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saw him, his hands were very dirty. He (to repair) his car. 11. Jane said that she (to play) tennis since June but she is very good at it.

B. 1. John Latton, 39, an engineer at Felton Plastics in Upton, had a lucky escape after an accident on the A34 in the early hours of the morning. Mr. Latton fell asleep while driving and crashed into a pile of sand left by workers who (to repair) the road. When he left Felton Plastics at 3.00 this morning, Mr. Latton (to work) for 72 hours without any sleep. A passing motorist discovered the accident after the engineer (to lie) in his car with a broken leg for half an hour. Ambulance workers said that if Mr. Latton (to drive) any faster, his injuries might have been much worse.

Ex. 195. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present or the Past Perfect Continuous tenses.

1.At last you are here! I (to wait) for you for over twenty minutes.

2.He knows quite a lot of English. He (to learn) for six years. 3. She

finally said ―Yes‖. He (to ask) her to marry him for years. 4. I think I need a break. I (to work) solidly for the last three hours. 5. The manager went down with pneumonia. He (to look) unwell for several days. 6. The new one-way scheme (to operate) for just over twelve months, and traffic has improved considerably as a result. 7. Antonia knew that they just (to talk) of her. 8. They (to live) in that town for ten years and then moved to the country.

Ex. 196. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Indefinite, the Past Continuous, the Past Perfect or the Past Perfect Continuous tenses.

A. 1. Jim was on his hands and knees on the floor. He (to look) for his cigarette lighter. 2. We (to walk) along the road for about 20 minutes when a car stopped and the driver offered us a lift. 3. When I arrived, everyone (to sit) round the table and (to talk). Their mouths were empty but their stomachs were full. They (to eat). 4. When I arrived, everyone was sitting round the table with their mouths full. They (to eat). 5. When I arrived, Ann (to wait) for me. She was rather annoyed with me because I was late and she (to wait) for a very long time. 6. When he came, we (to work) for an hour. 7. When he came, we (not to finish) our work, we still (to work). 8. I saw that he (to look) for his passport. He (to look) for it since the telegram (to come). 9. How long the Campbells (to wait) before the circus arrived? 10. You (to discuss) the plan for half an hour when I joined you, hadn‘t you?

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B. 1. When I came to the station, the train (not to arrive) yet, but a lot of people (to stand) on the platform. Suddenly I saw my friend. He said that he (to wait) for the train too, he (not to wait) for a long time, he just (to come). 2. When I (to leave) home, it (to rain) and as it (to rain) since the morning, the fields were quite muddy. 3. The postman (to come) yesterday? – Yes, he (to come) before we (to start) our breakfast. He (to bring) me a letter which I (to expect) for a long time. 4. Outside it was bitterly cold. All day a freezing wind (to blow) off the lake, and since five in the afternoon a fine powder of snow (to fall). 5. We (to walk) in silence. He already (to tell) me all that (to be) interesting about himself, we (to talk) for almost two hours, and I (to have) nothing more to tell him. 6. She said that this noise (to go) on since she (to sit) here. 7. I knew that the children (to live) with their aunt for eight months since their mother (to be) ill. 8. We (to climb) for six hours when we at last (to reach) the summit of the mountain. 9. When George (to decide) to introduce Mary to his parents, they (to know) each other for half a year since she (to come) to live in this town.

Ex. 197. Translate the sentences into English.

А 1. До 1998 року я пропрацював тут (уже) п‘ять років. 2. Коли він прийшов, ми вже годину працювали. 3. Він казав, що вчора о 3 годині він працював над своєю книгою. 4. Сандра була впевнена, що з 9 до 11 він працював у офісі. 5. Коли я вперше зустріла його, він грав у футбол шість років. 6. До 1999 року він робив фільми вже 10 років; до цього часу він зробив 13 фільмів. 7. Він казав, що любить оперу з дитинства та ходить до оперного театру з 8 років. 8. Коли вони прийшли до театру, вистава йшла вже п‘ятнадцять хвилин. 9. Коли я прийшов сюди, він був директором нашого заводу вже три роки. 10. Він казав, що в цей час вчора він розмовляв по телефону зі своїм братом.

