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Play the Game

Make up three news headlines. They can be serious, amazing or funny. They don't have to be true. Write them on a piece of paper.

Aliens have invaded New York.

Your teacher will collect them and give them to other pupils. They must tell the class what the headlines say.

It says that aliens have invaded New York.

Reporting in the Past Tense

I.After the reporting verb inthe Past Tense(said, told) the verb in the Direct

Speech usually changes from the present tothe past.

Example:

Direct Speech		Reported(Indirect) Speech
Present Continuous Present Indefinite Present Perfect		Past Continuous Past Indefinite Past Perfect
“I'm having a great time in New York.”		Simon saidhewas havinga great time in New York.
“The weather ishot.” "I have phonedMary."		He said the weatherwashot. Nick saidhehad phonedMary.

Exercise 5

Turn these sentences from DirectintoReported(Indirect) speech.

Jim met Ann while she was on holiday. Read Ann’s words then report what she said.

1. The food is delicious.

2. I go swimming every day.

3. I hate going back to work.

4. I’m learning Spanish.

5. I’ve got a lovely sun tan.

I’m coming back again next year.
I’ve made a lot of friends.
The hotel is nice.
I will always remember the place.

10. I’m in the seventh heaven.

Exercise 6

A:Read the dialogueShe Said That I Was Lying in parts and then together

with Nick, Ben’s friend, prove that the boy wasn’t guilty.

She said That I was lying

Mrs. Fox:	There you are! I've finally caught you. You stole a Walkman from my shop yesterday.
Ben:	I don't know anything about a Walkman and I wasn't in your shop yesterday.
Mrs. Fox:	You are lying. Boys always tell lies. I saw you running away. You were wearing the same blue jacket. I will call the police. You'll see!

Later Ben tells Nick what Mrs. Fox said.

Ben:	Mrs. Fox said that I had stolen a Walkman from her shop. I told her that I didn't know anything about it and that I hadn't been in her shop yesterday.
Nick:	That's true. You were with me all day.
Ben:	She said she had seen me running away.
Nick:	But why does she think it was you?
Ben:	She said I had been wearing the same blue jacket. She said she would tell the police. What shall I do?

It wasn't Ben

B:Nick wants to help Ben. He wants to find out who stole the Walkman. He

asks his friends some questions. Here are the answers.

Peter:

Mrs. Fox always blames the wrong people.

Paul:	I saw a tall blond boy running out of the shop.
Max:	Lots of boys wear blue jackets.
Jill:	I don't know anything about it.

Alice:	Mrs. Fox can't see very well.
James:	I'll ask the boys in my class about it.

Mary:

There were three or four boys in the shop at five o'clock.

Tony:	Mrs. Fox has told the police.
Jane:	Ben has never stolen anything.
Amanda:	Mrs. Fox can't prove anything.
Tom:	We will all help Ben.
Chris:	I know who stole it but I won't tell you.

Joan:

I will visit Ben if he goes to prison.

C: Write what they said.

Peter said that Mrs. Fox always blamed the wrong people. ……………..

1.	Paul	…………………………………………………………………...
2.	Max	.………………………………………………………………..…
3.	Jill	……………………………………………………………………
4.	Alice	……………………………………………………………………
5.	James	.…………………….…………………………………………….
6.	Mary	……………………………………………………………………
7.	Tony	……………………………………………………………………
8.	Jane	……………………………………………………………………
9.	Amanda	……………………………………………………………………
10.	Tom	……………………………………………………………………
11.	Chris	……………………………………………………………………
12.	Joan	……………………………………………………………………

II.After a reporting verb inthe Past Tense(said, told), the verb in thedirect

speech inthe Past Tensechanges tothe Past Perfector remains the

same.

Example:

Direct Speech		Reported(Indirect) Speech
Past Indefinite Past Continuous	 	Past Perfect Past Continuous OR Past Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect		Past Perfect
“He playedin the team,” she said.		She saidthat hehadplayed in the team.
She said, "I was writinga letter at 5 o'clock."		She said shewaswritinga letter at 5 o'clock. She said shehad been writinga letter at 5 o'clock.
She said, "We had writtena letter by 5o'clock."		She saidtheyhad writtena letter by 5o'clock.

Exercise 6

Turn these sentences from DirectintoReported(Indirect) speech.

