MAKE_THE_GRADE_kafedra

Ex. 89. Translate the sentences from English into your native language. Pay attention to the modal verb must and its equivalent to be (to), to have (to).

1. You must work hard at your English. 2. Everybody must come to school in time. 3. Must we learn the poem today? 4. You must not talk at the lessons. 5. You must not make notes in the books. 6. It must be very difficult to learn Chinese. 7. Don‘t ring him up: he must be very busy. 8. It must be very difficult to solve such problems. 9. He must work systematically if he wants to know French well. 10. He is to come here at five o‘clock. 11. He was to telephone the moment she was out of danger.

12. Roses were to be planted round the pond. 13. We were to go to the cinema that afternoon. 14. When was the train to leave? 15. She is so clever that they won‘t have to hire a tutor for her. 16. They had so many debts that they had to sell a few precious gems. 17. She lives so far that she has to get up at 5 a.m. 18. She is so naughty that we often have to punish her. 19. She missed him so much that he had to return to her. 20.

She has such rich parents that she doesn‘t have to work. 21. We have such a big house that we have to hire two servants.

Ex. 90. Make up sentences as in the models.

Model A: To be ready to answer all the questions. — You must be ready to answer all my questions.

To come by 5 o‘clock; to do this work; to clean your teeth every morning; to help your mother about the house; to see the doctor; to listen to the teacher attentively; to water the flowers every day.

Model B: To call the doctor — He has to call the doctor because mother is ill.

To stay at home; to write the exercise at home; to get up early in the morning; to buy some biscuits; to look up new words in the dictionary; to go to bed late; to write a composition on Sunday.

Model C: To explain the grammar rule once more. — He had to explain the grammar rule once more because it was difficult.

To get ready for the dictation; to look up new words in the dictionary; to work hard at her pronunciation; to learn the rule by heart; to have short rest; to go to bed after midnight.

Model D: To wait for a long time. — You‘ll have to wait for a long time because I have a lot of work to do.

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To get the necessary books; to write the exercise; to send her a telegram; to speak to your English teacher; to go to bed now; to make a report in English; to have tea instead of coffee.

Model E: To come to the examination at 10 o‘clock. — I am (was) to come to the examination at 10 o‘clock.

To have classes at 11 o‘clock; to have a short break after classes; to have an English class on Tuesday; to have winter vacation in January; to come to the University at 8.30; to clean the flat on Saturday; to start my work at 9.

Ex. 91. Finish the sentences as in the models.

Model A: I am very tired (to rest a little). — I must rest a little.

1. You are very sleepy (to go to bed). 2. Nick wants to be a teacher of History (to study History). 3. They are ill (to stay in bed). 4. We want to get some books on ancient History (to go to the library). 5. I don‘t feel well (to stay at home). 6. We have a lot of things to do for tomorrow (to stay at the library). 7. He lives far from the University (to get up early). 8. She is going to make a report on international situation (to look through the latest newspapers and magazines).

Model B: You had breakfast at 7 o‘clock. It is 12 o‘clock (to be hungry). You must be hungry.

1. You had a lot of work to do (to be tired). 2. Your father is in the bath-room (to be taking a shower). 3. I advise you to ring him up (to be at home now). 4. Ask Nick to help you with political economy (to know it well). 5. It is already 8 o‘clock in the morning (to be ready to leave for the University) 6. Her hair is long and thick (to be difficult to comb her hair). 7. They read all the necessary books and magazines long ago (to be ready for exams). 8. Tomorrow she will have a seminar in literature (to be at the library preparing for a report now).

Ex. 92. Give short answers to the following questions: Yes, you (I, etc.) must. No, you (I, etc.) needn’t.

1. Must we go to the University during our holidays? 2. Must you do your lessons right after classes? 3. Must you hurry if you have plenty of time? 4. Must a student read a rule once more if everything is quite clear to him? 5. Must you have coffee for your breakfast every morning? 6. Must you go to the library if you have all necessary books at home? 7. Must we write a long composition?

