Types of managers

There is a classic definition that "Leaders do the right thing and managers do things right." A more standard definition is usually something like "managers work toward the organization's goals using its resources in an effective and efficient manner." In a traditional sense, large organizations may have different levels of managers, including top managers, middle managers and first-line managers.

Top (or executive) managers are responsible for overseeing the whole organization and typically engage in more strategic and conceptual matters, with less attention to day-to-day detail. Top managers have middle managers working for them and who are in charge of a major function or department. Middle managers may have first-line managers working for them and who are responsible to manage the day-to-day activities of a group of workers.

Note that there are different types of managers across the same levels in the organization. A project manager is in charge of developing a certain project, e.g., development of a new building. A functional manager is in charge of a major function, such as a department in the organization, e.g., marketing, sales, engineering, finance, etc. A product manager is in charge of a product or service. Similarly, a product line manager is in charge of a group of closely related products. General managers are in charge of numerous functions within an organization or department.

Ex. 7. Match the beginning of the sentence with the ending of it.

Beginning	Ending
Top managers have middle managers working for	the same levels in the organization
Note that there are different types of managers across	e.g., development of a new building
A project manager is in charge of developing a certain project,	in charge of a product or service
A product manager is	of numerous functions within an organization or department
General managers are in charge	them and who are in charge of a major function or department

Grammar focus.

Present Simple (факты, повторяющиеся или постоянные действия)

	always, usually, often, seldom, sometimes, as a rule, every day/week, regularly
Утвердительная форма	I/we/you/they translate economic texts as a rule. He/she translates economic texts as a rule.
Вопросительная форма	Do I/we/you/they translate economic texts as a rule? Does he/she translate economic texts as a rule?
Отрицательная форма	I/we/you/they do not (don’t) translate economic texts as a rule. He/she does not (doesn’t) translate economic texts as a rule.

Ex. 1. Complete this table as it’s shown in the example.

	+	-	?
I (do)	I do	I don’t do	Do you do?
He( work)
She (sleep)
We( work)
They (drink)
Mike (write)
You (have)
We( be)
I (go)
He (be)
She (jump)

Ex. 2. Open the brackets using Present Simple Tense.

1. She (to learn) English.

2. I (to like) music.

3. My brother (to be) a school-boy. He (to go) to school.

4. Michael (to do) his lessons every day.

5. She (to live) in this house.

6. After supper my sister (to go) for a walk.

7. We (to visit) our grandparents very often.

8. The girl (to sing) very well.

9. My father (to work) at school.

10. Usually I (to have) dinner at 3 o’clock.

Ex. 3. Make the negative form of the verbs.

1. He goes to school every day.

2. My sister works here.

3. They eat a lot.

4. We work every day.

5. I come from Ukraine.

6. He comes from Germany.

7. They live in the USA.

8. He plays football every day.

9. I visit my parents very often.

10. His father works at an office.

Ex. 4. Put yes/no question to the following sentences.

1. He goes to school every day.

2. My sister works here.

3. They eat a lot.

4. We work every day.

5. I come from Ukraine.

6. He comes from Germany.

7. They live in the USA.

8. He plays football every day.

9. I visit my parents very often.

10. His father works at an office.

CРАВНИТЕ:

Present Simple	Present Continuous
в общем (регулярно, часто, никогда) Colin plays football every Tuesday. действия протекают одно за другим First Colin plays football, and then he watches TV.	в данный момент Look! Colin is playing football now. несколько действий протекаю параллельно Colin is playing football and Anne is watching.
Указывающие словосочетания
always every ... often normally usually sometimes seldom never first then	at the moment at this moment today now right now Listen! Look!
Внимание: глаголы, не употребляющиеся в Present Continuous: be have hear know like love see smell think want

Ex. 5. Open the brackets using Present Simple or Present Continuous

1. His father (not to watch) TV at the moment. He (to sleep) because he (to be) tired.

2. Pat (not to cook) dinner at the moment. She (to talk) dinner every Monday.

3. I (not to drink) coffee now. I (to write) an English exercise.

4. I (not to drink) coffee in the evening. I (to drink) coffee in the morning.

5. Your friend (to do) his homework now?

6. Your friend (to go) to school in the morning?

7. Look! The baby (to sleep).

8. The baby always (to sleep) after dinner.

9. My grandmother (not to work). She is on pension.

10. My father (not to sleep) now. He (to work) in the garden.

11. I usually (to get) up at seven o’clock in the morning.

12. What your sister (to do) now? – She (to wash) her face and hands.

13. When you usually (to come) home from school? – I (to come) at three o’clock.

14. Where your cousin (to work)? – He (to work) at a hospital.

15. Your sister (to study) at college? – No, she (to go) to school.

Ex. 6. Choose the correct variant: Present Simple or Present Continuous

1. What time … for dinner tonight? a) is Nick and Rosa coming b) Nick and Rosa are coming c) do Nick and Rosa come d) are Nick and Rosa coming

2. I … in the car now. a) am waiting b) wait c) is waiting

3. Take your umbrella. It … cats and dogs. a) rained b) are raining c) is raining

4. My Dad … overtime this week. a) works b) are working c) is working

5. I really … snakes after that case. a) am detesting b) detest

6. At the moment we … over the desert. a) have flying b) flied c) are flying

7. I … what you said. a) am thinking about b) am thinking c) think about d) think

8. Look! David and Max … home. a) come b) are coming c) have come

9. My dog Charlie … to the park. a) is running b) run c) does run

10. People … in gods from the earliest times. a) believe b) are believe

с) is believing

Ex. 7. Translate these sentences from Russian into English.

