Упражнение 2. Прочтите текст. Передайте на английском языке основную информацию каждого абзаца.

Economy of The Republic of India

Rank	11th (nominal) GDP/ 4th (PPP)
Currency	Indian Rupee (INR) = 100 Paise
Labour force	467 million
Export goods	software, petroleum products, textile goods, gems and jewelry, engineering goods, chemicals, leather manufactures (US, UAE , China )
Import goods	crude oil, machinery, gems, fertilizer, chemicals (China, Saudi Arabia , US, UAE, Iran , Singapore, Germany)

1. India's economy is the eleventh largest in the world by nominal GDP and the fourth largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). Economists predict that by 2020, India will be among the leading economies of the world. India was under social democratic-based policies from 1947 to 1991(colonial period was from 1773 to 1947). The economy was characterised by extensive regulation, protectionism, public ownership, pervasive corruption and slow growth. Since 1991, continuing economic liberalisation has moved the country toward a market-based economy. In recent years, Indian cities have continued to liberalize business regulations and by 2008, India had established itself as the world's second-fastest growing major economy.

2.Agriculture is the predominant occupation in India, accounting for about 52% of employment. India's total cultivable area is about 60% of total land area, which is decreasing due to constant pressure from an ever-growing population and increased urbanization. India is the largest producer in the world of milk, jute and pulses, and also has the world's second largest cattle population with 175 million heads. It is the second largest producer of rice, wheat, sugarcane, cotton and silk in the world. Textile manufacturing (woolens, hosiery, knitted garments, casual wear and sportswear) is the second largest source of employment after agriculture and accounts for 20% of manufacturing output, providing employment to over 20 million people (woolens, hosiery, knitted garments, casual wear and sportswear)

3.India is poor in oil resources and is currently heavily dependent on coal and foreign oil imports for its energy needs. Though India is rich in Thorium, but not in Uranium, which it might get access to in light of the nuclear deal with US. India is rich in certain energy resources which promise significant future potential - clean / renewable energy resources like solar, wind, biofuels (jatropha, sugarcane).Major mineral resources include Coal (third-largest reserves in the world), Iron ore, Manganese, Mica, Bauxite, Titanium ore, Chromite, Natural gas, Diamonds, Petroleum, Limestone and Thorium. The growth in the IT sector is attributed to increased specialization, and an availability of a large pool of low cost, but highly skilled, educated and fluent English-speaking workers is relatively undeveloped, but growing at double digits. Some hospitals woo medical tourism, the rapidly-growing practice of travelling across international borders to obtain health care. The service sector makes up 34%.

4.Around half of Indian children are malnourished. The proportion of underweight children is nearly double that of Sub-Saharan Africa. However, India has not had any major famines since Independence. A 2007 report found that 65% of Indians, or 750 million people, lived on less than 20 (US$0.43) per day, with most working in "informal labour sector with no job or social security, living in abject poverty”. In spite of the high growth rate, the report stated that India would continue to remain a low-income country for decades to come but could be a "motor for the world economy" if it fulfills its growth potential

Упражнение 3. Выполните устный перевод с опорой на текст

Two-way Interpreting ( Dialogue and Liason Translation ) (А.П.Чужакин. Мир перевода -3. 2005,Стр. 121- 135)

Interview with John Morris, one of the managers of the General Motors company

Q: Г-н Моррис, компания «Дженерал Моторс» является одной из ведущих автомобильных компаний мира. Ваша фирма постоян­но совершенствует свою технологию, разрабатывает новые модели автомобилей, совершенствует технологический процесс. Какие новейшие разработки ведет компания в данное время?

A: Weil, General Motors spent a good part of January trying to whip up (подогреть) enthusiasm for its newest automobile offering: the 1998 Corvette. This sleek, ultramaneuverable sports car, which sells for about $ 40,000, will hit 172 miles an hour if you really push it, But high powered as the Corvette is, it's a mere jalopy (драндулет) compared with GM's new financial vehicle, which we'll call the Loophole («лазейка»). If all goes as planned, the Loophole will let GM and its stockholders dodge (evade) some $ 1 billion in income taxes — meaning the Loophole will produce more money in one shot than the Corvette is likely to make in a generation.

Q: Как видно из ваших слов, «Дженерал Моторс» очень любит свое новое детище. Очевидно, вы планируете, что оно принесет вашей компании определенную прибыль?

A: You can see why the GM loves the Loophole. If this snazzy vehicle performs, GM and its shareholders end up with a collective $ 9.5 billion in their pockets. Without the Loophole, they end up with maybe $ 6.5 billion. Since GM's managers are paid to make money for shareholders, you can see why they prefer the $ 9.5 billion. GM's managers, accountants and lawyers are, of course, doing exactly what they are paid to do.

Q: Г-н Моррис, в свое время в обиходе была расхожая поговор­ка: «Что хорошо для ''Дженерал Моторс", хорошо и для Соединен­ных Штатов». Вы согласны с подобным изречением?

A: No, I don't. What's good for the General Motors isn't good for the country. Especially because there seems to be nothing to stop dozens of other companies from adapting the Loophole to unload assets without paying capital-gains taxes. To understand why this can happen, you've got to really understand how the Loophole works.