В. 1. Я чув, що ви відмовились від думки перекласти цю статтю, хоч займались цим перекладом кілька місяців. Що ви будете робити далі? 2. Гроза скінчилась, але небо скрізь було вкрите темними хмарами, дув сильний вітер, який не припинявся вже два дні. 3. Скільки часу ви вивчали англійську, коли вступили до цього інституту? 4. Відвідувач тривалий час роздивлявся книжки, коли нарешті обрав ту, яка йому сподобалась. 5. Ми почувалися дуже втомленими, тому що чекали на них дуже довго. 6. Як довго ви стояли у черзі, до того, як вам пощастило купити квиток? 7. Вони

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були дуже голодні, тому що не їли вже дві доби. Здавалось, що ніколи у житті вони не їли такого смачного хліба. 8. Я тренувався вже півгодини, коли прийшов мій тренер і показав мені нові рухи, які я раніше не виконував. І коли мої друзі прийшли по мене, я відпрацьовував саме ті нові елементи. 9. Коли я побачив їх, вони були дуже втомлені, тому що цілий день ходили на лижах. 10. Ми йшли пішки вже близько години, коли нарешті знайшли Пітера. Він чекав на нас зовсім не на тому місці, де ми домовлялися зустрітись.

Ex. 198. Change the tense of the verb into the Future Perfect Continuous as in the model.

Model: Tomorrow at 6 Oliver will be waiting for his friends.

By 6 o‘clock tomorrow Oliver will have been waiting for his friends for half an hour.

1. When his friends come, he will be listening to music. 2. In two hours Max will be flying in a plane to America. 3. When the plane lands, he will be sleeping. 4. At 8 today we shall be walking around the park.5. When we meet them, they will be walking around the park. 6. Tomorrow at 5 I shall be translating the article. 7. In an hour she will be painting the door of her house. 8. When you phone her, she will be sleeping. 9. When I see her, she will be working at her papers.

Ex. 199. Express the future in the appropriate way.

A. 1. It (to rain) tomorrow. 2. Look at those clouds. It (to rain) any minute. 3. We (to get) married in the spring. 4. The train (to leave) at 11.00. 5. At 8 o‘clock I (to have) dinner. 6. By the year of 2012 the population of the world (to reach) six billions. 7. By 6 o‘clock she (to work) at her report for 5 hours. 8. I (to see) a doctor this afternoon. 9. I (to give) you my phone number. 10. When we get married, we (to know) each other for 2 years.

B. 1. By December I (to work) here for five years. 2. When you come, we (to have) dinner together. 3. When he returns from work, all the family (to have) tea. 4. Tomorrow at 9 o‘clock I (to sit) in my armchair reading a newspaper. 5. When they come, we (to work) for an hour. 6. Tomorrow (to be) my birthday. I (to live) on the earth for 20 years by tomorrow. 7. If you come so late, they (to wait) for you for more than an hour. 8. On Friday he (to retire). By that day he (to work) for this company for 20 years. 9. When you (to phone) me? If you (to phone) me at 6, I (to

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watch) TV. 10. I‘m glad to say that I (to finish) my book by next month. I (to work) at the book for 2 years by next Wednesday.

C. Bill: Do you know, Joan, by next month I (to live) in this house for twenty-five years?

Joan: Yes, and my family and yours (to be) neighbours for 25 years too. They (to have) 25 years together without any quarrels or trouble.

Bill: Yes, and how long your family (to be) in this town?

Joan: Well, my father was born here, so in March , when he has his birthday, he (to complete) 48 years here.

Bill: How is your father‘s work getting on?

Joan: When he has finished the house he is building now, he (to build) six houses this month.

Bill: That‘s good. When he (to finish) this house?

Joan: By the end of November, probably. He (to work) on it for two and a half months by then. By the end of this year he (to build) houses for 20 years.