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Ex. 93. Make up the sentences and change them as in the model.

Model: We are not allowed to smoke here. — We mustn‘t smoke

here.

To speak Ukrainian at our English lessons; to talk at the lectures; to miss our classes; to be late for classes; to smoke in the classroom; to make a noise in the library; to look out of the windows in trams or buses; to work at English by fits and starts; to waste the time before exams.

Ex. 94. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the modal verb can, may, must.

A. 1. What we see on this map? 2. you speak Spanish? — No, unfortunately, I . 3. At what time you come to school? 4. I come in? 5. You not smoke here. 6. I take your book? — I‘m afraid not: I need it. 7. He not speak English yet. 8. I have very little time: I

go. 9. They not go to the park today because they are busy. 10. You

read this text: it is easy enough. 11. This child spend more time out

in the open air. 12. They ask me about him. What should I say?

You see much of interest there. 4. It seemed possible they return. 5. No good looking back; things happen as they . 6. How you let things slide like that, Dick? 7. I think you be glad of some coffee before you start back to your hotel. 8. You not go out so late at night. 9. I think it happen sooner or later. 10. And though he undressed and got into bed he not sleep. 11. I come tonight, I not? 12. Somebody is knocking at the door. It be John. — It not be John. It is too early for him to be back. 13. He be a medical student though I‘m not sure. 14. Whatever the reason be, the fact remains. 15. A fool ask more questions than a wise man answer. 16. You go when you have finished your composition. 17. When you come and see me? — Let me see: I not come tomorrow for I be at the meeting but on Sunday I come. 18. Waiting be endless, you know.

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Ex. 95. Translate into English using modal verbs.

1. Чи можна вам допомогти? — Так, будь ласка. 2. Ви повинні запам‘ятати адресу і піти туди відразу ж. 3. Якийсь чоловік хоче бачити вас. — Можемо запросити його сюди. 4. Чи повинна я заплатити вам відразу ж? — Ні, не потрібно, я можу зачекати. 5. Ви повинні підписати листа і поставити дату. 6. Він може це зробити вчасно, чи не так? 7. Чи можу я бачити лікаря? — Так, він у кабінеті. Сюди, будь ласка. 8. Можна ввімкнути радіо? — Мабуть, що ні. Діти повинні йти спати. 9. Чим можу допомогти? — Ви можете багато для мене зробити. 10. Можна задати вам запитання? — Так, будь ласка.

Ex. 96. Make up questions with the correct form of to have (to) as in the model.

Model: Tom had to go to the police station. Why ? Why did Tom have to go to the police station?

1. We had to get up very early to catch the bus. At what time ? 2.Ann has to leave tomorrow. At what time exactly ? 3. We had to answer a lot of questions at the examination. How many questions ? 4. George had to pay a parking fine. How much ? 5. I have to get up early tomorrow. Why ? 6. My mother has to go abroad a lot. How often ? 7. I have to leave tomorrow morning. What time ? 8. We had to wait for ages. How long ? 9. I have to take my car to the garage. Why ? 10. Peter had to stay in bed for a week. Why ?

Ex. 97. Choose the correct verb form from those given in brackets.

1.You (mustn‘t / don‘t have to) tell Mary what I told. It‘s a secret.

2.The museum is free. You (mustn‘t / don‘t have to) pay to get in. 3. Children (mustn‘t / don‘t have to) tell lies. 4. Jerry‘s a millionaire. He

(mustn‘t / doesn‘t have to) go to work. 5. I (mustn‘t / don‘t have to) do my washing. My mother does it for me. 6. We (mustn‘t / don‘t have to) rush. We‘ve got plenty of time. 7. You (mustn‘t / don‘t have to) play with guns. They‘re dangerous. 8. This is my favourite pen. You can borrow it but you

(mustn‘t / don‘t have to) lose it. 9. Shall I come with you? — You can if you want, but you (mustn‘t / don‘t have to).

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Ex. 98. Fill in the blanks with must or have (to).