Упражнение 4. Выполните подготовленный перевод с листа ( Мешков-Лэмберт)

Возврат к прежним критериям 1.Выше мы уже видели, что рециркуля­ция была однажды вопросом здравого смысла в Японии. Если подойти к этой проблеме с фундаментальных позиций, то легко видеть, что вся экосистема Земли функционирует по принципу постоянной рециркуляции. Морская вода, испаряясь, образует облака, которые выпадают в виде дождя на землю. Травы и деревья превращают двуокись углерода, поглоща­емую из воздуха и воды, в кислород, необ­ходимый для жизни животных. Расте­ния—жизненно важное звено в цепочке питания—поддерживают жизнь живот­ных и способствуют постоянному обога­щению почвы. Однако система рецирку­ляции Земли разрушается нефтяными уг­леводородами и другими загрязняющими веществами, которые наносят вред окру­жающей среде и не возвращаются в поч­ву. Иными словами, сегодня крайне важно направить усилия людей в области рецир­куляции на восстановление естественного баланса экологической системы планеты.	A return to former criteria We have already mentioned that recy­cling was once a common sense matter in Japan. Looking at basics, it is easy to see that the whole of our eco-system functions on the principle of constant recycling. Sea water evaporates to form clouds which fall to earth in the form of rain. Grass and trees convert carbon dioxides, taken in from air and water, into the oxygen so es­sential to animal life. Plants are a vital link in the food chain, supporting animal life and contributing to the constant en­richment of the soil. However, the earth's recycling system is ruined by petroleum hydrocarbons and other pollutants, which harm the environment and which do not revert to soil. In other words it is ex­tremely important that all efforts be di­rected at restoring the natural balance of the planet's ecological system.
Переводческие решения ... вопрос здравого смысла ... ... если подойти к этой проблеме с фундаментальных позиций .„ ... наносят вред окружающей среде ...	Translator's Decisions ... a common sense matter ... ... looking at basics ... ... harm the environment ...
2.Что может сделать отдельный потре­битель, так это вести образ жизни, осно­ванный на осознании необходимости ре­циркуляции. Небольшие усилия отдель­ных людей дадут в национальном масшта­бе мощную совокупную силу. И неважно, насколько снизится производство мусора отдельными людьми, ибо пока изготови­тели будут проводить политику массовой продажи и массового выбрасывания по­требительских товаров, роль рециркуля­ции будет невелика. Чтобы рециркуля­ция укоренилась как конкретная социа­льная система, необходимо, чтобы отдель­ные люди, предприниматели и правитель­ства более глубоко осознали действитель­ную важность сохранения окружающей среды на планете Земля.	The individual consumer must have a way of life that is based on an awareness of the need to recycle. The modest efforts of individuals will, on a national scale, produce a massive combined force. And yet it won't really matter how much less rubbish is produced by the individual be­cause, as long as manufacturers pursue a policy of mass production and bulk sales of consumer goods the role of recycling will be insignificant. For recycling to take root as a social system, individuals, em­ployers and government must recognize the importance of conserving the environ­ment of our planet Earth.
Переводческие решения ... осознание необходимости рециркуляции .... массовое выбрасывание потребительских товаров .. ... чтобы рециркуляция укоренилась	Translator's Decisions ... awareness of the need to recycle ... ... bulk sales ... ... for recycling to take root ...

Упражнение 5. (Е.В. Бреус. Теория и практика перевода с английского на русский)

23. ЧЛЕНЕНИЕ ВЫСКАЗЫВАНИЙ, СОДЕРЖАЩИХ ВВОДНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ И ОГОВОРКИ

1. Sometimes, when she saw him, she felt— there was no repressing it — plain irritated.

2. We were overjoyed — there was about a week to go — until we saw the premises. Our faces fell, our hearts sank.

3. Britain's financial problems will be magnified— if not caused— by trying to run a world currency.

4. In his message on Thursday — the most recent of many unheeded urgings for stricter gun laws — the President pointed out that in England there were only 30 gun murders a year.

5. Few Northerners could stomach any strengthening of the Fugitive Slave Act, the most bitterly hated measure — and until Prohibition, the most flagrantly disobeyed— ever passed by Congress.

6. Few, if any, organized attempts have been made to study hailstorms.

7. If anything, the membership in Congress ought to be reduced to four hundred or less.

8. It was a situation of delicacy to be tactfully approached — if at all.

9. "I'm going out. I've got to be free of this house for a while. Don't ex­pect me till to-morrow — if then".

10. "Gold and World Power" is a clear, if somewhat repetitive, tract on the problems of the two reserve currencies

24. ЧЛЕНЕНИЕ ВЫСКАЗЫВАНИЙ, СОДЕРЖАЩИХ ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВЕННЫЕ ОБОРОТЫ, СЛОВА И СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЯ В ФУНКЦИИ ДОПОЛНЕНИЯ И ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ

1. She broke off under the strain of her illiteracy and an overloaded stomach.

2. After 70 years with an almost unchanged corporate structure among the major companies, the industry has seen four major transactions.

3. They refuse to accept their own responsibility for increasing costs to the quality of life.

4. In a complex world, the companies that thrive will be those who look for new approaches.

5. The general is a good man to keep away from.

6. The Chinese adjusted the use of some of the coal-fired plants around Beijing.

7. Some believe that business has ability and responsibility to find answers.

8. Tonight the sight of stunned families squatting in the street with a few meager possessions around them is a frequent one in many suburbs.

Упражнение 6. Interpreting Skills Training. Mini-Conference.

