Valley: a green valley, a deep valley, lily-of-therval-ley (lilies-of-the-valley). There is a river lying in the valley. Valleys are usually situated in the mountains.

Step 3

№ 9 к упражнению l

A. Hello, my name is Jim. Last summer I went to the USA to stay with an old friend of mine. Ron lives in one of the states in a small town that lies on the Missis­sippi River. When I saw the river it was like a shock to me. It flowed so grand and so mighty, so beautiful. Our British rivers are beautiful too, but they are not so large. I'll remember it as long as I live.

B. Hi, I'm Robert. When I was 15 or 16 years old I went to North Arizona with a school trip. We wanted to see the Grand Canyon, you know, the world-famous canyon 350 kilometres long and 2 kilometres deep. I re­member how we stood there looking down the canyon and the sight made me gasp and I thought, "Wow! It's one of the most wonderful things in the world!"

C. I'm Fred and I'd like to tell you about my travel­ling of long ago. I remember going to the lake on the border of the USA and Canada. My father took me there to fish. I was quite young then. I can't even re­member how much I enjoyed being there — fishing, boating with my dad, sunbathing. I think it was the best summer in my life. I hope to go back to that won­derful place some day...

№ 10 к упражнению 5В

The United States of America

The United States of America is the world's fourth largest country. Only Russia, Canada and China have bigger territories than the USA. There are fifty states in the country. Forty-eight are in the same part of North America. The other two are Alaska in the north, and Hawaii situated on the eight islands in the Pacific.

The United States stretches from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean, which washes, the country in the west and in the east. Long mountain chains run down the Pacific Coast. In this part of the country is Death Valley, the lowest place in North and South Americas. Here, too, is the Grand Canyon which the Colorado River made millions of years ago. In some places it is about 6 km deep. Farther east lie the tall peaks of the Rocky Mountains that run from Canada to Mexico. Be­yond them stretch the Great Plains where the Mighty Mississippi River flows. Another mountain chain, the Appalachians, runs down the eastern part of the Unit­ed States. The USA borders on Canada in the north, where the five Great Lakes are situated, and Mexico in the south.

Step 4

№ 11 к упражнению 1

Billy Boy

Oh, where have you been,

Billy Boy, Billy Boy,

Oh, where have you been,

Charming Billy?

I have been to seek a wife,

She's the joy of my life,

She's a young thing

And cannot leave her mother.

Did she ask you to come in,

Billy Boy, Billy Boy,

Did she ask you to come in,

Charming Billy?

Yes, she asked me to come in,

There's a dimple in her chin,

She's a young thing

And cannot leave her mother.

Can she bake a cherry pie,

Billy Boy, Billy Boy,

Can she bake a cherry pie,

Charming Billy?

She can bake a cherry pie,

Quick as you can wink an eye,

She's a young thing

And cannot leave her mother.

Can she make a feather bed,

Billy Boy, Billy Boy,

Can she make a feather bed,

Charming Billy?

She can make a feather bed,

While a-standing on her head,

She's a young thing

And cannot leave her mother.

How tall is she, Billy Boy, Billy Boy,

How tall is she, Charming Billy?

She is tall as any pine,

And as straight as a pumpkin vine,

She's a young thing

And cannot leave her mother.

How old is she, Billy Boy, Billy Boy,

How old is she, Charming Billy?

She is sixty times eleven,

Twenty-eight and forty-seven.

She's a young thing

And cannot leave her mother.

№ 12 к упражнению 2А

Mexico the Grand Canyon the Mississippi

Alaska Death Valley Canada

Washing- the Rockies Washington ton, D.C.

Hawaii the Pacific the Appala­chians

the Atlantic the Great Plains the Ontario

the USA New York the Huron

Texas California the Big Apple

Asia the Superior the Potomac

Step 5

№ 13 к упражнению l

— I'm so happy to meet you, Captain. I've got a few questions for you. Could you answer them?

— No problem. Fire away.

— Have you been to India, Captain?

— India? No, I haven't been to India. I've been to Asia, but not to India. In Asia I've been to China. Chi­na is a very interesting country. v .-.

— And Australia? Have you been to the Green Con­tinent, Captain?

— Yes, I have. I have been to Sydney, the largest city in Australia.

— I'm sure it was very interesting, too.

— Yes, I rather enjoyed it.

— And have you been to America, Captain?

— I've been to North America, but I haven't been to South America. I'd like to go to Brazil or Venezuela some day.

— Thank you, Captain. I hope you'll have a lot of wonderful trips all over the world.

№ 14 к упражнению 8В Kate's Letter

Holiday Inn

Washington, D.С.

Dear Tanya,

I am writing to you to tell you about our stay in Washington, D.C. You have asked me to write about the US capital. So I am doing it in this letter. We really love the city. It is so green and so clean. It is situated on the Potomac River, on a piece of land called the Dis­trict of Columbia, which is why people call the US capi­tal Washington, D.C. It is not the biggest city in the United States, but it is the most important.

The buildings are not very tall, the streets and ave­nues are straight, green and beautiful. The longest and the biggest avenues are named after American States. We have already done the centre of the city. We have been to the White House and seen the Capitol. The Cap­itol is really great. This is where the United States Con­gress meets and makes laws.

