MAKE_THE_GRADE_kafedra

I couldn‘t decide what to get Ann for her birthday, … I didn‘t get her anything at all. 4. … of the course the students usually have a party. 5. His illness got worse and worse, … he head to go into hospital for an operation. 6. I started a new job as a telephone operator … of this year. I found a job rather complicated …, but I got used to it. … I am quite good at it now, and I am getting a pay-rise … of this month. I‘ve got a month‘s holiday soon, starting … of July and … of September. I couldn‘t decide where to go at first, but I decided on Malta … .

F. Within, after, afterwards, from … to / until / till.

1. I‘m in trouble with my history teacher. He gave us a project to finish … a week, and I haven‘t even started it yet. I was going to do it … dinner on Tuesday, but my friend phoned and invited me out to the cinema. He didn‘t tell me we were going to a party … ! We stayed at the party … 11 o‘ clock … 3.00 in the morning. Now it is Friday and the History class starts at 2 p.m. If I don‘t finish the project … the next two hours, my teacher will probably make me stay behind … school.

Ex. 347. Complete the following sentences with in, at, on for the adverbial modifiers of place (position).

A. 1. Turn left ... the traffic lights. 2. It can be dangerous when children play football … the street. 3. I‘ll meet you … the corner of the street at 10.00. 4. We got stuck … a traffic jam … the way to the airport. 5. There was an accident … the crossroads this morning. 6. I can‘t find Tom … this photograph. Is he … it? 7. Mr. Boyle‘s office is … the fi rst floor. 8. Do you take sugar … your coffee? 9. The man the police are looking for has a scar … his right cheek. 10. We normally use the front entrance to the building but there‘s another entrance … the back. 11. You‘ll find the sports results … the back page of the newspaper. 12. In most countries people drive … the right.

B. I didn‘t see you … the party on Saturday. Where were you? 2. It was a very slow train. It stopped ... every little station. 3. Many people are

… prison for crimes that they did nor commit. 4. Tom‘s ill. He was not … work today. He was … home … bed. 5. I haven‘t seen Ken for some time. I last saw him … Dave‘s wedding. 6. Linda was injured … a road accident a few days ago. She is still … hospital. 7. It was a very long voyage. We were … sea for ten weeks. 8. Paul is a student … London University. 9. I like the countryside and the fresh air. I think I‘d like to work … a farm. 110. We went to a concert … the Royal Festival Hall.

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C. 1. After many years away, he arrived back … England a month ago. 2. The train from London arrives … platform four. 3. What time do you expect to arrive … London? 4. What time do you expect to arrive … the hotel? 5. What time do you usually arrive … home in the evening? 6. What time do you usually arrive … work in the morning? 7. We arrived … the town with nowhere to stay. 8. When we arrived … the cinema, there was a long queue outside. 9. It‘s a strange feeling when you first arrive … a foreign country. 10. I arrived … home feeling very tired. 11. The delegation of teachers from England is to arrive … school in a week.

Ex. 348. Fill in the gaps with the correct preposition.

A. 1. Last year my family went … holiday to Thailand. We went … air; it was a very long journey but we were very well looked after … the plane by all the stewardesses. When we arrived … the airport, we went directly to our hotel … taxi. There was a lot of traffic … the streets of the city and there were many people walking … the pavements. We stayed … a large hotel … the outskirts of Bangkok. We were given a wonderful suite … the top floor of the hotel. The most enjoyable day I had was when we went … a trip … a boat, down the river to the crocodile farm. We had a wonderful holiday.

B. Last year I went … a trip, which was an absolute disaster. I was going … Berlin … business, when, … accident, I got … the wrong train. We were … the way to Brussels before I realized my mistake. When I got to Brussels, I had more problems because all my money was … German Marks and I didn‘t have my credit card with me. … chance, I found a helpful policeman, who was soon … the phone to my company. Thanks … his help, I was able to arrange for some money to be sent to a nearby bank.

I spent that night … a hotel and paid my bill … cash before leaving. … the end, I got to Berlin twenty-four hours later than I had expected. Everyone thought my trip was a big joke, especially when I told them I had seen

Brussels … the way.

Ex. 349. Point out homogeneous parts, define them and say by what they are expressed.

