- •Unit 1 my family
- •Dialogue
- •Grammar Exercises Plural Number
- •Nouns ending in:
- •Irregular Plurals
- •I. Change to the plural as in the example:
- •II. Fill in “a”, “an” or “---”
- •III. Fill in “I”, “you”, “he”, “she”, “it”, “we”, or “they”
- •The verb “to be”
- •IV. Write “is” or “are” as in the example:
- •V. Change to the plural as in the example:
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
- •My friend`s family
- •Unit 2 daily routine
- •Dialogue
- •Grammar Exercises There is – There are
- •I. Fill in “there is” or “there are”:
- •The verb “to have”
- •II. Fill in the blanks with “have got” or “has got” as in the example:
- •Present Continuous
- •III. Write short answers:
- •IV. Write negative sentences as in the example:
- •V. Put the verbs into the Present Continuous:
- •VI. Write negative sentences as in the example:
- •VII. Write sentences as in the example:
- •VIII. Put the verbs into the Present Continuous:
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
- •Getting up
- •Ann’s work and studies
- •Unit 3 what is law?
- •Dialogue
- •Grammar Exercises Present Indefinite
- •I. Give the proper forms of the verbs in brackets:
- •II. Transform these sentences according to the model:
- •III. Transform these sentences according to the model:
- •IV. Ask questions using the question words given:
- •V. Choose the correct item:
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
- •The form of the british constitution
- •Unit 4 the system of law in russia
- •Dialogue
- •Grammar Exercises Past Indefinite(Regular Verbs)
- •I. Write the Simple Past of the following verbs:
- •VI. Put special questions to the words given in bold type:
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
- •Unit 5 composition and formation of the uk
- •Parliament
- •Government
- •Dialogue
- •Grammar Exercises Future Indefinite
- •I. Read and translate the following sentences, change them into Future Indefinite Active.
- •II. Ask if your classmate would like to do the following activities.
- •III. Read quickly using Future Indefinite:
- •IV. Change the following sentences into interrogative or negative :
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
- •The english political heritage
- •Unit 6 the us system of government
- •Dialogue
- •Grammar Exercises Present Perfect
- •I. Use the verbs in brackets in the right tense form.
- •II. Use Present Perfect or Past Indefinite.
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
- •The pentagon papers
- •Unit 7 my future profession
- •Legal professions
- •Grammar Exercises Passive Voice
- •Write sentences from the words in brackets ( ). All the sentences are present.
- •Write sentences from the words in brackets ( ). All the sentences are past.
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
- •Solicitors and barristers
- •Unit 8 crime and society
- •Grammar Exercises Modal Verbs and their Equivalents
- •IV. Put in must or had to:
- •VI. Make sentences with shouldn’t ….So…
- •VII. You ask a friend for advice.
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
- •Modern Crimes
- •Unit 9 justice
- •Criminal justice
- •Grammar Exercises
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
- •Unit 10 professional education
- •The aims of legal education
- •Trends in legal education
- •Dialogue
- •Grammar Exercises Comparison of adjectives
- •Irregular forms
- •I. Write the comparative (older/more modern etc.)
- •II. Complete the sentences. Use a comparative.
- •III. Write sentences with a superlative (the longest etc.)
- •IV. Complete the sentences. Use a superlative (the oldest etc.)
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
- •Higher education in Great Britain
The form of the british constitution
When people take part in any activity they have to act according to certain rules. A nation needs a set of agreed rules by which it may govern itself. We call these rules a Constitution. From this you will soon realize that when we describe a country as a “Constitutional Monarchy” we mean a country with a King who regards himself as limited in his actions by the nation`s rules.
Now we often say that some countries have a “written constitution”. For example, the United States of America and France have written constitutions. In both these countries the whole of the constitution is set out in an official volume which anyone can buy and study. On the other hand, it is often said that the British Constitution is unwritten, meaning that it is not written in a single official handbook. In this sense it is quite true that Britain has an unwritten constitution. Some of the rules, those which have been made by Parliament, are written down in statutes but many more depend on customs. Here is a good example of the unwritten nature of the British Constitution. At any time during the last two hundred years, an educated Englishman would understand what was meant by the term “Prime Minister”. Yet it was only in the year 1917 that the Prime Minister was recognized officially by being mentioned in an Act of Parliament.
Britain is a constitutional monarchy. That is to say, a monarch reigns but is limited by the rules of the State, rules which depend partly on written laws but even more on established customs which have been handed down from generation to generation. Let us see how this works out in practice.
The Sovereign. First of all there is the Sovereign, at present Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. Her office is hereditary, meaning that it is handed down from one generation to the next. You will notice that this is the main difference between a Monarchy and a Republic. In a Republic, for example the United States of America or France, the head of the State is elected; he is known as the President and holds office for a limited number of years only.
The Monarchy is the oldest part of the British Constitution. The Sovereign once had very great personal powers but in practice these are now exercised by the Queen`s advisers, the Ministers. For this reason it is sometimes said that the Queen reigns but she does not rule.
The House of Lords. Originally this was a very powerful body indeed, much more powerful than the House of Commons, but today its powers are strictly limited and the real powers have passed to the “Lower House”, the House of Commons.
The House of Commons. The third, but much the most powerful of the three elements which form part of the British Constitution, is the House of Commons. This body is directly elected by the people of Britain and nearly everyone over the age of twenty-one has the right to vote. General Elections must take place at least every five years but in practice they usually occur more frequently than this. Since 1902, successive Prime Ministers have been members of the House of Commons and never of the House of Lords.
Parliament. The Queen, the Lords and the Commons form the Parliament. You should notice that “Parliament” is a word which sometimes causes confusion. Very often in ordinary conversation people refer to Parliament when really they mean the House of Commons or sometimes the Government. But strictly speaking, Parliament means much more than just the House of Commons; it means the Queen, the Lords and the Commons all acting together.
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What is a Constitution?
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What is meant by “unwritten constitution”?
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What is the difference between a Monarchy and a Republic?
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Explain “The Queen reigns but she does not rule”.
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Who has the real powers in Parliament?
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What does Parliament mean?
Task 1. Read the text carefully and agree or disagree with the statements given below.
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We call a set of agreed rules a Constitution.
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The United States of America has an unwritten constitution.
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In Britain the monarch is not limited by the rules of the state.
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The Sovereign`s office is hereditary.
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In France the head of the state is not elected.
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Originally the House of Lords was a very powerful body.
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The House of Commons is indirectly elected by the people of Britain.
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Parliament means much more than just the House of Commons.
Task2. What is missing?
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An unwritten constitution means that it is not written in a __________ official handbook.
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Britain is a __________ monarchy.
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In a __________ the head of the state is elected.
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The __________ is the oldest part of the British Constitution.
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The Lords` powers are strictly __________ .
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The most powerful of the three elements which form part of the British Constitution is the __________ .
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The Queen, the Lords and the Commons form __________ .