Vocabulary

Assess –оцінювати, визначати (розмір, суму)

survey – огляд, обстеження

aerial – повітряний

pop – зненацька з’являтися

impediment – затримка, перешкода

boulder – валун

prohibit – 1) перешкоджати, заважати; 2) забороняти

coating – покриття, обшивка

trench – канава

weld – зварювати

bend – 1) згин, згинання; 2) гнути, згинати

Assignments

1. Read and translate text 18 using the vocabulary.

2. Make up a plan of the text.

3. Speak on:

- Planning and preparation for a pipeline construction.

- Pipeline installation.

- Pipeline protection.

- The ways to minimize the environmental impact.

- Pipelines as the safest method of transporting petroleum and natural gas.

Text 19. Gas Metering

Natural gas transported outside Ukraine via 15 trunk pipelines is measured at 10 frontier Gas Metering Stations (GMS): nine of which are located on the Ukrainian territory (at the Polish frontier – 1, Slovakian frontier – 1, Hungarian frontier – 1, Romanian frontier – 2, Moldavian frontier – 3, Russian Federation frontier - 1) and one GMS – on the territory of the Russian Federation.

All frontier GMS (both on the Ukrainian territory and on the territories of other countries) are equipped with automated electronic gas metering complexes, including backup units, and gas quality index determination instrumentation.

Gas transportation on the territory of Ukraine is carried out along with the interim measuring of its flow rate at 17 GMS installed at trunk gas pipelines at the borders of the activity scope limits of departments of Ukrtransgas.

All the above flow rate measuring facilities are equipped with modern 0.5 and 0.3accuracy class automated electronic metering complexes operating according to the variable pressure differential method, or 1.0 accuracy class mechanical gas meters with electronic correctors. Currently state-of-the-art 0.3accuracy class ultrasonic meters are being introduced.

Similar flow rate measuring complexes are applied at 1,465 gas distribution stations (GDS) when transferring natural gas from the gas transportation system to the gas distribution network.

Natural gas pumped to underground gas storage facilities in summer period and extracted from them to the gas transportation system in winter is measured using the said typical electronic flow metering complexes.

NAFTOGAZ Company has developed and implements the Program of Forming a Uniform Natural Gas Metering System. The Program provides for implementation of the European approach to the natural gas flow rate measuring technology, i.e. using two successive instruments, one of which is the basic and the other is a backup unit. Each instrument uses different physical measuring methods.

For the purpose of further development of such natural gas flow rate measuring system, the Company anticipates installation of precise backup ultrasonic and vortex gas meters at 44 most powerful 1st category GDS transmitting up to 80% of gas consumed by Ukraine. This will ensure the most accurate and true metering of 56 bcm of gas per annum, reduce its loss due to decreasing several times the flow measuring error.

At compressor stations, located close to the frontiers with the Russian Federation and Republic of Belarus, it is anticipated to install entry monitoring stations on trunk gas pipelines in order to monitor the volumes of imported and transit gas. These facilities will be equipped with precise automatic volumetric flow metering instrumentation and that for determining physical and chemical properties of natural gas supplied to Ukraine.