Задание. Прочтите выбранный отрывок. Перескажите максимально близко к тесту и попросите вашего партнера сделать устный перевод

1. Early 1000s: Heregeld

Lady Godiva's legendary ride naked through Coventry was perhaps one of the most effective anti-tax demonstrations in history. Her tyrannical husband, Earl Leofric, had imposed an oppressive tax called the Heregeld to pay for the King’s bodyguard.

After pleading with him to repeal the tax, Leofric replied: "You will have to ride naked through Coventry before I will change my ways". So Godiva took him at his word – after ordering the town to close all their windows and doors, she rode through the town with only her long golden hair as her cover. True to his word, Godiva’s husband repealed the hated tax.

2. 1773: Colonial taxes

The Boston Tea party was not a party, but a demonstration against the unfair taxation of colonies. The British Government gave the British East India Company, an English trade company, far more beneficial tax arrangements than its colonial competitors.

Demonstrators in Boston became particularly fed-up with this, and one night a group of protestors sneaked onboard a docked British East India Company ship and unloaded 45 tons of tea (worth an estimated £10,000 - that is about £953,000 today) into the sea. The event ultimately helped spark the American Revolution and the loss of America to the British Empire.

3. 1696: Window tax

Ever wondered why some old or listed buildings have their windows bricked up? When William III reigned, a new tax was imposed on houses with more than six windows to help pay for the wars in Ireland and on the continent. Homeowners with bricked up windows would have undoubtedly suffered dark rooms and poor ventilation but many considered that preferable to paying up. The tax was not repealed for 51 years.

4. 1995: Illegal drug tax (USA)

On January 1 2005, Tennessee joined 23 other states in imposing a tax for possession of illegal drugs. People who bought drugs had 48 hours to approach the Department of Revenue and pay tax. It was levied per gram - $3.50 for marijuana, $50 for cocaine, and $200 for meth and crack cocaine.

Drug buyers did not need to provide identification to pay the tax and it was illegal for revenue employees to report them. In just 18 months, Tennessee has collected nearly $2.7 million in revenue – although it is thought this came mainly from drug users who were arrested and found not to have paid the tax.

In July 2006, a judge decided the tax was unconstitutional and it was scrapped.

5. 1988: Removal of Mortgage Interest Relief

This was partly precipitated by a blunder by the then Chancellor, Nigel Lawson. In his budget, he announced that in less than five months time, he was ending double mortgage interest tax relief, which was a major subsidy to mortgage borrowers at the time.

This led to a surge of people buying a home to take advantage of the tax relief. One year later and interest rates had almost doubled to 15 per cent, crippling homeowners and leaving many facing repossession.

6. Late 1970s: The 98 per cent tax rate

During this period there was a 60 per cent top rate income tax and then an "investment income surcharge" of a further 15 per cent. There was no incentive to increase profits because virtually everything was taxed. It led to high levels of non-compliance and lots of avoidance, and was abolished by Nigel Lawson in 1984.

7. 1689: Tax incentives for gin production

Anyone familiar with Hogarth’s engraving, Gin Lane, will understand the implications of this tax blunder. William and Mary, the protestant monarchs who ruled between 1689 and 1702, discouraged the importation of brandy from the Catholic French and instead promoted the local production of gin by abolishing taxes and licensing fees.

Unfortunately, the affordability of gin made it a favourite drink of the poor, and soon lead to mass drunkenness, vice and poverty. Government attempts to reintroduce the tax only lead to a proliferation in the making of illegal - cheap and poor quality – gin. Finally, in 1751, the Tippling Act allowed for reasonable prices, taxes and regulation of production.

8. 1700s: Scottish whiskey tax

The Scottish government applied ever increasing rates of taxation on malt and whiskey in the early eighteenth century. Distillers were driven underground, making smuggling a standard practice for 150 years. By 1777 only eight licensed distilleries were paying taxes, while 400 unregistered stills were thought to operate within Edinburgh alone. By the 1820's around 14,000 illicit stills were being confiscated every year - suggesting more than half the whisky consumed in Scotland was “illegal”. Finally, in 1823 the Excise Act was passed, which sanctioned the distilling of whisky in return for a license fee of £10. Smuggling died out almost completely over the next 100 years.

9. 1990: Poll tax

This hated tax, set by local authorities, ended up being much more expensive than first thought – and eventually up to 30 per cent of people in some areas refused to pay. This culminated in the poll tax riots – 200,000 protestors attended Trafalgar Square on March 31 1990 – and ultimately to the downfall of Margaret Thatcher. It was replaced by council tax in 1993.

10. 1783: Hat tax

Prime Minister William Pitt added an excise duty to hats in 1783, costing retailers £2 a year in London and 5 shillings in the country. Duty was collected by means of a stamped ticket fixed to the lining of the hat. A national debate ensued about what forms of headgear were classed as a "hat" – so in 1804 the statutory definitions were recast to include every description of hat by whatever name it was known, and almost every material from which it could be made. It wasn't until 1811 that the tax was repealed.

Упражнение 7. Article

If Demography Is Destiny, Then India Has the Edge

Research from HSBC and Standard Chartered shows the U.S. and other industrialized nations slipping while some surprising leaders emerge

1.What do Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Israel, Venezuela, and Malaysia have in common? Those five nations will experience the world's fastest growth in their working-age populations between 2010 and 2050, according to a new report by HSBC (HBC), the London-based bank. The next five on the list, which draws on U.N. projections, are India, Colombia, Argentina, Turkey, and Ireland. In the present, it's an odd combination of economic stars and stumblers: Egypt still struggles with poverty, while Venezuela just devalued its currency. Ireland is practically a ward of the European Union. Yet if demography is destiny, as the 19th century French social scientist August Comte supposedly said, then all of these countries bear watching for big things in the coming four decades.