1. Don‘t worry about that. You do as you think best. 2. My mother was unwell, and I go to the chemist‘s. 3. I go and look at the dinner. 4. Yesterday‘s rain spoilt my hat completely. I buy a new one. 5. There was no one to help him so he move the furniture himself. 6.

―Oh, hallo‖, — she said, — ―I thought you have gone home‖. 7. They didn‘t answer my first knock so I knock twice. 8. You always come to me if anything goes wrong. 9. He was very sorry to think that he wouldpart with it. 10. I had a sleepless night. I go and see the doctor and get him to give me something. I can‘t go on like that.

Ex. 99. Paraphrase the given sentences using to be (to) as in the model. Model: The lecture is supposed to begin at eight. — The lecture is

to begin at eight.

I expect her to come and help. — She is to come and help. It was planned that we should wait for them at the door. We were to wait for them at the door.

Who will take care of children? — Who is to take care of children?

1. What am I supposed to do if they come too early? 2. It was arranged that the youngest children would play on the beach. 3. We expect you to show the place to her. 4. I am expected to leave tomorrow at the latest. 5. This is Dora. It is arranged that she will share the room with you. 6. And who will do the cooking? 7. It is expected that two more apartment houses will be built here. 8. It was arranged that the cup final would be played that afternoon. 9. Who will meet you at the station? 10. It was arranged that he should speak at the conference.

Ex. 100. Fill in the blanks with the modal verb must or the correct forms of its equivalents to be (to) and to have (to).

1. She send a telegram because it was too late to send a letter. 2. They decided that she send a telegram every tenth day. 3. Do you know this man? He be our new teacher of History. 4. It is raining. You put on your raincoat. 5. You go out today. It is too cold. 6. I wear glasses as my eyesight is very weak. 7. Where the lecture to take place? 8. Peter return the books to the library. We all want to read it. 9. It was raining hard and we wait until it stopped raining. 10. I ask him about it tomorrow as today he has already gone. 11. I go there right now? —

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Yes, you 12. I‘m glad the lessons will begin later now. The children

get up so early. 13. Children play with matches. 14. It was late and they light the fire to cook their supper. 15. You give it back to me before you go. 16. I made a few mistakes, so I do the whole exercise again. 17. She be married next month. 18. You miss this film: it is extraordinary good. 19. Jim make a speech at the meeting but he had fallen ill, so Tom speak instead. 20. We be there at 12 sharp. 21. We

wait long. The bus came almost at once. 22. You … learn the whole poem.

Ex. 101. Translate into English using the modal verb must and its equivalents to have (to) and to be (to).

1. Мені доводиться вставати рано. Я мушу починати роботу о 8 годині. 2.Заняття в школі мають закінчитися о другій годині дня. 3. Мені потрібно поговорити з вами. 4. Ми повинні виконати домашнє завдання на понеділок. 5. Поїзд мав прибути о 12 годині. 6. Мені потрібно буде зателефонувати додому. 7. Я мав зустріти свого друга, але не зміг. 8. Їм не довелося довго чекати. 9. Я маю бути вдома о дванадцятій годині, і мені потрібно поквапитись, тому що зараз вже за дванадцять хвилин дванадцята. 10. Коли має закінчитися цей урок? 11. Мені доведеться зателефонувати йому та дізнатися , коли ми маємо їхати туди. 12. Де я мушу на вас чекати? 13. Чи повинен я зустріти їх на станції? — Ні, не потрібно. Ви мусите чекати на них тут.

Ex. 102. Fill in the blanks with the modal verbs can, may, must, need or their equivalents in the correct forms.

1. You bring your books to class tomorrow. We are going to listen to a wireless programme. 2. You learn the poem. You only read it. 3. You be late for the concert. 4. I hardly say how important it is. 5. I‘m going to bed. I be up early tomorrow. 6. If you have got a ticket, you queue. You go straight in. 7. You take my exercisebook if you want. 8. We are late. We take a taxi. 9. I type this letter for you. 10. I like the house, but I have not decided yet. My wife see it first. 11. The train come at 5, but something has happened. 12. You be careful. 13. You strike a match I see well enough. 14. You be rude in order to make her obey, otherwise she complain to your boss and you work. 15. You study hard in order to be a lawyer. 16. We

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prepare for my coming exam yesterday, but I look after my sick sister.

