- •Theoretical Grammar
- •The subject-matter of theoretical grammar. Its relation to practical grammar.
- •2. Morphology and syntax as two main parts of grammar.
- •3. Language as a structure. Language levels.
- •4. Systemic relations in language. Syntagmatic relations.
- •5. Systemic relations in language. Paradigmatic relations.
- •6. Explicit grammatical categories. Implicit lexico-grammatical categories. Types and kinds of oppositions. The notion of a paradigm.
- •7. General characteristics of the verb as a part of speech. Grammatically relevant subclasses of verbs (transitive/intransitive, terminative/non- terminative).
- •8. The noun as a part of speech. Grammatically relevant classes of nouns. Morphological, semantic and syntactic properties of the noun.
- •9. Syntax as a part of grammar. Its practical objections and concepts.
- •10. Classification of sentences according to the purpose of utterance and according to their structure.
- •Лексикологія
- •1. The morphological structure of a word. (Морфологічна структура слова).
- •2. Word-formation. Productive ways: affixation, conversion, compounding, shortening. (Словотвір. Продуктивні способи словотвору: афіксація, конверсія, словоскладання, скорочення).
- •4. Polysemy in English. Homonyms and their classifications. (Полісемія в англійській мові. Омоніми та їх класифікації).
- •5. Synonymy and antonymy in English. Neologisms and archaisms. (Синонімія й антонімія в англійській мові. Неологізми та архаїзм).
- •Теоретична фонетика
- •The articulatory classification of the English vowels. (Класифікація англійських голосних за артикуляцією.) the main principles of all current articulatory classifications of vow.
- •Articulatory and physiological classification of e vowels.
- •Articulatery and physiological classification of e vowels. According to the degree of tenseness, length.
- •Articulatery and physiological classification of e vowels. According to the stability of articulation.
- •Articulatory and physiological classification of English consonants. Accord to the manner of noise production and the type of obstruction, position of the soft palate.
- •English word stress: notions, types, functions. (Словесний наголос в англійській мові: поняття,типи,функції.)
- •The syllable as an integral part of the word. Types of syllables in English Склад як невід’ємна частина слова. (Типи складів в англійській мові.)
- •Functional characteristics of the syllable
- •Prosodic system of the English language/ intonation. (Просодійна система англійської мови/ інтонація.)
- •Окремі питання по граматиці!!!
- •1.Категорії роду та відмінка в англійській мові. (Categories of gender and case in English).
- •2.Категорія числа в системі англійської мови. Абсолютна однина й абсолютна множина. (Number in the system of the English language. Singularia tantum and pluralia tantum).
- •3.Час і аспект як граматичні категорії дієслова в англійській мові. (Tense and aspect as grammatical categories of the English verb).
- •4. Категорія стану дієслів в англійській мові. Проблема середнього стану. (Voice in the system of the English verb. The problem of medial voices).
- •5.Категорія способу в англійській мові. Дійсний, наказовий та умовний способи. (Category of mood in English . Indicative, Imperative, Subjunctive).
- •Indicative Mood:
- •Imperative Mood:
- •Infinitive Mood:
- •6.Просте речення як монопредикативна конструкція. Актуальне членування речення. (Actual division of the sentence).
- •7.Складносурядне речення і типи сурядного зв’язку (Compound sentence and types of coordination).
- •8.Складнопідрядне речення як поліпредикативна конструкція (Complex sentence as a polypredicative construction).
- •Країнознавство
- •Geographical and climatic peculiarities of the United Kingdom. (Загальні відомості про географічні та кліматичні особливості Об’єднаного Королівства Великобританії.)
- •The usa: regional, geographical, climatic and economical peculiarities. (Сполучені Штати Америки: регіональні кліматичні та географічні особливості.)
- •A) Political system of the uk.
- •4. Система освіти у Великобританії. Відомі університети та коледжі./Education in Great Britain. Famous universities and colleges.
- •5.Свята та традиції англомовних країн./Traditions and holidays of English-speaking countries.
- •6.Загальні відомості про країни – члени Співдружності./General facts about the Commonwealth members.
- •История английского языка
- •Old Enlgish lexical system
- •2.Phonetic processes in Middle English (system of consonants)
- •3. Old English grammatical system.
- •Middle English grammatical system
- •Phonetic changes in Old, Middle and Modern English.
- •Independent changes. Development of monophthongs
- •Velar consonants in Early Old English. Growth of New Phonemes
The syllable as an integral part of the word. Types of syllables in English Склад як невід’ємна частина слова. (Типи складів в англійській мові.)
The syllabile as a unit is difficult to define, though native speakers of a language are usually able to state how many syllables there are in a particular word.
According to J. Kenyon the syllable is one or more speech sound, forming a single uninterrupted unit of utterance. The syllable can be a single word:hair, a part of a word: table, a part of the grammatical form of a word:disable.
The syllable can be analysed from the acoustic and auditory, articulatory and functional points of view. Acoustically and auditorily the syllable is characterized by the force of utterance, or accent, pitch of the voice, sonority and length, that is by prosodic features.
Auditorily the syllabic is the smallest unit of perception. A syllable can be formed by a vowel: (V); by a vowel and a consonant: (VC); by a consonant and a sonorant (CS).
V — types of syllable called uncovered open, err
VC — types of syllable called uncovered closed, eat
CVC — types of syllable called covered closed,pit
CV — types of syllable called covered open,
G. P. Torsuyev suggests a differentiation of the following Russian types of syllabic structures:V type- fully open, CVC type-fully closed, CV type- initially covered, VC type- finally covered. The structure of English and Russian syl-s is similar.
The peak of the syl is formed by a vow or a sonorant. The cons which precede the peak and follow it are called slopes. The cons[h] never begins, [w] never terminates the syl. Syllable-forming sonorants in the combinations of the CS type are terminal /m, n, l/.
The combinability of syl forming sonorance is the following: [l] combines with all con-s exept [Ө,ð]. The sound [n] combines with all cons exept [m,h, n]. [m] combines only with [s,z,p, Ө,ð]
The distribution of consonants in the syllables of the CSC type is characterized by the following features: initial consonants may be represented by the peak sonorants may be represented by /n, m, l/; final consonants are represented by
The distribution of consonants in the syllables of the CSCC type is characterized by the following features: the initial consonant may be represented by The peak of syllable is represented by the sonorants [n,l], they are immediately followed by /t, d, s/; final consonants are represented by
The syllables of the CSVSCC type: entrants /'entrЭnts/, emigrants /'emigrЭnts/, minstrels /'minstrЭls/, hydrants /'haidrЭnts/ can be pronounced without (V)|— CSSCC type.
Russian terminal sonorants do not form syllables with consonants, which precede them.
Final clusters in English are much more complex than initial ones. They express different grammatical meanings: plurality, tense, number, e.g. texts, mixed, glimpsed.
The structure of the Russian syllable is characterized by more complex and numerous initial clusters, they represent grammatical prefixes, e.g. вскрикнуть, всплакнуть, взрыв, кстати.