Verbs Shall and Will Shall
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Modal Verb / Its Equivalent |
Uses |
Present / Future |
Past |
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Shall
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1. polite question |
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2. suggestion (making suggestions) |
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4. advice (asking for advice) |
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We as subject |
(will = more common) |
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(Shall is used to express an intention or a command, when the subject is in the 2nd and 3d persons. These uses are old-fashioned and formal and normally avoided in modern English. This construction is used in regulations or legal documents.)t |
6. intention / a command with you or he, she, it, they as subject |
(Club rules) |
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Will
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Modal Verb / Its Equivalent |
Uses |
Present / Future |
Past |
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Will
(Will is used to express predictions, warnings, offers, promises, threats, requests, suggestions, on-the-spot decisions, opinions, hopes and fears especially with words such as: think, expect, suppose, hope, believe, know and probably).
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1. 100% certainty ./ assumption |
(general truth)
(an obvious prediction) |
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◘ prediction
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(future only)
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◘ warning |
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◘ threat
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◘ strong intention / determination |
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◘ promise |
picnic tomorrow? -- Yes. That’s a good idea. I will make some sandwiches. |
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◘ hope |
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2. on-the-spot decision |
I’ll get it. |
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3. willingness ◘ volition ◘ persistence |
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4. suggestion
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(I’m willing to do it) |
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5. polite request
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◘ wish (in the conditional clause) |
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Will not (won’t) |
1. unwillingness / refusal to do something |
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Exercise 122
Read, translate and comment on the meanings of the modal verbs shall andwill (polite request; suggestion / offer; advice;prediction, warning, threat, promise, hope; on-the-spot decision; willingness / unwillingness).
1. People will sayanything, won’tthey, when they want to prove they are
right?
2. “ShallItellyou what I think of that man? I think he is slightly sinister,”
Madge said.
3. I will not gotill you listen to me.
4. “The English have no respect for their language, and will not teachtheir
children to speak it,” wrote B. Shaw.
5. “Willyouwantanything else?” asked the smiling old landlady.
6. ShallIgortakea car?” she asked.
7. “What a doctor wants,” I said. ”is practice. He shall getme. Hewill get
more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred of ordinary patients
with only one or two diseases each.”
8. “I wanted to have a talk with you ... Won’tyousit down?” – “No, Iwon’t
sit down,” he answered aggressively.
9. Can I use your pen? Mine won’t write.
10. “Willyoudome a favour?” she asked imploringly (умоляюще).
11. They willsitsilently without exchanging a single word.
12. I won’t go backto him. Iwon’t lethim have the children.
13. I willaskyou, Madam, to watch over your friend.
14.”All right, Ben,” said Maxim. “Robert shall takeyou back home. And no
one will putyou in the asylum, don’t be afraid.”
15. I’ll tellyou, if youwillonlyletme get a word in.
Exercise 123
Change the following sentences using the modal verb shall to expressa suggestion or an offer. Follow the example.
Example:
Let me (us) show you the house.
ShallI (we)showyou the house?
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1. Let me help you with your work. |
6. Let me phone your parents. |
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2. Let me drive the car today. |
7. Let us stay indoors today. |
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3. Let us repair the tape recorder. |
8. Let me post these letters. |
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4. Let us go to Brighton in summer. |
9. Let me sharpen the knife. |
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5. Let us go out and do some shopping. |
10. Let us have a light breakfast today. |
Exercise 124
Change the following commandsintorequestsusing the polite forms “Will you ...”or“Would you mind ... “.
Example:
Help me to do this work
Will you helpme to do this homework?
Would you mind helping me to do this homework?
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1. Buy tickets for this concert. |
6. Drop my letter into the letter-box. |
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2. Have a cup of tea. |
7. Let’s go for a walk today. |
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3. Type this article for me. |
8. Speak louder. |
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4. Tell her about it. |
9. Explain the rule to me. |
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5. Make some coffee for Mrs. Sleighton. |
10. Switch off the light when you leave. |
Exercise 125
Change the following sentences using willin the negative form to expressunwillingness/refusal to perform an action.
Example:
The door doesn’t open.
The door won’t open.
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1. My bag doesn’t close. |
6. The car doesn’t start. |
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2. She doesn’t agree with anybody. |
7. The taxi-driver doesn’t stop. |
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3. The baby doesn’t drink milk. |
8. The traffic lights don’t change. |
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4. Your pen doesn’t write. |
9. She doesn’t have dinner with us. |
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5. The old lady doesn’t answer my question. |
10. The stamp doesn’t stick to the envelope. |
Exercise 126
Use willto express yourstrong intention / determination.
Example:
to speak to John
I will speakto John, Aunt Augusta.
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1. to keep to the point |
6. to go out in the afternoon to a party |
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2. to get the bath ready |
7. not to see her |
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3. not to be home for supper |
8. to tell him the news now |
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4. not to accept money from him |
9. not to postpone it till tomorrow |
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5. to break the engagement |
10. to have a quiet evening at home |
Exercise 127
Fill in the blanks with the modal verbs shallorwill. Use the negative form wherever indicated.
1. “What _____ we do?” she asked. “The door _____ not open. It is evidently
locked. Where _____ we spend the night?”
2. “Boys _____ be boys,” the old lady said with a sigh.
3. The tea is hot and strong. Or _____ you prefer to have a cup of coffee?
4. ”_____ you please step into the room, sir? The manager would like to have
a talk with you,” the clerk said to Albert Foreman.
5. “You _____ not behave like this in the presence of my quests,” his father
said angrily. “You _____ stay in your room and you _____ not come out
until all of them have left.”
6. _____ we get started, gentlemen?
7. “Come at once,” he said. “I can’t explain it on the telephone, but you _____
hear everything directly from me.”