Bill: My father (to be) a doctor for sixteen years by next June, and he (to work) in this town for eight years by next January.

Joan: You (to finish) your medical studies by 2005?

Bill: I (to graduate) from the Institute, I hope, but I (not to do) my hospital work yet. By the summer of 2012 I (to study) medicine for five years. Joan: Well, by that time I (to finish) my studies and I (to work) as a teacher for a year, I hope.

Ex. 200. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Якщо ви не візьмете таксі, концерт вже триватиме півгодини, коли ви приїдете до театру. 2. Якщо ви не подзвоните їй у цей час, вона вже годину буде спати. 3. Відішли свого листа сьогодні. Коли я повернусь додому, він вже буде цілий день чекати на мене. 4. Через рік буде 20 років, як він пише пісні. До того часу він напише вже близько 200 пісень. 5. Коли я напишу листа, я негайно піду та відішлю його, але не знаю, коли вона його отримає. Можливо, коли я приїду до неї, лист ще буде йти. 6. Він говорить, що завтра о 3 годині буде працювати над перекладом цієї статті. Це буде вже 2 дні, як він її перекладає. Чи це колись скінчиться? 7. Чи Джейн все ще хворіє? – Так, завтра буде тиждень, як вона хворіє. – Вона не відвідує занять з понеділка і дуже багато пропустила. – Нічого, я допоможу їй. 8. Як довго ви вже знайомі? – У середу буде вже рік, як ми знаємо один одного, і за два місяці ми збираємось побратися. 9. Я не знала, що у

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вас є донька! – Так, вона вже доросла. За місяць буде два роки, як вона живе окремо. 10. Яка жахлива погода! Щодня іде дощ. От і сьогодні цілий день ллє! – Дійсно, завтра буде рівно тиждень, як ми не бачили жодного промінця. 11. Чи буде Анна тебе зустрічати на вокзалі? – Так, вона збиралася. Але ж наш поїзд запізнюється. Здається, коли ми прибудемо, вона буде чекати на нас вже півтори години. – Може, вона не прийде? – Ні, вона прийде обов‘язково, але, можливо, коли наш поїзд добереться туди, вона вже піде. 12. Що ж робити з дітьми? Коли прийдуть гості, вони ще будуть спати. - Нічого, до того часу вони будуть спати вже дві години. Цього достатньо, і ми зможемо їх розбудити.

Ex. 201. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.

A. 1. How long you (to sit) here? 2. It (to rain) since the morning and we cannot go out. 3. She felt chilly after she (to swim) for an hour. 4. He (to read) before the fire for half an hour when the telephone rang. 5. The boys were tired because they (to play) football. 6. He (to work) since I came here. 7. What you (to do) since I saw you last? 8. They (to live) in that town for ten years and then (to move) to the country. 9. We (to walk) in silence for some time when James (to speak). 10. Where you (to be) all the time? 11. When we come to the theatre, the performance (to last) for

20 minutes. 12. I‘m sorry, I didn‘t know you (to wait) for me for half an hour.

B. 1. Don‘t leave till we (to discuss) our plan in detail. 2. I hope that by the time I (to be) back with the flowers, you (to finish) dressing for the theatre. 3. They are very slow in everything, so by the time they (to begin), we already (to finish). 4. I can go only after I (to look) through the morning papers. 5. By the first of January she (to work) 30 years at the library. We are going to congratulate her. 6. I (to write) Lucy after I (to pass) all my exams. She always (to ask) me about examination results. 7.

I‘m afraid you (to be) late and they (to sell) all the tickets by the time we

(to arrive). 8. If we (not to make) haste, they (to arrange) everything all by themselves by the time we (to come) and then they (to reproach) us as being lazy-bones. 9. Don‘t forget to dust the room when you (to make) beds. 10. Be sure to come before six or he (to go) already.

Ex. 202. Translate the sentences into English.