2.It's hard enough to predict gross domestic product a few quarters out. Undaunted, some economists are scanning the data for signs of the economic world order decades from now. The latest result is HSBC's Jan. 4 report, The World in 2050. After a period in which small, rich nations carried disproportionate clout, the dynamic is changing, according to HSBC. By 2050, says lead author Karen Ward, the bank's senior global economist, the emerging economies led by India and China will collectively be larger than the developed economies. Small European nations with low birthrates such as Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden will drop off the list of the 30 biggest economies.

3.HSBC's archrival, Standard Chartered, makes the same point in a November 2010 Super-Cycle Report, which looks ahead to the year 2030. The Standard Chartered authors foresee a return to historical norms for the world economy. In the year 1000, China and India together accounted for three-quarters of global output, according to estimates by economic historian Angus Maddison. China and India's combined share of output shrank to a puny 5 percent by 2000; it will rebound to 34 percent by 2030, estimates Standard Chartered. The U.S. share will decline from 31 percent in 2000 to 12 percent in 2030, Standard Chartered predicts.

4.Banks use scholarly reports such as these as calling cards for investment banking business, and the two banks' similar messages should go over well with their clients in emerging markets. Although both have headquarters in London, Standard Chartered gets 90 percent of its revenue from Asia, the Middle East, and Africa, while HSBC is the biggest bank in Hong Kong and the biggest international bank in mainland China.Standard Chartered says the world has entered the third "super-cycle" of the Industrial Age. In the first, from 1870 to the eve of World War I, the U.S. grew into the world's biggest economy. The second, from the end of World War II through the early 1970s, witnessed Japan's ascendance to second place behind the U.S. In the third, which Standard Chartered says began in 2000 and has no end in sight, China will vault into first place with 24 percent of world GDP by 2030, twice the U.S. share.

5.While Standard Chartered is ebullient about prospects for emerging markets, HSBC is merely optimistic. Citing research by Harvard University economist Robert J. Barro, HSBC's Ward says that extrapolating from current investment rates in emerging markets "will tend to overstate growth." Investments hinge on the quality of human capital, Ward notes. "With the average person in China spending six years of life in education vs. 12 years in the U.S., that constrains how quickly labor productivity can catch up," she said in an interview.The surprise winner is India, which despite its red tape, corruption, and inefficient politics will eventually surpass China's GDP growth rate, both banks project. China's top-line GDP growth will be inhibited by its one-child policy, which will cause its working-age population to shrink starting in the 2020s decade, says HSBC. India's working-age population will grow throughout the forecast period, the bank predicts, although not as rapidly as Saudi Arabia's, which the bank says will leap more than 70 percent from 2010 to 2050.

6.Using working-age population growth to predict the future has its limitations. Saudi Arabia even now suffers from widespread unemployment among its young. It will take a great effort to mold this youthful energy into a source of economic power. Rich nations will grow more slowly than emerging ones, both banks say, because they generally have slower-growing populations. And they are already close to the leading edge of technology, so there are no easy leapfrog opportunities. Standard Chartered says that "the continuing success of developed countries will depend more than ever on creativity." As emerging markets become wealthier, their demand for the sophisticated goods and services produced by developed countries should grow, the bank says. That is, unless the emerging nations move so fast up the learning curve that they provide their own sophisticated goods and services. "It's a very tough question" how the U.S. and other rich countries will fare in the contest for high-end products, says economist David Mann of Standard Chartered. Both banks conclude that strong global growth won't exhaust natural resources. HSBC cites an International Energy Agency scenario that says the price of oil could actually fall by 2050 if the world invests an extra $46 trillion in energy efficiency, renewables, nuclear, and "clean" coal. Standard Chartered expects the prices of oil and other commodities to rise—an investment opportunity, but not enough to choke off economic growth.

UNIT 14

Упражнение 1. Memory exercises

Bible Words and Phrases (III)

"Every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain and hill shall be made low".

"Всякий дол да наполнится, и всякая гора да понизятся"

"The Son of man shall come in his glory: and he shall separate them from one another, as a shepherd divideth his sheep from the goats" "O death, where is thy sting? O grave, where is thy victory?" "Prepare the way of the Lord: and the crooked shall be made straight, and the rough places plain". "And all that believed were together, and had all things common" "In the world ye shall have tribulation: but be of good cheer; I have overcome the world". "It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God" : "He that is without sin among you, let him first cast a stone at her" "I say therefore to the unmarried and widows, It is good for them if they abide even as I. But if they can not contain, let them marry: for it is better to marry than to burn" "Because ye have said, We have made a covenant with death, and with hell are we at arrangement; when the overflowing scourge shall pass through, it shall not come unto us: for we have made lies our refuge, and under falsehood have we hid ourselves" "And every one that was in distress, and every one that was in debt, and every one that was discontented, gathered themselves unto him"