17. The doctor said, ―The child is very ill. He be taken to the hospital at once‖. 18. The question be discussed in tomorrow‘s debate. 19. You do whatever you like. 20. He swim very soon. 21. They knock twice before the door opened. 22. You drive a car at night without lights. 23.

The day we … start it rained worse than ever. 24. You tell him my telephone number. He knows it. 25. We live without food and water. We eat and drink.

Ex. 103. Translate into English using the modal verbs or the correct forms of their equivalents.

А. 1. Я можу показати вам дуже цікаву статтю. 2. Ми повинні відвідати цю лекцію у понеділок. 3. Ми не можемо обговорювати ці питання після занять, тому що я повинна піти. 4. Чи може вона перекласти ці англійські тексти? 5. Чи повинні ми повернути ці журнали сьогодні? 6. Ви можете зачекати у моєму кабінеті. 7. Я повинна піти до бабусі у понеділок.8. Можливо, мій брат знає її адресу. 9. Вам не потрібно йти до бібліотеки, тому що ви й так маєте вдома багато книжок і можете взяти будь-яку книжку, яку захочете. 10. Коли наступний урок англійської? — Він має бути у п‘ятницю вранці. 11. Чи можна ввімкнути радіо? — Мабуть, що ні. Діти повинні йти спати. 12. Текст настільки важкий, що йому доводиться дивитися у словнику майже кожне слово.

В. 1. Ця студентка могла зробити всю роботу сама. 2. Він міг піти до бібліотеки з вами. 3. Вчора ми повинні були виконати багато письмових вправ. 4. Нам з Колею довелося йти швидше, щоб не запізнитися на вокзал. 5. Вчора я повинен був залишитися вдома. 6. Ці студенти могли розмовляти англійською ще минулого року. 7. Вам не потрібно було вставати так рано. 8. Моя маленька племінниця так втомилася у неділю, що була не в змозі щось робити. 9. Мені дозволили взяти цю книгу. 10. Хто сказав, що діти можуть йти на вулицю? 11. Їм дозволили прийти в суботу. 12. Ввечері він був дома, тому що йому не потрібно було йти до університету.

С. 1. Коли ви зможете приїхати до нас? 2. Чи зможу я доїхати до площі Пушкіна дванадцятим тролейбусом? – Звичайно, зможете. Він має зараз прийти. 3. Мені доведеться зателефонувати йому ще раз і довідатися, коли мають початися збори. 4. Кому дозволять взяти участь у дискусії. 5. Йому потрібно буде купити нові черевики. Його черевики зовсім старі.

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have lost) it. 7. Thomas received a warning for speeding. He (should have driven / shouldn't have driven) so. fast 8. Henry's car stopped on the highway. It (may run / may have run) out of gas. 9. The grass is wet. It (must have rained / could have rained) last night. 10. John (must have gone / might have gone) to the movie yesterday, 11. The cause of death (could have been / should have been) bacteria. 12. The policeman (shall make / should have made) a report about the burglary.

Ex. 107. Translate into English.