А. 1. Я чекаю на вас вже півтори години. 2. Він тут працює з 1980 року. 3. Поклич дітей! Вони грають на вулиці вже зранку. 4. Як

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довго ти робиш цей переклад? 5. Він вивчав англійську мову вже два роки у 1999 році. 6. Він казав, що чекає на тебе вже дві години. 7. Я ніде не працюю з 1998 року. 8. З якого часу цей чоловік тут сидить? 9. Наступного місяця я буду працювати в цій школі три роки. (Наступного місяця буде три роки, як я працюю в цій школі). 10. Я не розмовляю англійською мовою вже 5 років. 11. Він шукав свій зошит цілий ранок, доки не знайшов його під газетою на столі. 12. Мені здається, що дощ іде вже цілу вічність.

В. 1. Що ви тут робите? – Я чекаю на трамвай. – Чи довго ви чекаєте на нього? – Так, я вже тут 15 хвилин, але жоден трамвай ще не з‘явився. 2. Цікаво, що зараз робить Ганна? – Вона проглядає ранкову пошту. – Скільки часу вона цим займається? – Мені здається, вона працює з 9 години. Вона вже прочитала усі телеграми і зараз проглядає листи. 3. а) Він давно почав вивчати англійську мову. б) Він давно вивчає англійську мову. 4. а) Ваш молодший син давно закінчив інститут? б) Його старша донька вже давно працює? 5. Я майже дві години шукав свій підручник, коли ви подзвонили і сказали, що знайшли мій підручник у своєму портфелі. 6. Чи давно ти носиш свої черевики? Чому у них такий поношений вигляд? – Я ношу їх всього близько двох місяців. Вони виглядають такими поношеними, тому що під час відпустки я взував їх майже щодня, коли ходив у турпоходи. 7. Жодна з цих статей зараз не використовується. Ми всі дуже зайняті, тому усі ці матеріали повністю у вашому розпорядженні. 8. Коли вони вперше порушили це питання? Скільки часу ви його вже розглядаєте? 9. Після того, як усі кімнати були замовлені, ми вирушили роздивлятись місто. 10. Останнім часом наші вчені зробили багато важливих відкриттів.

С. 1. Чи давно ви чекали на директора? 2. Як довго це питання розглядалося, доки ви дійшли згоди? 3. Чи давно ви знаєте його? – З 1980 року, коли він вперше приїхав у це місто. 4. Чому ви самі не шукали журнал? – Тому що перед цим шукав його півтори години, доки це не почали робити мої колеги. 5. Коли вони увійшли до кімнати, господар встановлював нову лампу. Він сказав, що робить це вже півгодини, але досі з цим не упорався. 6. Коли я її бачив востаннє, вона була вдягнена в ту ж саму синю сукню, в якій була у тебе на вечірці того разу. 7. Я не думав, що вона носить цю сукню так довго, вона виглядає ще зовсім новою. 8. Хоча мій друг давно був без практики, він виграв університетський турнір з шахів. 9. Вона півгодини відповідала на питання білета на іспиті, доки професор не

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сказав, що цього достатньо. 10. Коли ми дісталися до лісу, дощ, який йшов всього півгодини, вже скінчився і знову яскраво сяяло сонце. 11. Як довго він грає у хокей? – У 2012 році буде вже 10 років, як він грає в цю гру, і схоже, що це йому ніколи не набридне.

7.2.5. Tenses of the Verb in the Passive Voice

Ex. 203. Put the following sentences into the Passive Voice.

A. 1.They offered me a cup of tea. 2. Students take examinations at the end of each term. 3. Mother baked the birthday cake. 4. The children asked me to read this story. 5. The waiter will serve you breakfast in five minutes. 6. Father taught me to ride a bicycle. 7. George Simenon wrote this story. 8. People speak English in many countries. 9. The doctor told him to lie in bed for three days. 10. I shall give you a cup of coffee if you want. 11. They close the shop at five. 12. Columbus discovered America in 1492.