"Когда же приидет Сын Человеческий во славе Своей: и отделит одних от других, как пастырь отделяет овец от козлов" "Смерть! где твое жало? ад! где твоя победа?" "Приготовьте путь Господу: кривизны выпрямятся, и неровные пути сделаются гладкими" "Все же верующие были вместе и имели все общее". "В мире будете иметь скорбь; но мужайтесь: Я победил мир" "Удобнее верблюду пройти сквозь игольные уши, нежели богатому войти в Царствие Божие" "Кто из вас без греха, первый брось на нее камень". "Безбрачным же и вдовам говорю: хорошо им оставаться, как я; но если не могут воздержаться, пусть вступают в брак; ибо лучше вступить в брак, нежели разжигаться" "Так как вы говорите: "мы заключили союз со смертию, и с преисподнею сделали договор: когда всепоражающий бич будет проходить, он не дойдет до нас, - потому что ложь сделали мы убежищем для себя, и обманом прикроем себя". "И собрались к нему все притесненные и все должники и все огорченные душею, и сделался он начальником над ними"

Economy of North Korea

GDP	Estimating it is a difficult task because of dearth of economic data
Currency	North Korean won
Labor force	20 million (Agricultural: 37%, Industry and services: 63%)
Export goods	minerals, metallurgical products, manufactures (including armaments), textiles, (China 42%, South Korea 38%, India 5%)
Import goods	petroleum, coking coal, machinery and equipment, textiles, grainagricultural and fishery products (China 57%, South Korea 25%,Russia 3%, Singapore 3% )

1.The economy of North Korea is an industrialized and centrally planned economy. The North Korean economy has become increasingly isolated from that of the rest of the world, and its industrial development and structure do not reflect its international competitiveness. By 2000, taking into account penalties and accrued interest, North Korea's hard-currency debt was estimated at USD 10-12 billion

2.North Korea and South Korea both suffered from the massive destruction caused during the Korean War. After partition the North was better off in terms of industry and natural resources. By most economic measures, The South, however, had two-thirds of the work force. In the years immediately after the war, North Korea received large amounts of aid from other communist countries, notably the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China. The collapse of communist governments around the world in 1991 have forced North Korean economy to realign its foreign economic relations. Economic exchanges with South Korea have even begun in earnest ways at times. Trade between the countries increased from $18.8 million in 1989 to $333.4 million in 1999, much of it processing or assembly work undertaken in the North.

3.The energy sector is one of the most serious bottlenecks in the North Korean economy. North Korea has no coking coal, but has substantial reserves of anthracite . Lack of foreign exchange to purchase spare parts and oil for electricity generation left many factories idle. Crude oil was formerly imported by pipeline at “friendship prices” from the former USSR or China. Coal accounted for more than 80% of primary energy consumption and hydropower more than 10%.

4.Only about 18% of the total landmass, or approximately 22,000 km², is arable; the major portion of the country is rugged mountain terrain. Lack of fertilizer, natural disasters, and poor storage and transportation practices have left the country more than a million tons per year short of grain self-sufficiency. Since the 1950s, a majority of North Koreans have received their food through the public distribution system (PDS). About 62% of the entire North Korean population, which represents the entire urban population, receives food through this government-run system (recipients were generally allotted 600-700 grams per day). It is estimated that between 1992 and 1998 North Korea's economy contracted by 50% and several hundred thousand (possibly up to 3 million) people died of starvation.

5. Beginning in the end of the decade, North Korea began slowly to modify its rigid selfreliant policy. The changes, popularly identified as the opendoor policy, included an increasing emphasis on foreign trade, a readiness to accept direct foreign investment by enacting a joint venture law, the decision to open the country to international tourism, and economic cooperation with South Korea.

Упражнение 4. Выполните устный перевод с опорой на текст

Two-way Interpreting ( Dialogue and Liason Translation ) (А.П.Чужакин. Мир перевода -3. 2005,Стр. 121- 135)

Interview with Bill Gates, president of Microsoft and one of the most powerful figures in the business world today (part II)

Q: Г-н Гейтс, в последнее время ходит очень много разговоров о том, что в компании Microsoft продолжается реорганизация с тем, чтобы лучше адаптировать персональный компьютер для его работы в сети Интернет. Ваша оценка проделанной работы?

A: We've done better getting those things done than I would've expected. In December, no one inside or outside Microsoft would've said by August we'd be winning virtually all of the browser reviews. I'm not saying we're done. But we've come a long way.

Q: Многие утверждают, что Microsoft уже подготовила новый сетевой компьютер, который может очень быстро находить нуж­ную информацию в Интернете, что резко снизит стоимость поль­зования интернетовской сетью. Это действительно так?

A: Well, not exactly. The network computer is more like a symptom of what our challenge is: simplicity. We've got to give people the benefit of the PC, all the flexibility, the rich set of applications, the hardware that they've already paid for, together with a lot more simplicity than we're delivering right now. That's the rallying cry at Microsoft.

Q: Г-н Гейтс, компания Microsoft стремится к установлению более тесных и прочных отношений с потребителями. Это всегда было приоритетом нашей фирмы?

A: Absolutely. Our relationship to date has been if the people buy a product, which historically was a box, they'd take it home and use it, and then a few years later they'd get another one. That will change to where you're connected up to the Internet. We'll ask you to register and we'll ask your permission to send you mail once a month, and if you are willing, we'll upload a few profile bits about how you're using the applications and what your hardware is.

Q: Вас не беспокоит антимонопольное расследование, прово­димое в отношении нашей компании? Многие конкуренты пыта­ются очернить вас и Microsoft. В чем суть их обвинений?

A: No, I'm not worried about the current antitrust investigation. This is the most innovative sector of economy, and prices are coming down. Our rivals are picking on us because we are very successful. But I think it's very draining to fool yourself into thinking that you'll be able to hobble Microsoft. That's not right. It's not gonna happen.