The building of the White House is very beautiful with tall columns and the flag on the roof. It is the US president's residence. This is where the president lives and works. It is one of the most famous buildings in the world. Its name comes from the fact that it is a white house. Tourists can't see the part where the president lives, but they can see the Red Room, the Blue Room and the Green Room and some other rooms. By the way, the city is famous for its museums. I have been to the Natural History Museum but I haven't seen the

others yet.

Love,

Kate

Unit 2

Step 1

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The English Language

More people speak English than any other language except Chinese. People speak English in Britain, Ire­land, Australia, New Zealand, the United States and some other countries. Altogether more than 450 mil­lion people speak English as their everyday language.

Another 100 million or more speak English as a foreign language. Most English words come from old Anglo-Saxon, French or Latin words. Some people think that the English language is one of the richest languages of the world and has up to a million words.

№ 16 к упражнению 8В Words... Words... Words...

We say them, we hear them, we read them and write them. And telephones, mobiles, radios, televisions, computers are all there to carry out words to all parts of the world and even to the Moon and back. How many words must a language have? For example, there are more than 450,000 words in Webster's Third New In­ternational Dictionary. No one person knows all of them, but most people are able to understand about 35,000 and use about 10,000—12,000. Usually you use only one-tenth (1/10) as many words as you under­stand.

If you hear or read a new word and want to know what it means, you look the word up in a dictionary. Modern dictionaries are very different. Most of them give words alphabetically. With the word they give in­formation about how to pronounce it, what meaning or meanings it has, if there are any difficulty in its gram­mar and use. There are three big categories of dictio­naries: monolingual, bilingual and multilingual. They give information about words in one (mono-), two bi-) or more than two (multi-) languages.

№ 17 к упражнению 10

Country	Language (official)	People			Nations
		Sing. PI.
America (the USA)	English	an American/ Americans			(the) Ameri­cans
Australia	English	an Australian/ Australians			(the) Austra­lians
Canada	English/ French	a Canadian/ Canadians			(the) Canadi­ans
Germany	German	a German/Germans			(the) Germans
Italy	Italian		an Italian/Italians		(the) Italians
Mexico	Spanish		a Mexican/ Mexicans		(the) Mexi­cans
Norway	Norwe­gian		a Norwegian/ Norwegians		(the) Norwe­gians
Russia	Russian		a Russian/Russians		(the) Russians
China	Chinese		a Chinese/Chinese (people)		the Chinese
Japan	Japanese		a Japanese/ Japanese (people)		the Japanese
Portugal	Portu­guese		a Portuguese/ Portuguese (people)		the Portu­guese
Vietnam	Vietnam­ese		a Vietnamese/ Vietnamese (people)		the Vietnam­ese
Holland	Dutch		a Dutch­man/ a Dutch­woman	Dutch­men/ Dutch­women	the Dutch
Britain	English		a Briton/ a British person	Britons/ British people	the British
England	English		an En­glish­man/ an English­woman	English­men/ English­women, English people	the English
Ireland	Irish		an Irish­man/an Irish­woman	Irish­men/ Irish­women, Irish peo­ple	the Irish
France	French		a French­man/a French­woman	French­men / French­women	the French

Step 2

№ 18 к упражнению 1 The Wind

Who has seen the wind?

Neither I, nor you;

But when the leaves hang trembling,

The wind is passing through.

Who has seen the wind?

Neither you, nor I;

But when the trees bow down their heads,

The wind is passing by.

№ 19 к упражнению 5 A.

belong also

land way

speech develop

sound grow

slowly by and by

B.

belong: to belong to someone, to belong to some place. These exercise-books don't belong to me. This land belongs to a big family. Which swimming-club do you belong to?

land: 1) (countable) a beautiful land, foreign lands. I'd like to see a lot of lands and to meet a lot of people; 2) (uncountable) dry land, stony land. Columbus's sail­ors didn't see land for a long time.

speech: a good speech, a long speech, to make a speech. James made a very interesting speech in the parliament yesterday. His speech is very difficult to understand.

sound (n): the sounds of music, strange sounds, beautiful sounds. Strange sounds were coming from the kitchen.

to sound: to sound good, to sound English, to sound like the truth. That sounds like a train. Your new song sounds beautiful. This sentence sounds good English.

forget (forgot, forgotten): to forget a word, to for­get a/the address, to forget slowly (easily). I've forgot­ten her telephone number. She's forgotten where she has left her car. I'll never forget my first teacher.

forget-me-not: Forget-me-nots are blue and pink, they are spring flowers.

slowly: to walk slowly, to speak slowly. He slowly opened his eyes. We drove slowly down the country road.

also: He speaks English and he also speaks German. I like bananas and I also like oranges.

way: a short way, a long way, an easy way, a funny way, the best way. 1) Which is the way to the city cen­tre? Will you be able to find your way to my house? 2) What is the best way to learn a language? He has a strange way of talking,

develop: to develop into sb/sth, to develop from sth. A boy develops into a man. That little village has devel­oped into a great city. I'd like to develop this idea. French developed from Latin.

grow (grew, grown): to grow well, to grow slowly. Grass grows after rain. Oranges grow on trees, you know. The farmer has grown a lot of apples this year.

grow up: When I grow up, I will be a librarian.

by and by: They will change by and by.

№ 20 к упражнению 7В