B. 1. What are they discussing? 2. The professor is examining our group. 3. The Spartans were celebrating a religious festival when a messenger came from Athens. 4. They are building a new school in our district. 5. What film are they demonstrating in the lecture room? 6. He had a feeling that someone was following him. 7. They were watching and taking pictures of a UFO. 8. They were interrogating the first witness when I came into the courtroom. 9. They are counting the prize money. 10. They are relieving him of his duty because of his age.

C. 1. They have offered me a job at a local bank. 2. Have you warned them about the meeting? 3. Someone has stolen a picture from a museum. 4. I have lost some secret papers. 5. We have kept this meat in the fridge for a week. 6. The police have found a dead body in the park. 7. They had packed the suitcases when the bellboy arrived. 8. I didn‘t attend the meeting because you hadn‘t warned me. 9. The room looked dirty as we hadn‘t cleaned it for a week. 10. They will clear up the situation when they have known some more facts. 11. They will have repaired my shoes by the evening.

Ex. 204. Change the following sentences using Prepositional Passive

Constructions.

A. 1. He listened to the lecture very attentively. 2. They always laugh at his jokes. 3. They talked a lot about this film. 4. We have never heard of him since. 5. The aunt will look after the children well. 6. We

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have just sent for the doctor. 7. Somebody is waiting for you downstairs. 8. Nobody laughed at him when he said it. 9. The guests looked for the ring everywhere. 10. They speak highly of this textbook. 11. They insisted on these terms. 12. I think that we can rely on this information.

B. 1. They take good care of their grandmother. 2. We disagreed with this statement. 3. He said that everybody had objected to that proposal. 4. Nobody has slept in that room lately. 5. They agreed upon the date of the conference. 6. He reads to his daughter every night. 7. I think he will refer to this example in his lecture. 8. The dean has just approved of the timetable. 9. He knew they had resorted to kidnapping. 10. I am sure that the newspapers will have commented on this event by tomorrow morning. 11. Can they arrive at an agreement? 12. They are not living in this house now. 13. The teacher was finding fault with my report when the bell rang. 14. I am afraid they will not pay attention to his advice. 15. The ship left the harbor and we lost sight of it. 16. We haven't made use of his tools for a long time.

Ex. 205. Make these sentences passive using the modal verbs:

A. 1. You can do it tomorrow. 2. She must write it at once. 3. You can use this material for your work. 4. I can‘t send off the letter today. 5. We couldn‘t finish the work in time. 6. You may leave the dictionaries on the table. 7. We must do this work every day. 8. You should change the end of the story. 9. The committee ought to discuss this question immediately.10.You should open the window. It‘s too stuffy in the room.

11. I have to wind up my watch regularly. 12. He has to translate this text today.

B. 1. She could have booked the ticket yesterday. 2. Can they have completed the work? 3. He can‘t have translated the article. 4. She could have given an answer last week. 5. You might have already served the tea. 6. They must have answered this difficult question. 7. You must have understood this phrase in a wrong way. 8. He may have forgotten your invitation. 9. He should have taken them to the airport in his car yesterday. 10. You shouldn‘t have disturbed your father. 11. You ought to have told them about it. 12. You ought to have translated the text last week. 13. He should have sent these letters by fax. 14. You must not throw your things about.

Ex. 206. Fill in the blanks with the prepositions by or with:

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1. The meeting was attended … thousands of people. 2. The football game was watched … great interest. 3. At the foot of the mountain we were joined … a group of tourists. 4. Some plants are quickly affected … cold. 5. The fire was put out … water. 6. The lectures will be delivered … well-known scientists. 7. The cases are being packed … skilled workers. 8. They were threatened … danger. 9. This theatre was designed … a famous architect. 10. He said that the letter had been signed … the director. 11. The bread was cut … a sharp knife. 12. When we entered the room the contract was being checked … the legal adviser. 13. The sky is covered … clouds. 14. The child was covered … a blanket … his mother. 15. This note is written … a very bad pen, that‘s why you can‘t read it. 16. Can you open the door … this key? 17. Much damage was done … the storm. 18. This book has been written … three authors. 19. Trams are set in motion … electricity. 20. The new school building will be surrounded … a garden. 21. Who has this house been built … ?