Упражнение 5. Выполните подготовленный перевод с листа ( Мешков-Лэмберт)

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ СРЕДСТВА ТРАНСПОРТА НА СЛУЖБЕ ЧЕЛОВЕКА 1. На всех участках транспортной систе­мы Японии—от сверхскоростных авто­трасс и суперскоростных железных дорог до местных и международных аэропор­тов—происходят коренные перемены. В них отражается обращение к нуждам по­требителей и отход от послевоенных при­оритетов, когда главной целью было со­здание транспортной инфраструктуры для содействия развитию промышленного производства. Ключевыми моментами стали теперь обеспечение комфорта путе­шественников и пассажиров, усиление от­ветственности за загрязнение окружаю­щей среды и обеспечение безопасности даже в случае стихийных бедствий. Переводческие решения ... на всех участках происходят коренные перемены ... ... ключевыми моментами стали теперь обеспечение комфорта путешественников и пассажиров ...	MODERN MEANS OF TRANSPORT AT MANS SERVICE All sectors of the Japanese transport system—from high-speed motorways and railways to local and international air­ports—are witnessing radical changes. The transport industry is addressing cli­ents' needs and departing from post-war priorities which were aimed at establish­ing a transport infrastructure to assist industry and exports. Key features are travelers' comfort, a responsible attitude to environmental pollution and the guarantee of safety even in the event of natural dis­asters. Translator's Decisions ... all sectors ... are witnessing radical changes ... ... key features are travellers' comfort ...
2.Борьба с пробками на скоростных автомагистралях Первое, что приходит на ум большин­ству людей в Японии при словах «скоро­стная автомагистраль»,—это «дорожные пробки». Перегруженность давно уже ста­ла характерной чертой скоростных супер­магистралей при въезде и выезде из боль­ших городов. Основные способы решения этой проб­лемы включают строительство новых до­рог, параллельных уже существующим ав­томагистралям, модернизацию путей, веду­щих к портам и аэропортам, а также от­крытие скоростных кольцевых дорог для городского транспорта. Одно из современ­ных технических решений проблемы до­рожных пробок, которое находится сейчас на стадии разработки, состоит в использо­вании дистанционных магнитных карто­чек для ускорения процедуры сбора дорож­ных пошлин на пропускных пунктах.	Combatting traffic build-ups on highspeed motorways The first thing which occurs to most Japanese on hearing the words «highspeed motorway» is traffic congestion. Traffic build-ups at the exits from, and entrances to, large towns have long been a feature of super-highways. The main means of tackling the prob­lem is to construct more roads parallel to the existing motorways, update the roads leading to ports and airports, and build highspeed ring roads for city transport. One of the modern solutions to the prob­lem of trafic congestion, which is cur­rently being developed, is the use of mag­netic cards to facilitate the collection of tolls.
3. Еще одно технологическое новшество, внедре­ние которого запланировано на начало 21 века,—это система скоростных автомагист­ралей для интеллектуальных автомобилей (IVHS). Этот проект, представляющий со­вместные усилия государственного и част­ного секторов промышленности, предпола­гает использование центров управления до­рожным движением для передачи в реаль­ном времени информации о состоянии до­рожного движения непосредственно авто­мобилям. Уже сейчас системы «Автомоби­льной навигации» обеспечивают часть во­дителей информацией о возможных марш­рутах движения. (Самая современная из этих систем использует для определения местоположения водителя машины сигна­лы, передаваемые через спутник.) А что лее в будущем? Создание централизованной сети такого рода является ключевым мо­ментом в реализации интеллектуальной си­стемы управления дорожным движением. Переводческие решения 1 .... находятся сейчас на стадии разработки ... 2. ... модернизировать пути ... . 3. ... информация в реальном времени ...	3. Another technological innovation for introduction in the early 21st century is the IVHS system; this is a joint effort be­tween the state and private sectors which employs control centres to transmit up-to-the-minute information on traffic con­ditions directly to vehicles. Even now «Car Navigation» systems provide some drivers with information on possible routes. (The most up-to-date of these sys­tems makes use of satellite-transmitted signals to locate the car). And what about the future? The provision of such a cen­tralized network is the key to an effective intelligence system for controlling road traffic. Translator's Decisions 1. ... is currently being developed ... 2. ... to update the roads ... 3. ... up-to-the-minute information ...
4. Усовершенствование железнодорожных служб и вокзалов с целью обеспечения удобства пассажиров Последние изменения в системе япон­ских железных дорог направлены на обес­печение плавной стыковки ее поездов с другими транспортными средствами и по­ездами других железнодорожных компа­ний, а также на одновременное повыше­ние уровня обслуживания пассажиров в поездах и на железнодорожных станци­ях. Усовершенствованные современные вокзалы стали связующим звеном между железнодорожными поездами, автобуса­ми в монорельсовыми поездами и дали возможность легко делать пересадки с по­ездов дальнего следования на местные. Новые железнодорожные линии предла­гают прямые маршруты к горнолыжным склонам, туристским курортам и темати­ческим паркам. Обслуживание в железно­дорожных компаниях стало сегодня более гибким и доброжелательным. Кассиры на станциях помогают путешественникам спланировать их отпуска. Для клиентов определенных возрастных категорий име­ется широкий выбор туристских поездок со скидкой на период мертвого сезона. А недавно появившиеся туры автомо­биль-поезд и поезд плюс автомобиль на­прокат позволяют получать удовольствие от путешествия и на поезде и на автомо­биле. Самим поездам тоже стали уделять больше внимания. Некоторые железнодо­рожные вагоны после реконструкции обо­рудуются общественными помещениями типа салонов, баров и наблюдательных площадок; другие же предлагают отдель­ные купе (для японских поездов это нечто новое) и средства развлечения, такие как встроенные плоские телевизоры и аудиооборудование. Переводческие решения ... для клиентов определенных возрастных категорий имеется широ­кий выбор туристских поездок ... ... в период мертвого сезона ...	Improvement of railway facilities and terminals for greater passenger convenience Recent changes in the Japanese rail­way system have been aimed at providing trouble-free changes from trains to other forms of transport or to trains belonging to other railway companies. Efforts are also being made to raise standards of serv­ice for passengers both on trains and at stations. The updated terminals provide excellent links between trains, buses and monorails, allowing easy changes to be made from long-distance to local trains. New rail routes offer direct travel to ski-slopes, tourist resorts and theme parks. The service provided by railway companies has become more versatile, helpful and friendly. Booking office clerks help travel­lers plan their journeys. Customers in cer­tain age brackets can enjoy a wide choice of trips at reduced prices during the slack season and recently introduced car + train and train + hire car travel plans allow the tourist to combine car travel with a train journey. More attention is now paid to the actual trains. Some coaches have been re­built and re-designed as public saloons, bars, sightseeing cars. Some trains offer individual compartments, something new on Japanese trains, and entertainment fa­cilities, for example built-in flat-tube TVs and audioequipment. Translator's Decisions ... Customers in certain age brackets can enjoy a wide choice of trips ... ... during the slack season ...

