov will meet the delegation. 6. The teacher has checked our dictations. 7. Our music teacher was conducting the orchestra.

Exercise 7 Поставте речення у пасив.

Example: The teacher gave him a pen.— He was given a pen

1. They showed us the monuments of Lviv. 2. She offered me a cup of tea. 3. They promised her an interesting job. 4. They gave the actress a bunch of flowers. 5. He showed me the way to the railway station. 6. They offered us two tickets for the concert.

Exercise 8 Поставте речення у пасив.

Example : Everyone looked at the girl.— The girl was looked at.

1. We sent for the doctor. 2. The children laughed at the little boy. 3. They look after the children. 4. The students listened to the professor with great interest. 5. People speak about this film very much. 6. The boys made fun of him.

Exercise 9 Поставте питання до виділених слів

1. The letter will be answered tomorrow. 2. They were shown many places of interest. 3. Wheat is grown in each of these regions. 4. This town was founded in the 15th century. 5. Water-power stations are being built on the mountain rivers. 6. She was told the news when she came.7. The film is much spoken about.

Exercise 10 Розкрийте дужки, поставте дієслова в потрібні форми пасивного стану.

1. I'm not reading these books today. They (return) to the library. 2. The paintings (exhibit) till the end of the month. 3. Why your home task (not do)? 4. The patient (take) to the hospital today, and (operate) tomorrow morning. 5. This room (use) only on special occasions.

6. Bicycles must not (leave) here. 7. This newspaper (not read) because the pages (not cut). 8. Dictionaries may not (use) at the examination. 9. Usually the floor (sweep) every day, but it (not sweep) yesterday. 10. This book (leave) in the classroom yesterday. 11. Thousands of new houses (build) every year. 12. This room (not use) for a long time. 13. The children (take) to the circus tomorrow.

Exercise 11 Перекладіть речення англійською мовою.

1. Ця книга була прочитана усіма. 2. Лист буде відправлено завтра. 3. Її часто запитують? 4. На ваше питання дадуть відповідь завтра. 5. Текст перекладався учора з двох до трьох. 6. Робота щойно закінчена нами.7. Ці книги будуть використовуватись до кінця року. 8. Телеграма вже отримана? 9. Про нову книгу багато говоритимуть. 10. У нашому місті зараз будується багато нових будівель. 11. Ключі були загублені учора. 12. Хлопчика візьмуть в кіно. 13. Вам сказали про це? 14. Ця робота буде завершена до 10 годин завтра. 15. Усі картини, які ви тут бачите, написані відомим художником. 16. За лікарем послали? (to send for). У дитини висока температура. 17. Ця історія давно забута усіма. 18. Мені запропонували дуже цікаву роботу. 19. На нього завжди можна покластися. 20. Йому не сказали про це. 21. Нам показали прекрасний фільм. 22. Його запросили на вечірку. 23. Делегацію треба зустріти завтра о 9 годині ранку в аеропорту.

Вправи на всі вивчені часи