“I was early for the meeting,” she said.
“While I was staying in Madrid, I met Pedro twice,” she mentioned.
“I saw her yesterday,” the boy said.
“A lot of English words were borrowed from other languages,” the teacher told us.
“I saw the film you recommended last night,” he said to me.
He said, “My mother was watching TV while the father was reading a book”.
My friend told me, “If I were you I would apologize.”
He said, “You had better help me.”
The doctor said, “I prescribed her those pills last week.”
The newspaper reported, “A foreign delegation left Russia.”
The applicant said, “I lost my last employment a year ago.”
“I graduated from Oxford,” the manager informed the Board of directors.
She said, “he paid the electricity bill.”
“I phoned you many times, but nobody answered,” he said.

III.After a reporting verb inthe Past Tense, there is usually a tense change.

But the sequence of tenses is not observed:

a.if the object clause expresses a general truth,

b.if something is represented as habitual, customary,

or characteristic.

Example:

Direct Speech

Reported(Indirect) Speech

“Dolphins aremammals,” hesaid.
He asked the guard, "What time does the train usually start?"
"Water consistsof oxygen and hydrogen."



He saidthat dolphinsaremammals.

He askedthe guard what time the train usuallystarts.
The pupils knewthat waterconsistsof oxygen and hydrogen.

IV. Even if the reported words are a general truth or something represented

as habitual, customary, or characteristic, we can always change the tense

into the past after a past tense reporting verb.

Example:

Direct Speech

Reported(Indirect) Speech

“Dolphins aremammals,” hesaid.
He asked the guard, "What time does the train usually start?"
"Water consistsof oxygen and hydrogen."



He saidthat dolphinsweremammals.

He askedthe guard what time the train usuallystarted.

The pupils knewthat waterconsistedof oxygen and hydrogen.

Exercise 7

First state if the following sentences are true (T)or false(F)then turn them fromDirect into Reported (Indirect) Speech.

Example:

"Penguins can swim," hesaid. He said(that) penguinscan swim.……………………………..	T

1. “The earth is flat,” the old man said. ……………………………………………………………………….
2. “The cheetah is the fastest animal in the world,” she said. ……………………………………………………………………….
3. “A train goes faster than a plane,” he said. ……………………………………………………………………….
4. “Dolphins are less intelligent than sharks,” he said. ……………………………………………………………………….
5. “Man does not love forever,” she said. ……………………………………………………………………….
6. “Paris is the capital of France,” said the teacher. ……………………………………………………………………….
7. “Greece is hotter than England,” said George. ……………………………………………………………………….
8. “There are 6 vowels in the English Alphabet,” said the pupil. ……………………………………………………………………….
9. "The Sahara desert is the largest desert in the world,” she said. ……………………………………………………………………….
10. “It’s hot at the South Pole,” he said. ……………………………………………………………………….
11. “Whales are mammals,” she said. ……………………………………………………………………….
12. “Ostriches can fly,” he said. ……………………………………………………………………….
“British weather is always wonderful,” she said. ……………………………………………………………………….
14. “The Baikal is the deepest lake in the world,” they said. ……………………………………………………………………….
15. “The USA is a constitutional monarchy,” the reporter said. ……………………………………………………………………….

V. After a reporting verb inthe Past Tense(said, told), demonstrative

pronouns and adverbials / adverbs expressing place and time are changed

as shown below:

Direct Speech		Reported (Indirect) Speech
now		at that time , at that moment, then
today		that day
yesterday		the day before, the previous day
last night		the previous night
two days ago		two days before
tomorrow		the day after, the following day
next Monday		the following Monday
this / these		that / those
here		there

Exercise 8

Turn these sentences from DirectintoReported(Indirect) speech. Pay attention todemonstrative pronounsandadverbials / adverbs expressing place and time.

1. She said, "I’ll see you tomorrow."

2. He said, "I left my hat here."

3. I said, "I don't understand thisproblem."

4. He complained, "You didn't phone me last week."

5. Dad informed the family, "Sam is buying a car today."

6. John remarked, "I must wait herefor Sally."

She said, "I met them yesterday."
She said, "We can't settle anything now."
She confirmed, "We shall finish the work tomorrow."

10. She answered, "I have been waiting for you all this time."

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