Упражнение 8. (Е.В. Бреус. Теория и практика перевода с английского на русский)

25. ПЕРЕВОД ВВОДНЫХ АБЗАЦЕВ В ГАЗЕТНЫХ СООБЩЕНИЯХ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОГО ХАРАКТЕРА

1. A protest rally against the Government Rent Act is to be held in Doncaster tomorrow.

2. "The atomic power plant in Scotland could prove to be a most expen­sive — and destructive — white elephant ", says Mr. Wilfrid Andrews, of the Royal Civil Servants Club, in the February issue of Reader's Digest.

3. One in ten Scottish families has an alcoholic member, a regional con­ference on alcoholism was told at Dundee University yesterday.

4. New tariffs announced by the West Midland Gas Board yesterday will cost the Board £ 3000,000 a year but will mean cheaper gas for hundreds of factories and thousands of homes.

5. Drowning is the biggest killer of children and young people in twenty-one countries, according to a World Health report published in Geneva yes­terday.

6. Three hundred building workers employed on the construction of Fylingsdale (Yorkshire) early-warning station went on strike over a bonus claim.

7. A 79-year old widow, Mrs. Charlotte Barns, died in her blazing cot­tage at Pensford, near Bristol, yesterday.

8. Thousands of Algerians tonight fled from the "dead city" of Orleanville after a 12-second earthquake had ripped through central Algeria killing an estimated 1,100 people.

9. Britons were among the participants in a mining-safety conference opened in Luxembourg yesterday.

10. A claim for a substantial wage increase and improved conditions for about 70,000 municipal busmen in the little provinces was yesterday referred to a joint wages committee of the unions and employers which will meet on January 12.

26. ОБЪЕДИНЕНИЕ ВЫСКАЗЫВАНИЙ, ТЕСНО СВЯЗАННЫХ ПО СМЫСЛУ ИЛИ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕННЫХ СЛОЖНОПОДЧИНЕННЫМ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЕМ

1. She wanted the three Indian jugglers arrested immediately; for they knew who was coming from London and meant some harm to Mr. Franklin Blake.

2. Yet, at the moment consumers and government seem to be in denial. They refuse to accept their own responsibility.

3. Demand for oil is 12 percent higher than it was a decade ago. Gas de­mand is 30 percent higher.

4. His natural aptitude for native languages induced him to study African tongues and dialects and it was not many years before he was appointed to the Chair of Asiatic and African Languages which he now occupied.

5. They refuse to accept their own responsibility for increasing costs t< the quality of life which are imposed when we all demand more.

6. The United States entered the war April 16, 1917, two-and-one-half years after the hostilities began.

7. He has shown that he has all the human feelings of one of the computers put out by the International Business Machine Corp.

8.1 disagree with those in our industry who believe that the only answer to climate change and global warming is to question the science.

9. Because our business is growing rapidly, this is a reduction of more than 40 percent from the level we would have reached if we took no action at all.

10. Companies exist only because someone wants to buy what they produce.

Упражнение 9. Interpreting Skills Training

Задание. Прослушайте текст. Запомните прецизионную информацию.

1. Richest pet. German Countess Karlotta Liebenstein left a staggering fortune of 139 million German marks (about £43 million) to her beloved pet dog Gunther III when she died in 1991. When Gunter III died, the fortune passed to his offspring – imaginatively named Gunther IV – who used it, through a mysterious group of human beings, to, among other things, buy Madonna’s eight-bedroom villa in Miami. Gunther’s property portfolio is also said to include estates in the Bahamas, Italy and Germany and is estimated to be worth £90 million.