1. He had lived with this block for several months now, studied it in every light, from every angle, in every degree of heat and cold. 2. He felt discouraged, strangely empty. 3. He came in slowly, hesitated, took up a toothpick from a dish on the top of the piano, and went out again. 4. They went side by side, hand in hand, silently toward the hedge. 5. The Captain

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was mostly concerned about himself, his own comfort, his own safety. 6. She extended a slender hand and smiled pleasantly and naturally. 7. Thousands of sheets must be printed, dried, cut. 8. And suddenly she burst into tears of disappointment, shame and overstrain. 9. Her mother was speaking in her low, pleasing, slightly metallic voice. 10. From the sea came a ripple and whisper.

Ex. 350. Make up sentences joining homogeneous parts with both … and, neither … nor, either … or. Look at the model.

Model: Tom was late. So was Ann. – Both Tom and Ann were late.

He didn‘t write. He didn‘t telephone. – He neither wrote nor telephoned.

1. The hotel wasn‘t clean. And it wasn‘t comfortable. 2. It was a very boring film. It was very long too. 3. Is that man‘s name Richard? Or is it Robert? It‘s none of the two. 4. I haven‘t got the time to go on holiday. And I haven‘t got the money. 5. We can leave today or we can leave tomorrow. – whichever you prefer. 6. He gave up his job because he needed a change. Also because the pay was low. 7. George doesn‘t smoke. And he doesn‘t drink. 8. The front of the house needs painting. The back needs painting too. 9. I‘m not sure where he is from. He is Spanish or he is

Italian. 10. Jane didn‘t come to the party. Mary didn‘t come to the party either.

Ex. 351. Supply the missing connectors (not only… but also, both … and, as well as) of the homogeneous parts in the following sentences.

1. Julia speaks … Spanish but also Italian. 2. She bought the yellow sweater … the beige skirt. 3. They have houses … in the country and in the city. 4. He is not only industrious … ingenious. 5. Her children have American cousins … Spanish ones. 6. Their European tour includes …

Germany and Austria but also Switzerland. 7. He bandaged the arm both tightly … quickly. 8. Clark not only practices law … teaches it. 9. Tom Tryon is a playwright … an actor. 10. The bride‘s bouquet included roses … orchids. 11. Beth plays … the guitar and the violin. 12. Robert is talented … handsome.

7.5.2. The compound and the complex sentence

Ex. 352. Point out the coordinate clauses (mark the elliptical ones) and comment on the way they are joined.

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1. It was high summer, and the hay harvest was almost over. 2. His eyes were bloodshot and heavy, his face a deadly white, and his body bent as if with age. 3. You‘ll either sail this boat correctly or you‘ll never go out with me again. 4. She often enjoyed Annette‘s company, yet the child made her nervous.5. It was early afternoon, but very dark outside, and the lamps had already been turned on. 6. All the rooms were brightly lighted, but there seemed to be complete silence in the house. 7. He only smiled, however, and there was comfort in his hearty rejoinder, for there seemed to be a whole sensible world behind it.

Ex. 353. Define the kinds of subordinate clauses: subject, object and predicative clauses. Translate the sentences into your native language.

1. What you saw tonight was an ending. 2. The trouble with you, Martin, is that you are always looking for a master. 3. Suddenly realizing what had happened, she sprang to her feet. 4. Who and what he was, Martin never learned. 5. What he would do next he did not know. 6. What I want is to be paid for what I do. 7. I cannot help thing there is something wrong about that closet. 8. And what is puzzling me is why they want me now. 9. I only write down what seems to me to be the truth.10. Her fear was lest they should stay for tea.

Ex. 354. Define the kinds of clauses introduced by that.

1. His smile was so easy, so friendly, that Laura recovered. 2. It was just luck that he didn‘t catch the boat. 3. The impression he gathered was that he would be able to make his own terms. 4. In fact Mrs. Spear‘s callers made the remark that you never would have known that there was a child in the house. 5. The box that the fur came out of was on the bed. 6. ―I sit alone that I may eat more‖, said the Baron, peering into the dusk. 7. I believe that all we claim is that we try to say what appears to be the truth. 8. At first she used to read to me but it was such a dismal performance that I could not bear to hear her.

Ex. 355. Join the subordinate clauses of time using the correct time conjunctions: until, while, before, as, when, as soon as, by the time, as long as.

1. … King Henry VIII of England was 18 years old, he was already the ruler of his country. He is probably remembered by so many people because he married six times … he was King. His first wife, Katherine of

Aragon, gave him a daughter but no sons to take the throne after him. It

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seemed that … she was his wife, he would not have a son. Henry wanted to marry Anne Boleyn, but … he could marry her he had to divorce Catherine. Anne gave Henry another daughter but no sons and for this reason he had her beheaded. … she was dead, he found another wife. She did have a son but she died just … the baby was born. Henry remained King … he died in 1547. … he died, his only son, Edward, came to the throne, but … he was 16, he died too.