Ex. 207. State where the combination to be +Participle II is a Simple Verbal Predicate and where it is a Compound Nominal Predicate:

1. This cottage is built of wood. Cottages are generally built of wood. 2. The door is shut, so we can‘t come in. When the door is shut on the last visitor, the work is still continued in the museum. 3. These books are being sold out fast. This book is sold out. 4. This fence is painted every year. The fence is painted, don‘t touch it. 5. The door of our flat is locked at 11 p.m. The door is locked, so nobody is in. 6. I don‘t know who this play is written by. 7. This dress is made of silk. 8. This table is covered with green paper.

Ex. 208. Put questions to the underlined words:

1. Fifty students were admitted to the faculty last August. 2. I have been woken up by the noise in the street. 3. He was given a form to fill in. 4. The tea will be served till 5 because of the conference. 5. She was greeted very warmly. 6. Two men were arrested after the robbery. 7. My colleague will be sent to London to lecture on Russian history.8. Wait a little, your papers are being looked through. 9. French is spoken in France and Canada. 10. This television program is watched mostly by teenagers. 11. The car is being repaired at the moment. 12. The windows were being cleaned while I was there. 13. All her affairs will have been settled before she gets married. 14. He said that detailed instructions had been given.

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Ex. 209. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate forms of the Passive Voice:

A. 1. The printing press (to invent) in the fifteenth century. 2. Last night I (to invite) to a party by a friend from Scotland. 3. Spain and Portugal (to visit) by millions of tourists every year. 4. These strawberries are fresh; they (to pick) yesterday. 5. The menu in that restaurant (to change) every month. 6. The results of the examination (to know) tomorrow. 7. Today rugby football (to play) in many countries. 8. Bicycles must not (to leave) in the hall. 9. He (to operate on) next week. 10. I‘m not wearing my black shoes today. They (to mend). 11. This room (to use) only on special occasions. 12. It was a lonely road, and the girl was afraid; she thought she (to follow). 13. This street (to sweep) now. 14. This room (not to use) for ages. 15. Dictionaries may not (to use) at the examination. 16. The question just (to discuss). 17. Switch on the radio. A very good concert (to broadcast) now. 18. She (to take) to hospital tomorrow. 19. Everything (to do) before we came. 20. The last student (to examine) when I entered the room. 21. The book (to leave) in the classroom yesterday. 22. Thousands of new houses (to build) every year. 23. This station (to construct) by next year.

B. 1. This piece of music (to know) to me. But it never (to play) so wonderfully. 2. When I came into the cinema, a new film (to show). I was sorry that I (not, to tell) about the show before and was late for the beginning as the end impressed me greatly. 3. It is raining and football (not to play). 4. The mother (to tell) not to worry about the sick boy. He (to examine) soon by the doctor. 5. When you come here in summer, their house (to repair). 6. It‘s a very good class. It (to teach) by Mr. Smith. 7. I

(to introduce) to him last week but I am afraid I shall not recognize him if I meet him again. 8. This book (to speak) about for two months. 9. I wonder what (to build) here? 10. The letter (to post) four days ago. 11. What will you do if you (not to meet) at the station? 12. Don‘t come into the compartment; the berth (to fix) now. 13. The first draft resolution (not, to discuss) yesterday; it (to withdraw) long before the beginning of the meeting. 14. He is not in town; he (to send) on a special mission. 15. A new underground line (to construct) now. They say one of its stations (to build) in my street. 16. It was three o‘clock. We (to tell) to hurry because we (to wait). 17. His pen (not to make use of) yet. 18. Do you believe that such a problem can (to solve)? 19. It must (to do) without delays. 20. By the time he arrives everything (to settle). 21. His presence seldom (to take notice of). 22. The plan (to approve)? - No, it (to discuss) now. - How long

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