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4. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. The person charged with the criminal offence is the defendant. 2. A criminal case is brought by a prosecutor. 3. A successful criminal prosecution will result in a conviction. 4. The word «guilty» is used primarily of criminals. The corresponding word in civil cases is «liable», but this word is also used in criminal contexts. 5. The party bringing a civil action is the plaintiff. 6. The party is one of the persons or sides in a legal agreement or dispute. 7. The defendant in a civil case is sued by the plaintiff. 8. If the plaintiff is successful, the defendant will be found liable. 9. The distinction between crimes and civil wrongs relates to the legal consequences. 10. A court order not to do something is an injunction. 11. Judgment is the decision of a judge or court. 12. Procedure is the regular order of doing legal things. 13. A proceeding is a course of action. 14. Damages are money given as legal compensation. 15. To sue is to take legal action against someone in a civil case.

5. Fill the gaps with a suitable word.

judgment prosecutor conviction plaintiff sues prosecution punishment injunction punished

  1. In criminal proceedings a (1) ... prosecutes a defendant. 2. The result of the (2) ... if successful is a (3) ... 3. And the defendant may be (4) ... by one of a yariety of punishments ranging from life imprisonment to a fine or else may be released or discharged without (5) ... 4. In civil proceedings a plaintiff (6) ... (e.g. brings an action against) a defendant. 5. The proceedings if successful result in judgment for the plaintiff, and the (7) ... may order the defendant to pay the (8)... money, or transfer property to him, or to do or not to do something (9) ..., or to perform a contract.

6. Divide these words into two groups: Civil, Criminal

crime, life imprisonment, to convict, civil wrong, guilty, plaintiff, defendant, to prosecute, liable, to punish, prosecution, conviction, judgment for the plaintiff, prosecutor, offence, punishment

7. Match the verbs on the left with the nouns on the right.

A

B

  1. bring

a. the prosecution

  1. conduct

b. a criminal

  1. investigate

c. blame/right

  1. commit/charge with

d. the evidence

  1. punish

e. a case/an action/a prosecution

  1. determine

f. legal proceedings

  1. give/hear

g. a case/a crime

  1. take/start

h. an offence

8. Match the words on the left with the words of similar meaning on the right.

A

B

  1. liable

a. most important/ greatest

  1. damage

b. take the responsibility for

  1. tort

c. allowed by law

  1. code

d. behaviour (moral)

  1. legal

e. pay no attention to/ fail to do smth.

  1. distinction

f. carelessness

  1. neglect

g. for this reason

  1. negligence

h. civil wrong/ not (generally) a crime

  1. breach

i. money paid in compensation

10. paramount

j. difference

11. petty

k. responsible for

  1. crime

l. a system of laws

  1. hence

m. breaking (an agreement/ duty)

  1. conduct

n. offence

  1. shoulder

o. divide/ distribute

16. apportion

p. small