І. Він би міг прийти, якби ми його запросили (але ми не запросили). 2. Ви б могли запросити мене на своє весілля (докір). 3. Вам не варто було б їхати на тому автомобілі з несправними гальмами. Ви б могли потрапити у серйозну аварію (але не потрапили). 4. Джон, мабуть, втратив самоконтроль. 5. Вона сказала, що її батьки, мабуть, вже приїхали. 6. Він, напевне, не там завернув (не в тому місці). 7. Невже Джон збрехав мені? 8. Чому тут нема Тедді? Він, напевне, запізнився на поїзд. 9. Ніхто, мабуть, не купив цю картину. 10. Йому варто було б порадити Томасу приєднатися до нас. 11. Гарольду слід було б бути більш обережним. 12. Напевне, ваш суворий погляд перешкодив Тому у всьому зізнатися. ІЗ. їй обов'язково треба було зателефонувати мамі та попередити, що вона, можливо, не приїде. 14. Ви могли б принести книги вчасно. 15. Можливо, вона загубила сумку. 16. Ви могли б запропонувати свою допомогу, коли він потрапив у халепу. 17. Можливо, він зробив це, ніхто не знає. 18. Він, можливо, заблукав. 19. Він, напевне, зробив помилку. 20. Невже, він дійсно зробив все так, як обіцяв тобі? Це так на нього не схоже.

Ех. 108. Complete the following sentences with shall, will, would.

1. Now and then Gavin ... stop to point out silently some rarity. 2. When we were at the seaside, we ... go bathing every day. 3. She ... walk to the station when the weather was fine. 4. He's very good. He ... play with that toy for hours on end. 5. As she grew old she ... often talk about her father. 6. Kate is very generous. She ... lend you money if you need it. 7. When he needed extra money, he ... work overtime. 8. Mrs. Selby is a chatterbox. She ... carry on talking for hours and hours if you give her a chance. 9. When we went out, Jack ... always take an umbrella with him whether it was raining or not. 10. He ... always say something which makes me laugh. 11. He ... slam the door when he comes in. 12. I want to

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run my own establishment. And you … one day. 13. Marry, ... you marry me? Yes, I ... . 14. He ... fall to smoking cigarette after cigarette and the glowing stubs ... lie around like petals. 15. The victory of peace can and ...

be won. There ... be no war. 16. My boy ... not be worried. 1 ... protect him. 17. He ... always say something which makes us laugh. 18. ... we have our classes from 4 till 6? 19. ... I stick a stamp on the postcard? 20. Barbara ... marry not the man they like, but the man I like. 21. ... you have rum in your tea? 22. Promise not to be angry and you .... know the very truth. 23. We ... reduce unemployment.

Ex. 109. Complete each sentence with will, would, won't, wouldn't.

1. If you ... tell me the truth, I ... get your enemy to tell me lies. 2. I asked her several times to be careful but she ... listen to me. 3. Don't worry. I ... look after your garden, 4. I had two Indian girls to teach. Their parents were old-fashioned and ... send them to school 5. He ... sit for hours reading, paying no attention to what was going on around him. 6. I'm always tired these days. – Well, you ... go to bed so late every night, it isn't surprising. 7. I ... be careful with the car, I promise. 8. I ... call you when I am ready. 9. I ... keep you any longer. 10. I've asked him until I'm blue in the face. He ... tell me anything. 11. But we ... win, we have to win. 12. He thought I was a freak because I... carry a weapon.

Ex. 110. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Я просила, я благала, але він так і не дав мені грошей. 2. Не розумію, чому вікно не відчиняється. 3. Я не зміг з'їздити за місто у минулу неділю, бо батьки нізащо не дозволили взяти їхню машину. 4. Він сказав, що йому потрібно поїхати через кілька днів, та ми й слухати не хотіли. 5. Я ліг і намагався заснути, але сон не приходив. 6. Ми нікому не скажемо, про що ми дізналися. Не хвилюйтесь. 7. Він часто бачив, як вона посміхалася чомусь. 8. Зазвичай вечорами він сідав на веранді і викурював цигарку. 9. Сестра нізащо не хотіла брати мене на пікнік. 10. Щонеділі вона зазвичай сідала за піаніно і співала нам. 11. Ми не можемо змиритися з тим, що він відстає від групи. 12. Друзі намагалися переконати мене, та я не хотів їх слухати.

Ех. 111. Translate the sentences into English using shall, should, will, would in the positive or negative form.

1. Ви отримаєте задоволення завтра, не сумнівайтеся. 2. Я нізащо не зміню свою професію. 3. Я прохаю її не палити, та вона всеодно

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