MAKE_THE_GRADE_kafedra

З 1754 року найліпша з мадонн Рафаеля оселилася у Дрездені. ЇЇ купив король Август ІІІ.

Ex. 2. Render the following text into English.

ДЖОКОНДА Знамените, неперевершене творіння Леонардо викликає

надзвичайно сильні емоції і сьогодні. Суперечки щодо цієї картини не змовкають впродовж століть. Який зміст цієї картини? На ній зображена молода, вродлива жінка чи навпаки, холодна, неприваблива, вселяюча неспокій? Хто послужив моделлю для написання цього твору?

Сміливим новаторством та глибоким філософським змістом пронизаний і задум картини. Вважається, що цей витвір мистецтва не є зображенням певної особистості. Джоконда написана з підкресленою майже програмною простотою в цілковитій відповідності з ренесансним поглядом. Людина – частина природи, найпрекрасніше її творіння, її вершина, її вінець.

Як би не тлумачили образ ―Джоконди‖, безсумнівно, що Леонардо приваблювали не тільки пропорційність її фігури та гармонійність рис її обличчя, але і її глибокий проникливий розум, про що говорить її погляд, багатство інтелекту та витонченість емоцій. Матеріал для таких емоцій могла дати художнику не одна Мона Ліза чи Констанца д‗Авалос, але й багато інших талановитих, освічених, духовно багатих жінок Ренесансу.

В образі Джоконди Леонардо розкриває не тільки єдність людини і природи, не тільки фізичну та духовну гармонію, але й дає глибоке розуміння людської душі. За допомогою тільки йому притаманної світотіні Леонардо передає ледь помітний рух на обличчі Джоконди, легку посмішку, зосередженість. За легкою посмішкою відчувається значно складніше духовне життя. Це справляє враження чогось невисловленого, тобто, як кажуть, її загадковість.

Леонардо вдалося неймовірне. Він зобразив обличчя Мадонни так, ніби вона сама розглядає глядача. Сама намагається проникнути в його характер. Леонардо з математичною точністю розрахував відстань, з якої будуть дивитися на його картину, зробив цю відстань фокусною, тобто помістив глядача у фокус її погляду. Цілком імовірно, що образ Джоконди розкривається не у взаємодії з іншими

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фігурами та предметами – їх немає на картині, а саме у взаємодії з глядачем.

Мандруючи залами Лувру, глядач раптом відчуває, ніби сама Джоконда розглядає його із оточення свого поетичного пейзажу розумним, пронизливим, ласкаво-скептичним поглядом, ледь посміхаючись, буквально не зводить з нього погляду. І як би не намагався глядач не помічати цей погляд, повністю йому це не вдається, бо направлений на нього погляд Джоконди з картини наполегливо повертає погляд глядача до самого себе. Він, глядач, і є другою фігурою, ненаписаною Леонардо, але яка входила в задум художника, з нею взаємодіє образ художника.

4.4. WRITING

Choose any suggested picture to describe. Do not forget that the ‘reading‘ process is divided into four steps: description, analysis, interpretation and judgment. Your composition would total 200 words.

4.5. LISTENING AND SPEAKING

Ex. 1. You will hear a radio announcement about two events happening later today. For questions 1-8, complete the notes.

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Ex. 2. Choose one of the suggested topics and comment on it or discuss it with your partner.

1. If an artist presented you with a piece of painting and you didn‘t like it, would you tell the truth to the painter or would you pretend that you appreciate it?

2.What do you know about the development of High Renaissance in Italy?

3.What do you learn about the Golden Age of the British Art, its distinct national character?

4.Give a detailed description of Gainsborough‘s pictures. What was the function of landscape in his portraits? What effect does he achieve with his peculiar colour scheme?

5.What were John Constable and William Turner‘s favourite subjects and themes? The forerunner of what trends in art was Turner?

6.How far do you appreciate Modern Art? What is impressionism? Were you impressed by Claude Monet‘s picture entitled ‗Sunrise, Impression‗.

7.Do you think people should be ‗educated‘ to appreciate modern art?

How could this be done?

8.Art is not a handicraft; it is the transmission of feelings that the artist has experienced.

9.Who is your favourite artist? What trend in art are you bent on? What things influence your artistic tastes?

10.Should entry to the museums and art exhibitions be free? What are the advantages and disadvantages of free entry?

SELF-ASSESSMENT TEST

Ex. 1. You will hear an interview with a young artist who is talking about her life and work. For questions 1-9, complete the sentences.

