The Present Perfect

Утвердительная форма		Вопросительная форма			Отрицательная форма
... + have/has + III		Have/has ... + III?			... have/has not + III
I have (=I've) played. Я сыграл. ( уже или ранее )		Have I played? Я сыграл?			I have not (=I haven't) played. Я не сыграл.
He She It	has played =(...'s played)	Has	he she it	played?	He She It	has not played =(hasn't played)
We You They	have played =(...'ve played)	Have	we you they	played?	We You They	have not played =(haven't played)

Present Perfect употребляется для выражения действия или состояния уже завершившегося к моменту речи, если результат свершившегося имеет значение в настоящий момент.

Present Perfect часто употребляется со словами, выражающими незаконченный период времени: today, this, week (month, year), а также с наречиями ever, never, just, которые ставятся перед смысловым глаголом.

N.B: Наречие already ставится перед смысловым глаголом в утвердительных предложениях, yet - в конце вопросительных или отрицательных предложений.

Наречия lately, recently, once и сочетания up to now, many times ставятся, как правило, в конце предложений.

Present Perfect употребляется также для выражения действия, начавшегося в предшествующий период, но еще не закончившегося. В этом случае глагол в форме Perfect переводится на русский язык, как правило, глаголом в настоящем времени, обозначающим незаконченный отрезок времени, - обстоятельства с предлогом for (for ages) или since (since morning).

Ex.1. Open the brackets and put the verbs in Present Perfect.

1. John (write) his name.

2. I (draw) a picture.

3. Tom (blow out) the light.

4. The cat (drink) its milk.

5. The tree (fall) across the road.

6. John (give) his bicycle.

8. We (eat) our dinner.

9. The train just (go).

10. I just (tell) the answer.

Ex.2. Translate the sentences. Put general questions and answer them.

1. Jack has washed the dog.

2. Father has already cleaned his car.

3. Mr. Snowdon has made a speech at the conference.

4. Granny has bought me some cakes.

5. They have painted their old house.

6. Liz has bought some flowers.

7. My sister has just cooked breakfast for the family.

8. The cat has already eaten fish.

9. Mrs. Gracy has gone to London.

10. I have never been to India.

Ex.3. Change the verbs in Present Perfect and translate the sentences into Russian.

1. The pupils are writing the dictation.

2. My friend is helping me to solve a difficult problem.

3. I am learning a poem.

4. She is telling them an interesting story.

5. Kate is sweeping the floor.

6. The waiter is putting a bottle of lemonade in front of him.

7. I am eating my breakfast.

8. We are drinking water.

9. He is bringing them some meat and vegetables.

10 You are putting the dishes on the table.

Ex.4. Match the phrases from column A with phrases from column B.

A	B
Have you read anything by John Grisham?	No, we haven’t. We are going away next month.
Has she got a new car?	No, they haven’t. They’ve had no news.
Have they been in touch yet?	Yes. She’s bought a Ford.
Has Freddy finished at university yet?	Yes, you have. Congratulations.
Have your parents given you a car?	Yes, they have. I’m very lucky.
Have we decided on a time of a meeting?	No, he hasn’t. He’s got another year to do.
Have you been on holiday yet this year?	Yes, I think we said ten o’clock.
Have I passed?	Yes, I have. I really like his books.

Ex.5. Open the brackets and put the verbs in Present Perfect or Past Simple.

1. I (to see) Pete today.

a) have see

b) saw

c) have seen

2. I (to read) this book last year.

a) readed

b) read

c) have read

3. I (to read) this book this week.

a) have read

b) read

c) has read

4. I never (to be) to Washington.

a) have never been

b) was

c) never have been

5. You ever (to be) to New York?

a) Did you ever be

b) You have ever been

c) Have you ever been

6. You ever (to see) the eruption of a volcano?

a) Have you seen ever

b) Have you ever see

c) Have you ever seen

7. He (not to eat) yesterday.

a) didn't eat

b) didn't ate

c) hasn't eaten

8. You (to play) the piano yesterday?

a) Have you play

b) Did you play

c) Did you played

9. You (to play) the piano today?

a) Did you play

b) You have played

c) Have you played

10. Where you (to put) my pen? I cannot find it.

a) you put

b) Did you put

c) Have you put

Ex.6. Open the brackets and put the verbs in Present Perfect or Past Simple.

1. We (to travel) around Europe last year.

2. My father knows so much because he (to travel) a lot.

3. I (to see) Pete today,

4. She (to see) this film last Sunday.

5. Alex (to meet) his friend two hours ago.

6. I just (to meet) our teacher.

7. The children already (to decide) what to do with the books.

8. Yesterday they (to decide) to help their grandmother.

9. Helen speaks French so well because she (to live) in France.

10. She (to live) there last year.

11. The rain (to stop) and the sun is shining in the sky again.

12. The rain (to stop) half an hour ago.

13. Mary (to buy) a new hat.

14. I (to buy) a pair of gloves yesterday.

15. The wind (to blow) off the man's hat, and he cannot catch it.

Ex. 7. Translate these sentences from Russian into English.

1. Вчера он получил письмо. 2. Неделю назад моя сестра мыла окна. 3. Вчера я не повто­рял слова. 4. Несколько лет назад мой дед играл в футбол. 5. Мама отдыхала в саду час назад. 6. Они принесли диски на прошлой неделе. 7. Он встре­тил ее в офисе вчера. 8. Ты вчера переводил текст? 9. Почему вы не повторяли слова? 10. Какие оценки ты получил вчера? 11. Мы только что посмотрели интересный фильм. 12. Я еще не прочитал эту книгу. 13. Моя мама уже приготовила завтрак. 14. Мой брат недавно написал статью. 15. Я уже перевел предложения. 16. Я давно видел этот фильм. 17. Как вы написали проверочную работу? 18. Он уже забыл ее. 19. Мы недавно купили стиральную машину. 20. Мы редко встречаем друг друга.

LESSON 5 WHAT IS PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT?