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Vocabulary and Speech Exercises

    1. Find in the text ”Criminal Justice” the English equivalents for the following phrases.

  • стратегия правительства;

  • поддержать закон;

  • осудить виновного;

  • оправдать невиновного;

  • уверенность общества;

  • акт уголовного правосудия;

  • акт общественного порядка;

  • нарушения обычного права;

  • незаконное собрание;

  • серьезные беспорядки или разрушения;

  • законодательство, касающееся уголовного права;

  • служба, ответственная за условно–освобожденных;

  • анализ тенденций преступности;

  • уровень полицейского состава;

  • темп роста зарегистрированных преступлений;

  • уровень раскрытия очень серьезных преступлений.

    1. Pick out from the text “Criminal Justice” all the word combinations with the following words (terms) and give their Russian equivalents.

– crime

– victim

– guilty

– offence

– to convict

– legislation

– law

– to clear up

– powers

– government

Read and translate this text

UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS

PREAMBLE

Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,

Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people,

Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law,

Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations, …

The General Assembly proclaims this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.

Unit 10 professional education

Scan the text and answer the questions.

The aims of legal education

Legal education general has a number of theoretical and practical aims, not all of which are pursued simultaneously. One aim is to make a student familiar with legal concepts and institution and with characteristics modes of reasoning. Like most intellectual disciplines the law has its technical concepts, frequently expressed in technical terms. All lawyers must become acquainted with process of making law, setting disputes; they must study the structure of government and the organization of courts of law, including the system of appeals.

Another aim of legal education is he teaching of law in its social, economic, and scientific context. While law schools have never ignored the social context of their subject, Anglo-American legal education has always been less interdisciplinary than that of continental Europe. With the development of a scientific approach to social studies in the 20th century, however, this is changing. Some law schools appoint economists, psychologists, or sociologists to their stuffs, while other require or permit their students to take courses outside the law school as part of their work toward degree. This awareness of the other social studies is thought to be more advanced in the United States than in Great Britain. Continental legal education tends to be highly interdisciplinary, with non-legal subjects compulsory for students taking their first degree in law.

The chief materials are the same everywhere: codes (where these exist), reports of court decisions, legislation, government and other public reports, textbooks, and articles in learned periodicals. The aim is not so much that the student should remember “the law” as that he should understand basic concepts and methods and become sufficiently familiar with a law library to carry put the necessary research on any legal problem that may come his way.