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over the American and Asiatic cultures. Finally, printing played a vital role in disseminating the new ideas of the Renaissance. The spirit of the Renaissance ultimately took many forms. It was expressed at first by intellectual movement

There was so much to be done, for the restless men of this new age.

Ex. 5. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space.

(1- 16).

TATE MODERN

The Tate Modern, a gallery (1) …… modern art in London, opened (2)

……. doors in May 2000. In its first year, it attracted more (3) …… 5.25 million visitors, but some people were surprised (4) ….. its success. A lot of people in the UK are not interested (5) …… modern art, and even get angry (6) …… the large sums of money which are spent (7) …… it. The museum‘s success has been to bring (8) ….. a new audience for art. Half the visitors are under 35 years of age, and the gallery (9) …… helped to make modern art ‗cool‘. How is this possible? Firstly, many visitors talk to each other (10) …… the building itself, (11) ……. that the art on display. The building (12) ……converted from a power station, and the architects (13) ……. designed the Tate Modern decided to keep many of the building‘s industrial features. Secondly, the gallery organized its collection into themed areas, such as ‗Still life, Real Life and Objects‘,

(14) ……. of arranging the works in the order they were produced, (15)

…….is the approach people have got used (16) ……. over the years.

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Ex. 6. Fill in who, which, whose, where, why, that, how, whom (1-21).

1.Our new neighbours, (1) …… live in the flat (2) ……. is just below ours, own the gallery (3) ……. is showing the Picasso exhibition.

2.It is possible (4) ….. the most important happening in the years Goya spent in Saragossa was (5) …… he got to know a group of artists (6) ……. most outstanding member was Francisco Bayeu, (7) …… went to Madrid

in 1763 (8) …… he began to work under the orders of Mengs.

3. Young Diego Velazques from Seville, (9) …… took his maternal surname , began studying philosophy and Latin rhetoric, but soon realized (10) ……. neither syllogisms nor the study of Latin had anything at all in common with his incipient artistic vocation.

4. El Greco must have stayed in Venice till 1576, leaving it in that year, perhaps to escape from the plague (11) …….caused the death of Titian. It appears (12) ….. he went first to Madrid, (13) ….. he probably got to know Dona Jeronima de las Cuevas, an aristocratic lady (14) ……some say was his mistress and others his lawful wife, by (15) …… he had a son called Jorge Manuel (16) ……. might be the young gentleman painted by El Greco in the portrait in the Museum of Fine Arts in Seville.

5. There is a legend in (17) ……… Zurbaran is the hero: it states (18) …… in his village, Zurbaran did a caricature of a certain rich landowner named Silverio de Luarca with such spitefulness (19) …… the man ridiculed decided to take revenge, (20) …… he did by killing the artist‘s father. The legend goes on to tell (21) …… the son of the murdered man recognized the odious Silverio in Madrid and ran him through with his sword.

UNIT 5 PEOPLE AND PERSONALITIES

5.1. READING

Ex. 1. You are going to read a newspaper article about happiness. Seven paragraphs have been removed from the text. Choose from the paragraphs (A –H) the one which fits each gap (1-8). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.

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happier than those who were not, and that this had nothing to do with how well-off people were financially.

Another factor in happiness appears to be physical activity. Exercise improves a person‘s mood and gets rid of tension. But there must be a balance between activity and rest, because stress results in unhappiness.

(7) ---------

But mental activity can be just as important. Psychologists believe it‘s possible to train yourself to recognize happiness and, therefore, feel the benefits of it more often.

(8) -------One way of doing this is to set yourself the task of noticing, say, five different happy moments in the day. The more you recognize when there is a decision to be made about how you feel, the better you‘ll become at choosing happiness over misery, it is claimed.

AThat‘s why being part of a social group, such as a family , a community or a club adds to their overall sense of well-being.

BSuch people, for example, seem to find satisfaction in activities which are meaningful and give a feeling of personal achievement.

CThe latter develops in response to the experiences a person has during his or her life.

DThere will always be someone else with more than you, so trying to compete can often lead to frustration and anxiety.

ETo avoid this, it is important to pick a sport or activity you enjoy and which you do when you want to, rather than you think you should.

FIn other words, no matter how happy or unhappy an individual event may make us, this is just a temporary state.

GThe key, apparently, is not taking your feelings for granted, but rather learning to celebrate them.

HOther scientists, however, maintain that happiness is not so difficult to achieve.

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