Modal verbs
Ex 1. Fill in the gaps with can or may.
1. … I come in? 2. Let me look at your exercises. I … be able to help you. 3. Libraries are quite free, and anyone who likes … get books there. 4. I … come and see you tomorrow if I have time. 5. Take your raincoat with you: it … rain today. 6. Do you think you … do that? 7. I … finish the work tomorrow if no one bothers me anymore. 8. … we come and see you next Sunday at three o’clock in the afternoon? 9. What time is it? – It … - be about six o’clock, but I am not sure. 10. Only a person who knows the language very well … answer such a question.
Ex 2. Translate the following sentences with must into Russian.
1. Don't worry! This is not important. - Not important! You must be joking! 2. He never comes to work late! He must have overslept today. 3. You must not argue with the boss. 4. She must stop eating much and she must lose weight. 5. You must stop smoking ! If you don't, you're going to have serious problems with your lungs some day. 6. You must work hard at your English. 7. Must we learn the poem today? 8. It must be very difficult to learn Chinese. 9. You must not talk at the lessons. 10. You must not make notes in the books.
Ex 3. Paraphrase the following sentences using the modal verb need.
E.g. 1) It is not necessary to go there. You need not go there.
1. There was no necessity for her to do it herself. 2. There is no reason for you to worry: he is as strong as a horse. 3. There is no need for you to be present. 4. Why did you mention all these figures? The situation was clear as it was. 5. Why do you want to press the skirt? It is not creased at all. 6. It was not necessary for you to remind me about her birthday. I remember the date very well. 7. It was not necessary for mother to cook this enormous dinner: we have brought all the food the children may want. 8. It was not necessary to go there. 9. There was no necessity for her to do it herself. 10. It is not necessary to take the six-thirty. A later train will do as well.
Ex 4. Give an advice using the modal verb should and the words in brackets.
E.g.: Her diction is not very good. (to read aloud) - She should read aloud. l. This child doesn’t want to eat soup. (not to give her sweets before dinner) 2. The dog is afraid of him. (not to shout at the dog) 3. The boy is a little pale. (to play out of doors) 4. I am afraid you will miss the train. (to take a taxi) 5. The students are unable to follow what I am saying. (not to speak so fast). 6. There is no one in. (to try the room next door) 7. I have a slight irritation in my throat. (to smoke less). 8. She makes a lot of spelling mistakes. (to copy passages out of a book)
9. The weather is so dark today. (to take an umbrella)
10. I have a strong headache. (to take a medicine)
Ex. 5. Translate these sentences from Russian into English.
1. Он должен работать на этом большом совместном предприятии. 2. Ей не следует прогуливаться вдоль этой узкой темной улицы. 3. Они могут наблюдать яркие звезды на синем небе. 4. Вы можете помочь почистить эту большую зеленую клумбу. 5. Я могу перевести этот короткий текст. 6. Мы можем ответить на этот вопрос. 7. Мой брат должен выполнить задачу. 8. Его сестра может помыть окна. 9. Он самый известный музыкант в городе. 10. Ее муж может очень хорошо играть в футбол. 11. Этот автобус более комфортабельный, чем тот. 12. Этот переулок более узкий, чем тот. 13. Этот красивый проспект самый широкий в городе. 14. Этот перекресток самый оживленный в этом районе. 15. Это здание самое красивое на этой улице. 16. Этот преподаватель самый молодой в нашем институте.
LESSON 7 MARKETING MANAGEMENT
Ex. 1. Copy and memorize the following terms.
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WORD BOX
Variety – разнообразие, множество
To refer to – относиться к…..относится к
consumer – клиент, потребитель
research - исследование
long-term - долгосрочный
sales volume – объем продаж
market share – доля рынка
profitability - рентабельность
to deny – отрицать, отказывать
due to – из-за
to consider – рассмотреть, считать, полагать, учитывать
Ex. 2. Match the English terms in column A with their Russian equivalents in column B.
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ffort
Ex. 3. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the words in Ex.1 and Ex.2.
I was surprised by the variety of the choices that were available.
Many consumers are still not comfortable making purchases on the Internet.
The study is an important piece of research.
he movie was very profitable.
Yes, I was there. I don't deny it.
The judge denied their request.
He put a lot of effort into finishing the project on time.
It wasn't easy, but it was worth the effort.
Each employee will be issued an identification card.
The Post Office will issue a new first-class stamp.
Ex. 4.A Copy the following words and memorize their meanings:
a coin - монета
a transaction - сделка
to be regarded - рассматривать, считать
legal tender - законное платежное средство
substitute - заменитель
medium of exchange - средство обмена
to purchase ~ приобретать, покупать
Ex. 4.B. Translate the following sentences from English into Russian.
Coins are adequate for small transactions, while paper notes are used for general business.
Because gold has been universally regarded as a very valuable metal, national currencies were for many years judged in terms of the so-called gold standard.
Valuable metals have generally been replaced by paper notes. These notes are used by governments and authorized banks, and are known as legal tender.
Other arrangements such as checks and money orders are not legal tender. They perform the function of substitute money and are known as instruments of credit.
The value of money is basically its value as a medium of exchange, or, as economists put it, its purchasing power.
Ex. 5. Give English equivalents to the following:
обменивать на, более широкий смысл, средство обмена, первоначально, национальная валюта, заменить чем-либо, выполнять функцию, вызывать сомнение, заплатить за товар чеком, зависеть от, спрос и предложение, общий оборот, связан с, с другой стороны, условия.
Read the text and translate it, using a dictionary, if necessary.