Ex. 356. Choose the correct connective to join the adverbial clause of purpose.

It was midnight on Sunday 9th March and I was on duty. I had my walkie-talkie with me (for / so that) I could contact my partner if I needed him. I noticed that the door of number 14 Lime Avenue was open. I approached the house quietly (in order to / for fear) investigate. I entered cautiously (not to / so as not to) alert the intruder. He had a large sack (for / to) carry the stolen goods. I caught him by surprise and arrested him. I took him to the station (to / for) questioning. He admitted everything, but we recorded his statement (for fear that / so that) he might change his story later.

Ex. 357. Join the subordinate clauses of concession using the correct connectives: although / though / even though, despite, while / whereas, but, however / no matter how, whatever / no matter what, as.

Mary is 16 and at school. … being good at most subjects, there are some that she still has problems with. … hard she studies, she does not seem to get good marks in Maths, … her father sits with her every week to try and help her understand it better. She loves art, … she always gets good grades, … she does not like sports at all … she is quite athletic. Mary knows that … she‘s still at school she has to keep working hard in all the subjects she‘s studying … grades she gets. … , she‘s optimistic that she‘ll improve overall.

Ex. 358. Join the relative clauses filling in the correct relative pronoun or adverb: who, which, that, whose, when, where, why.

Jean Crowder, … is 65, has a fascinating job. She works at a leisure centre, … she teaches aerobics at classes … attract women of all ages. Jean, … slim figure and fashionable hairstyle make her look younger, first attended a keep-fit class 45 years ago … she was a student. Then she heard about a class … needed an instructor. That‘s … she started this particular

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career. Jean‘s classes, … last one hour, include dance and step exercises. Jean has some tips for those … wish to stay young. ―Eat plenty of fruit, … is good for you. Try to spend time in places … there is fresh air. Talk to young people, … ideas can open your eyes‖. Jean will only stop teaching aerobics … she is too old to walk. But, as she says, ―I want to delay that day. That‘s the reason … I look after my health‖.

Ex. 359. Fill in the relative pronoun and put commas where necessary. Distinguish between defining and non-defining relative clauses. Decide whether the relative pronoun can be omitted or not.

1. The food … I like best of all is spaghetti. 2. Fred … mother lives in Edinburgh has gone to Scotland. 3. The building … was next to the school fell down. 4. The restaurant … we celebrated my birthday has closed. 5. Mrs. Jones if the woman … is in charge of this company. 6. The book … I‘m reading is about China. 7. The children … I baby-sit for are twins. 8. The supermarket … is near our house is open on Sundays. 9. The actor … I most admire is Robert de Niro. 10. The dog … Roger bought has just had six puppies. 11. The dog … lives next door has had six puppies.

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UNIT 2 TELEVION AND CINEMA

2.1. READING

Ex.1

1B 2A 3C 4D 5B 6A 7A 8D 9B 10D 11C 12A Ex.2

1A 2D 3B 4C 5A 6B 7C

2.2. USE OF ENGLISH

Ex. 1

1h 2a 3k 4p 5l 6f 7b 8c 9d 10g 11e 12j 13 i 14o 15n 16m

Ex. 2.

1 up 2 in 3 in 4 away 5 out 6 as 7 at 8 on, upon 9 in 10 to 11 to 12 with 13 off 14 away 15 for 16 on 17 on 18 on 19 at 20 on 21 in

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Ex. 6

1 – had better shut (should / ought to / have to / must shut) 2 – could /would you hand (can / will you hand)

3 – don‘t /won‘t have to go

4 – can already say (is already able to say) 5 – must / have to attend

6 – had to wait

7 – could / might go

8 – would rather go

9 – must not have seen

10 – had better clean (should / ought to/ must / have to clean) 11 – can‘t / couldn‘t be (must not be)

12 – may /might / could belong (must belong) 13 – cannot go (must not / may not go)

14 – had better answer (should / ought to / have to answer) 15 – might / could / may be

16 – should not have laughed

17 – May / Can / Could I speak

18 – can‘t come

19 – May / Can I take

20 – should / ought to take (could take)

21 – can get

22 – had to study

23 – should have come

24 – should have been / was supposed to be 25 – could / might / may be

26 – must have been daydreaming

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