2. Most expensive pie. In 2006, a chef in northwestern England created the world's most expensive pie. Based on a traditional steak and mushroom pie, the dish includes $1,000 worth of Wagyu beef fillet, $3,330 in Chinese matsutake mushrooms (which are so rare that they are grown under the watchful eyes of armed guards), two bottles of 1982 Chateau Mouton Rothschild at a cost of about $4,200 each, as well as black truffles and gold leaf. The pie serves eight with a total cost around $15,900, or $1,990 per slice, which includes a glass of champagne.

3. Omelette.For $1,000, this gigantic concoction comes stacked with caviar and an entire lobster encased within its eggy folds. Still, one might expect a seafood fork made of platinum and a few precious stones within to justify the price of a few eggs (albeit with a few added trappings). Nicknamed "The Zillion Dollar Lobster Frittata," the world's most "egg-spensive" omelette is the objet d'art of chef Emilio Castillo of Norma's restaurant in New York's Le Parker Meridien Hotel. A smaller version is also available for $100.

Упражнение 10. Article

Overtures to China may signal opening of North Korea's economy

1.SEOUL -- Squeezed by food shortages and financial sanctions, North Korean leader Kim Jong Il appears to be reaching out to China and Chinese investors in a way that could mark an extraordinary opening in the insular nation's shuttered economy. Kim might soon travel to China, according to the office of South Korea's president and U.S. officials. They cited preparations that appear to be underway in the Chinese border city of Dandong and in Beijing. The Chinese Foreign Ministry said Thursday it does not have information on whether Kim will visit China. Such a trip could help restart six-party talks, hosted by China, aimed at persuading North Korea to denuclearize in return for economic and political benefits.

2.Kim is also attempting to accelerate Chinese investment and has ordered the creation of a State Development Bank. Officials from the new bank told a South Korean professor last week that they intend to allow the construction of foreign-owned factories in major North Korean cities. This would allow Chinese firms, many of which are running short of low-cost factory workers, access to North Korea's pool of low-wage laborers. If the investments move forward, they would represent a major policy reversal by the government. For six decades, North Korea has sealed almost all its citizens off from the "poisons" of capitalism. Outreach to China comes at a time of sharply increased pressure on Kim's leadership. Inside North Korea, food shortages have worsened because of botched currency reform, which disrupted the private markets that feed most of the country's 22.5 million people. Kim's medical ills also include kidney failure, and he undergoes dialysis every two weeks, according to the head of a state-run think tank in Seoul.

3.And outside, U.N. sanctions are reportedly limiting the North's ability to profit from weapons sales. State trafficking in counterfeit cigarettes and illicit drugs appears to be dwindling. In addition, large-scale food aid from South Korea has been stopped until Pyongyang agrees to junk its nuclear weapons. "Through this State Development Bank, North Korea is trying to lure foreign investment in agriculture, ports, railroads and also light industry," said Lim Eul-chul, a research professor at the Seoul-based Institute for Far Eastern Studies. He spent four days in Pyongyang last week, talking to officials from the bank and to Chinese businessmen. They told Lim that the bank is offering itself to foreign investors as a one-stop investment shop. With its board including senior members of the military and the ruling party, the bank will be able to conduct transactions with foreign commercial banks and invest in major projects, North Korean state-controlled media have said. "The North is now planning to open foreign-owned factories not just in closed-off special economic zones, but in major cities like Nampo and Wonsan," Lim said. Until now, the government has confined nearly all foreign business operations to sealed-off economic zones, such as Kaesong near the South Korean border. "The military is closely cooperating with the State Development Bank to try to increase foreign investment."

4.Although the repressive power of the army and security forces remains strong, the North's command-style economy is a ruin. There were unconfirmed reports of starvation deaths in some areas this winter. Kim, 68, and showing the effects of a 2008 stroke, is in the early stages of handing power over to his untested 27-year-old son, Kim Jong Eun. But the legitimacy of the succession -- and of the state itself -- is being weakened by the growth of the markets and increased public access to foreign media. Refugee surveys show that many North Koreans blame Kim's government for food shortages, corruption and incompetence. "Kim Jong Il doesn't have many cards to play, so there is more and more pressure on him to return to the six-party talks," said Koh Yu-whan, a professor of North Korean studies at Dongguk University in Seoul. "He is also aiming to get investment from ethnic Korean businesses in China." In South Korea and China, there is widespread skepticism about North Korea's willingness to create modern banking systems and enforce laws that allow foreign companies to operate under standardized accounting rules. Companies that have invested in North Korean mineral ventures have complained for years of corruption and outright theft by the government.

Special correspondent June Lee contributed to this report.

UNIT 15

Упражнение 1. Memory exercises

1. Ученые подсчитали, что рассчитавшись с долгами, ты на 50% увеличишь шансы избавиться от болей в шее и спине, на 44% - от головной боли и на 27% - от проблем с желудком. И все таки 92% людей заявили, что скорее выбрали бы деньги, чем встречу любви своей жизни.

2. Не в деньгах счастье и не в их количестве. Ученые из Ноттингема сравнивали счастливчиков, сорвавших джекпот и обычных людей и пришли к выводу, что и у тех, и у других уровень счастья примерно одинаков.

3. Самый высокий показатель счастья у тех, кто предпочитает не покупать вещи, удовольствия и проч., а создавать их самостоятельно. Например, приглашать друзей на вечеринку, плавать в бассейне, проводить время с семьей.

4. Самый большой выигрыш в лотерею составил $390 миллионов и произошел в 2007 в США. Однако, шанс быть убитым по дороге за лотерейным билетом в несколько раз превышает вероятность джек-пота.