8. Silence, I _____ bear no more of this.
9. _____you come into the next room, I want to have a little talk with you.
10. You may borrow my dictionary if you ____ return it in time.
Exercise 128
Fill in: will, shall or won’t.
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Mum: |
1__Will__ you be late home tonight, Sally? |
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Sally: |
Yes, I 2 _____.I’m going to a party. But I3 _____be too late. I have to work tomorrow. |
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Mum: |
4 _____I keep some dinner hot for you? |
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Sally: |
No, thanks Mum. There 5 _____be lots to eat at the party. |
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Mum: |
6 _____I come and collect you in the car? |
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Sally: |
No, there’s no need. I 7 _____come home with Nicki. |
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Mum: |
Well, 8 _____I wait up until you get back? |
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Sally: |
No Mum. Please don’t. Oh no! Look at the time! What 9 _____I wear, Mum? |
Exercise 129
Translate these sentences from English into Russian. Mind the use of shallandwillin different meanings.
1. I want to be helpful to you both, if you will letme.
2. Well, I wish it could come all over again. Tell me how I can serve you. I will
do anything you say to wipe out my mistake.
3. I won’t havehim in my office a day longer.
4. All right! I will sendthe letter first thing tomorrow morning. Iwill dothat
without fail.
5. You’ve stopped him doing what he wanted to. I won’t answerfor the
consequences.
6. Listen, what shallIdowhen I’m introduced? Ought to shake hands? Oh
what?
7. I shall actand Ishall actpromptly. If the tree is rotten, itshall be cut
downandcastinto flames.
8. He shall not get awaywith it this time. Heshall payfor it, heshall!
9. The Treaty of Lausanne laid down in Article 27, that Turkey shall not
intervene in the affair of Cyprus.
10. Everyone can add something to knowledge if he will make use ofthe
opportunities richly offered by Nature.
11. You shall repentof this neglect of duty, Mr. Zummer.
12. It’s no use trying to open the door, it will not open.
13. You shall doas you like now and always, my beloved child. I only wish to
do as my darling pleases.
14. I am an Englishman, and I will sufferno priest to interfere in my
business.
15. “Give us drink and you shall hearall about it,” said Campion with his
crooked grin.
Exercise 130
Which of the following uses of willandwouldindicatewillingness(W),refusal(R),a promise(P),a threat(T) ortypical behaviour(TB)? Write the appropriate letter in the space provided.
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1. Oil will float on water. ............................................................ |
.. TB.. |
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2. I’ll make sure John is informed. ............................................ |
........... |
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3. She won’t listen, she’s so stubborn. ..................................... |
........... |
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4. Patrick will keep on asking stupid questions. ........................ |
........... |
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5. I’ll take your calls for you while you’re out. ............................ |
........... |
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6. Either I get the job or I’ll leave the company. ........................ |
........... |
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7. Will you call him back when you’ve got a moment? .............. |
........... |
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8. I’ve changed the battery but my mobile phone still won’t work. ..................................................................................... |
........... |
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9. She will always be the first person to arrive on a Monday morning. ................................................................................ |
........... |
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10. If you don’t sign the new contract we’ll have to move you to another post. ................................................................... |
........... |
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11. Would you put your name and company in the visitors’ book, please? ...................................................................... |
........... |
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12. Before the use of computers we would have to record all our data on card index files. ................................................ |
........... |
Exercise 131
Rewrite the sentences using will,won’torwould.
1. Accidents inevitably happen.
2. I promise to do my best.
3. He refuses to accept her authority.
4. If you don’t pay, legal action is certain to be taken.
5. A fanatic is someone who can’t change his mind and refuses to
change the subject. (Winston Churchill)
6. If you insist on being rude how can you expect people to like you?
7. He used to smoke a large cigar before making an important decision.
8. The product with the better-known brand name inevitably sells better
than the other.
9. Our previous chairman always used to begin the annual general
meeting with a joke.
10. I’m not going to tolerate her behaviour any longer.
11. If you insist on smoking two packets a day, it’s not surprising you’ve
got a persistent cough.
Exercise 132
Fill in: would you, I’ll, shall, could, why don’t you or how about.
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Husband: |
I’ve got a splitting headache. |
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Wife: |
1 Why don’t yougo and lie down? |
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Husband: |
Yes, I think I will. 2 __________ you bring me some aspirin? |
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Wife: |
Yes, of course I will. 3 __________ I call the doctor? |
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Husband: |
No, 4 __________wait an see how I feel later. |
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Wife: |
5 __________ like a glass of water? |
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Husband: |
Yes, please. 6 __________you also telephone the office to say I’m ill? |
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Wife: |
Yes. 7 __________you tell me where to find the number? |
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Husband: |
8 __________looking in the address book by the phone? |
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Wife: |
9 __________I say you’ll be in the office this afternoon? |
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Husband: |
Yes, you 10 __________say I’ll be in about 2 – I should be all right by then. |
Exercise 133
Translate these sentences from Russian into English. Mind the use of shallandwillin different meanings.
1. «Выответитезаэто», -сказалонсугрозойвголосе.
2. Здесь очень душно. Открыть окно?
3. Вы пойдете и скажите ей всю правду.
4. Вы не против того, чтобы посидеть в саду? Тампрохладнее.
5. «Потанцуем?» - сказал он, подходя к ней.
6. Чтонамделать?Куданамидти?Ведьужеоченьпоздно.
7. Если вы придете к нам на вечер, мы будем очень рады видеть вас.
8. Дверь никак не открывается, должно быть, замок не в порядке.
9. Мы все пытаемся ей помочь, но она никого не слушает.
10. Пойдем в кино? Мне хочется посмотреть новую комедию.