1. Ваши сестры живут в Москве? – Нет, в Самаре. 2. Вы читаете много английских книг? – Сейчас мы читаем очень мало английских книг. 3. Иногда мы разговариваем по-французски. 4. Обычно мы пишем пять или шесть предложений на доске. 5. Я живу в центре города. 6. Мой друг изучает два иностранных языка. 7. Вы делаете много упражнений дома? – Да, очень много. 8. Она не любит повторять грамматические правила. 9. Нам нравиться говорить по-английски. 10. Он не любит писать письма. 11. Он учит сейчас своего сына кататься на велосипеде. 12. Смотри! Дождь идет. У тебя есть зонт? 13. Сегодня хорошая погода. Солнце светит и птицы поют. 14. Где Том? – Он ремонтирует автомобиль. 15. В детской очень тихо. Иди и посмотри, что они там делают.

LESSON 3 What Do Managers Do?

Ex. 1. Copy and memorize the following terms.

Word box

staffing planning – планирование кадрового обеспечения (укомплектования персоналом) goal – задача, цель completion – завершение, окончание to oversee - надзирать, следить, (за чем-л.) Planning - планирование Leading – руководство, указание, инструкция Controlling – контроль, управление Coordinating – координация (действий, работы) to avoid risks – избежать риска procedures – процедуры, процессы

Ex. 2. Match the English terms in column A with their Russian equivalents in column B.

A	B
to identify	цели, задачи, задания
responsibility	ответственность
tasks	достигать
to advertise	направление
to achieve	реорганизовать
to re-organize	повлиять
to influence	определять, обнаружить
direction	установить
to pursue	продолжить, преследовать
to establish	рекламировать

Ex. 3. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the words in Ex.1 and Ex.2.

1. He set a goal for himself of exercising at least three times a week.

2. He will receive his degree upon completion of his studies.

3. She identified the dog as her lost pet.

4. Mowing the lawn is your responsibility.

5. The film established her as a star.

6. He chose to pursue a college degree.

7. I was deeply influenced by my parents.

8. The company is reorganizing as a corporation.

9. She is very strict and controlling.

10. He was hired to oversee design and construction of the new facility.

Ex. 3. Copy the following words and memorize their meanings:

private ownership - частная собственность (владение)

to rely on - полагаться на

to allocate - распределять, размещать

value — ценность, стоимость

profit - прибыль

income - доход

an entrepreneur - предприниматель

sufficient - существенный

according to - согласно, соответственно чему-либо

equal (ant. unequal) - равный

decision-making - принятие решений

wage - заработная плата

rather than - скорее.. .чем, а н е . . .

Ex. 4.Translate the following sentences from English into Russian.

1. Capitalism - is an economic system characterized by private ownership of most resources, goods and services.

2. Capitalism relies on the market system to allocate resources, goods and services to their most highly used value.

3. In capitalist economy what to produce is determined by consumers, how to produce is determined by profit-seeking entrepreneurs, who maximize profit by producing in the most sufficient manner, and for whom to produce is determined by income and prices.

4. In a capitalist system workers are generally paid according to how productive they are, and the distribution of income is unequal because people differ in their abilities.

5. In socialist system government planners set wages and though wages are not equal for all workers, incomes tend to be more evenly distributed than in capitalist countries.

6. Communism - is an economic system in which all resources (including labor) are commonly owned and economic decisions making is centrally planned.

7. According to communist theory goods are produced for use rather than to earn profits and that everyone's needs are met. Communist countries have central planning boards that set prices.

Ex. 5. Give English equivalents to the following:

полагаться на, увеличить прибыль, определяться кем-либо, распре- деление доходов, в соответствии с, способность, при социалистической системе, правительственные власти, устанавливать зарплату, делать вклад, советы (департаменты) по планированию.

Ex. 6.Complete these sentences with the words given below and translate them into Russian:

government authority a government planner the distribution of income to determine

1. Capitalism relies on……………..

2. In capitalist system how to produce – is…………by profit-seeking entrepreneurs.

3. In capitalist system………. is unequal because people differ in their abilities.

4. Under socialist system……… answer the "what", "how" and "for whom" questions.

5. In centrally planned economies ………decide what goods will be produced.

Read the text and translate it, using a dictionary, if necessary.