Vocabulary

Retail store – магазин роздрібної торгівлі

lighting – освітлення

adverse health effect – шкідливий вплив на здоров’я

mitigate – пом’якшувати, послабляти

fixture – пристрій, прилад

flue gas – пічний газ

vapour – пара

heat exchanger – теплообмінник

incandescent lamp – лампа розжарювання

Assignments

1. Read, translate and give the gist of text 16.

2. Explain in English the meaning of the following word combinations: over-illumination, state of the art system, space heating, part-load performance, exhaust air, misprogramming, excessive heat, the most wasteful component.

3. Speak on:

- The most wasteful components of commercial energy use.

- Advantages and disadvantages of the computer controlled building automation system.

Text 17. Industrial sector

The industrial sector represents all production and processing of goods, including manufacturing, construction, farming, water management and mining. Increasing costs have forced energy-intensive industries to make substantial efficiency improvements in the past 30 years. For example, the energy used to produce steel and paper products has been cut by 40% in that time frame, while petroleum / aluminum refining and cement production has reduced their usage by about 25%. These reductions are largely the result of recycling waste material and the use of cogeneration equipment for electricity and heating.

Another example for efficiency improvements is the use of products made of high temperature insulation wool (HTIW) that enables predominantly industrial users to operate thermal treatment plants at temperatures between 800 and 1400 ^oC. In these high-temperature applications, the consumption of primary energy and the associated CO₂ emissions can be reduced by up to 50 % as compared with old fashioned industrial installations. The application of products made of high temperature insulation wool is becoming increasingly important against the background of the dramatic rising cost of energy. The energy required for delivery and treatment of fresh water often constitutes a significant percentage of a region’s electricity and natural gas usage. Some local governments have worked toward a more integrated approach to energy and water conservation efforts. To conserve energy, some industries have begun using solar panels to heat water. Unlike the other sectors, total energy used in the industrial sector declined in the last decade. While this is partly due to conservation efforts, it’s also a reflection of the growing trend for U.S. companies to move manufacturing operations overseas.

Vocabulary

Time frame – проміжок часу

refining – очищення

cogeneration – спільне виробництво

predominantly – переважно

installation – установка

high temperature insulation wool (HTIW) – термостійкий ізоляційний матеріал

old fashioned – застарілий

Assignments

1. Read, translate and give the gist of text 17.

2. Explain in English the meaning of the following word combinations: water management, energy-intensive industry, substantial efficiency improvements, cogeneration equipment, waste material recycling.

3. Speak on “Energy and water conservation in industrial sector”.