Перевод метонимии
Полный перевод метонимической исходной единицы применяется в случае полного совпадения языковых и культурных традиций выражения индивидуального свойства в английском и русском языках.
I raged at the stupidity of the country police.
Меня возмутила глупость местной полиции.
Структурное преобразование исходной метонимии применяется в условиях несовпадения грамматических норм, когда исходный контекст, в котором употреблена метонимия, не может быть грамматически полностью воссоздан на ПЯ.
Very soon afterwards there was a concerned official face staring at me through the jagged hole in the glass of the kitchen door.
Вскоре из дыры в стекле кухонной двери на меня уставилось озабоченное лицо представителя закона.
Функциональное преобразование исходной метонимии применяется в условиях несовпадения стилистического статуса метонимической единицы в ИЯ и ПЯ.
These wheels will drive you at your pleasure.
«Ваш замечательный друг на колесах…» или «Эти замечательные колеса, современный дизайн корпуса и автоматическое управление…»
Восстановление основы метонимического переноса используется, если данная метонимия воспринимается слегка чужеродно в данной ситуации:
The guards now change at Buckingham Palace to a Lennon and McCartney.
Смена караула при Букингемском дворце происходит теперь под музыку Леннона и Маккартни.
Восстановление прямого именования применяется в условиях значительного расхождения культурных традиций, когда исходное метонимическое слово не существует в ПЯ и неизвестно переводящей культуре.
To buy some Kellogg’s – купить кукурузные хлопья
Упражнение 1
Переведите высказывания на русский язык, сохраняя их выразительность.
Метафоры:
Gradually there appeared out of the mists shapes more visible perhaps to the imagination than the sight: magic castles rising from the foam – the ruined but majestic walls of ancient temples.
The clouds of Emerson’s noble brow cleared.
Any artefact made of or covered with gold could start the gossip mills grinding and lead to the usual exaggeration.
EXCALIBUR. A legendary watch for day and knight. For the man whose time has come. The watch dial gleams with the image of the legendary Excalibur, “Sword in the Stone”. Only the noble King Arthur had the power to remove it. And with this mighty feat he became the king of the realm. Excalibur the sword. On a watch for the man who rules his own destiny.
Метонимия:
I had to disillusion his as to the lengths to which the literary London will go in pursuing me for my “ungainly” book.
A carbon of the first three typed-out chapters had remained in London.
He wanted to write books on Art and, by and while, trotted round Europe studying the Rubenses.
Упражнение 2
Выполните на слух под запись перевод отрывка из радиопостановки «Хоббит». С какими переводческими сложностями вы столкнулись?
Упражнение 3
Переведите на русский язык отрывок из рассказа Джона Апдайка, сохраняя его стилистическое своеобразие.
The Family Meadow
By John Updike
…The sun, reaching toward noon, domineers over the meadow; the shade of the walnut tree grows smaller and more noticeably cool. By noon, all have arrived, including the Dodge station wagon from central Pennsylvania, the young pregnant Wilmington cousin who married an airline pilot, and the White Plains people, who climb from their car looking like clowns, wearing red-striped shorts and rhinestone-studded sunglasses. Handshakes are exchanged that feel to one man like a knobbed woodcarving and to the other like a cow’s slippery, unresisting teat. Women kiss, kiss stickily, with little overlapping patches of adhesive cheek and clicking conflicts of spectacle rims, under the white unslanting sun. The very insects shrink toward the shade. The eating begins. Clams steam, corn steams, salad wilts, butter runs, hot dogs turn, torn chicken shines in the savage light. Iced tea, brewed in forty-quart milk cans, chuckles when sloshed. Paper plates buckle on broad laps. Plastic butter knives, asked to cut cold ham, refuse. Children underfoot in the pleased frenzy eat only potato chips. Somehow, as the first wave of appetite subsides, the long tables turn musical, and a murmur rises to the blank sky, a cackle rendered harmonious by a remote singleness of ancestor; a kind of fabric is woven and hung, a tapestry of the family fortunes, the threads of which include milkmen, ministers, mailmen, bankruptcy, death by war, death by automobile, insanity – a strangely prevalent thread, the thread of insanity. Never far from a farm or the memory of a farm, the family has hovered in honorable obscurity, between poverty and wealth, between jail and high office. Real-estate dealers, school-teachers, veterinarians are its noblemen; butchers, electricians, door-to-door salesmen its yeomen. Protestant, teetotalling, and undaring, ironically virtuous and mildly proud, it has added to America’s statistics without altering their meaning. Whence, then, this strange joy?
Unit XIII