Diagram: Different forms of management styles

LANGUAGE PRACTICE

Exercise 1. Match different types of managers with their characteristics.

delegates responsibility for the task giving the staff full authority;	autocratic leader
sets the task and gives the staff complete freedom to complete the task as they see fit;	democratic leader
tells the staff who to do the task and makes final decision;	consultative leader
listens to the staff and then makes the final decision;	laissez faire leader

Exercise 2. Paragraphs 1-9 contain advice for business leaders. Choose the appropriate heading for each paragraph from the list below.

1. A leader should be a good teacher and communicator.

2. A leader must manage time and use it effectively.

3. A leader must have technical competence.

4. A leader must provide vision.

5. A leader must be visible and approachable.

6. A leader should be introspective.

7. A leader should be dependable.

8. A leader should be open-minded.

9. A leader should have a sense of humour.

1. In large organizations leaders should spend no more than four hours a day in their offices. The rest of the time they should be out with their people, talking to lower-level employees and getting their feedback on problem areas. They should be making short speeches and handing out awards. They should be travelling widely throughout their organizations.

2. The best leaders are those whose minds are never closed and who are eager to deal with new issues. Leaders should not change their minds too frequently after a major decision has been made, but if they never reconsider, they are beginning to show a degree of rigidity and inflexibility that creates problems for their organizations.

3. Executives must take a disciplined approach to their schedules, their post, their telephone calls, their travel schedules and meetings. Staying busy and working long hours are not necessarily a measurement of leadership effectiveness.

4. Leaders may run efficient organizations, but they do not really serve the long-term interests of the institution unless they plan, set goals and provide strategic perception.

5. The leader must be willing to pass on skills, to share insights and experiences, and to work very closely with people.

6. Leaders should let people know that life is not so important that you can’t sit back occasionally and be amused by what is happening. Laughter can be a great reliever of tension.

7. Reliability is something that leaders must have in order to provide stability and strength to organizations. Leaders must be willing to be flexible but consistency and coherence are important elements of large organizations.

8. Leaders must not only understand the major elements of their business but must also keep up with any changes.

9. Leaders should be able to look at themselves objectively and analyze where they have made mistakes and where they have disappointed people.

Exercise 3. Replace the underlined words by the appropriate words from the box below. There's one word more.

arbitrary	to advocate	an approach	to argue
to contribute	to emphasize	to encompass	to focus on
a viewpoint	an issue	a whim

1. A skilled manager favours an efficient running of the organization.

2. A superior's opinion is taken by subordinates for granted.

3. The organization achieved a great success thanks to the unified point of view on specific managerial principles.

4. The CEO has repeatedly tried to defend the marketing policy at the meeting of the Board of Directors.

5. Every representative of this classical school has been proving scientifically that the theory is wrong since the time when it was introduced.

6. The control of turnover is an important subject.

7. The reporter stressed the need to train employees.

8. In spite of all his fancies his opinion has always been taken into consideration.

9. The investigation involves a number of tough problems.

10. The manager is trying to fix an employee's attention on his work.