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it (to discuss)? 23. The money (to lend) to him two months ago, but it (not to give) back yet. 24. English pronunciation always (to pay attention to). 25. When dirty streets (to lose sight of) he sighed with relief. 26. This tradition must (to keep) in Great Britain since medieval times. 27. By now the news must (to spread) all over the city. 28. He didn‘t seem to be surprised when I told him about his promotion. He might (to tell) about it before. 29. This work ought to (to complete) yesterday.

Ex. 210. Translate the following sentences into English using the Passive Voice:

A. 1. Найважливiшi новини друкуються у ранкових газетах. 2. Нацiональна галерея у Лондонi була побудована у 1838 роцi. 3. Рiшення прийнято. Нiчого вже не можна змiнити. 4. Вам допоможуть через п‘ять хвилин. 5. Такi запитання на вступних iспитах не ставлять. 6. Послухай! Грають якусь дуже знайому мелодiю! 7. Вiн вiдчув, що за ним хтось iде. 8. Дiти пiшли спати лише пiсля того, як ялинку було прикрашено. 9. За що його критикують? – Його лекцiї нiхто не слухає. 10. Цю iнформацiю треба запам‘ятати. 11. Усi пiдручники було спродано до початку навчального року. 12. Речi вже упаковано? - Так, валiзи вже готовi, а сумку зараз пакують. 13. Це мiсто було засноване в XI столiттi. 14. Багато смачних страв готують з овочiв та фруктiв.

В. 1. Не заходьте до залу, його провiтрюють. 2. Коли ми повернулися, речi вже були складенi. 3. Пошту вже принесли. 4. До вашого приходу стiл буде накритий. 5. Бiлизну прали, коли хтось постукав у двері. 6. На усi вашi запитання будуть вiдповiдi пiсля лекцiї. 7. Про умови контракту домовилися, i вiн був пiдписаний. 8. Вони стояли й махали рукою, доки автомобiль не зник з очей. 9. Дiтям розповiдають зараз вечiрню казку. 10. Вчора усiм учасникам конференцiї були врученi копiї цiєї декларації. 11. На його книги посилаються усi лiнгвісти. 12. На цьому тижнi йому запропонували цiкаву роботу. 13. Вам не доведеться чекати. Коли ви прийдете, усi документи будуть перевiренi, а листи надрукованi. 14. Лист друкували, коли я увiйшов. 15. Квитки вже були замовленi, коли вiн подзвонив. 16. Завтра йому повiдомлять про цi новини. 17. Це питання можна відкласти до наступної наради. 18. На таких дівчат часто звертають увагу. 19. Проблемам викладання іноземних мов було приділено багато уваги на останнiй конференції. 20. У нашiй країнi завжди пiклуються про ветеранiв вiйни. 21. На цього студента

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можна покластися. 22. Проти його пропозиції нiхто не заперечував. 23. Мабуть, ця стаття була прочитана ще вчора. 24. Невже цi списки було змiнено на тому тижнi? 25. Вашу машину слiд було вiдремонтувати перед подорожжю, але тепер вже пiзно про це говорити. 26. Це велика колекцiя. Мабуть, її збирають вже давно. 27. Цю подiю слiд було прокоментувати ще у вчорашньому випуску новин.

Ex. 211. Put the verbs in brackets into required tense and voice form:

A. 1. Nobody (to see) him yesterday. 2. The telegram (to receive) tomorrow. 3. He (to give) me this book next week. 4. The answer to this question can (to find) in the encyclopedia. 5. We already (to show) the historical monuments of the capital to the delegation. 6. Budapest (to divide) by the Danube into two parts: Buda and Pest. 7. Yuri Dolgoruki (to found) Moscow in 1147. 8. Moscow University (to found) by Lomonosov. 9. You can (to find) interesting information about the life in the USA in this book. 10. They (to repair) the clock now. 11. All the texts just (to look through). 12. The room (to clean) and (to air) now. 13. It was so dark, that the houses could (not to see). 14. I am sure I (to ask) at the lesson tomorrow. 15. The article (to publish) by next month. 16. We (to send) our daughter to rest in the south every year. 17. She (to watch) TV when I entered the room. 18. Your report must (to divide) into three parts. 19. We (to plant) all the trees by the middle of last autumn. 20. New children‘s books (to sell) in that shop when I entered yesterday. 21. You may (to leave) your hat and coat in the cloak-room downstairs. 22. The trucks (to load) by three o‘clock yesterday. 23. The key may (to leave) with the clerk downstairs. 24. Mushrooms (to gather) in autumn. 25. I (to give) a very interesting book at the library last Friday. 26. When I came home, they (to eat) the sweets.

B. 1. I (to look) for my gloves since morning. 2. The letter (to write) by a left-hander. I (to understand) it after I (to read) it several times. 3. When the teacher entered the classroom the students still (to translate) the text. 4. The expression of gratitude ( to follow) by a knock at the door. 5. The flowers (to water) by the time you come. 6. Many questions (to ask) and (to answer) before they got to the truth. 7. He must (to do) these exercises yesterday. 8. I (to introduce) to him last week but I am afraid I

(not to recognize) him if I meet him again. 9. April Fool‘s Day (to mark) for the last few years in Russia too. 10. This box ought to (to take) to the station two days ago. 11. Where your car usually (to repair)? 12. We (to

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visit) the palace many times. 13. How long the girl (to teach) music? 14. He (to wound) when he (to try) to stop the man attacking a young girl. 15. Some of them told me that the Browns (to move) to New York. 16. The children already (to put) to bed when I came home. 17. The suit-cases are ready. They must (to pack) yesterday. 18. Could he (to invite) to the party yesterday? 19. My parents (not to approve of) heavily made up girls. 20. His books (to refer to) by all those who work at this problem. 21. The elder brother (to send for) as soon as we knew that news. 22. What aspects of social life (to touch on) in his next interview? 23. While I‘m away my mother (to look after) my children. 24. I can‘t (to find) my key. It might (to lose). 25. I‘m sure this declaration (to insist on). 26. Mary looks happy.

She might (to pass) her exam well. 27. The article (to translate) now, it (to publish) as soon as they (to return) it. 28. He complains that he always (to find fault with). 29. Suddenly we (to lose sight of) the man who was going ahead of us. 30. This pen (not to make use of) yet. 31. Finally after we (to wait) for half an hour, salad, beefsteak and tea (to serve).

7.2.6. The sequence of tenses. Reported (Indirect) speech

Ex. 212. Use the verb in the principal clause in the Past tense and make all the necessary changes:

Model: He says he is a student. He said he was a student.

A. 1. She says she learns two foreign languages. 2. We know they live far from the centre of the town. 3. I'm afraid they don't know each other. 4. He thinks his parents are sleeping now. 5. I'm sure she isn't going to tell us the truth. 6. They say it's raining hard in their district. 7. She says she has known the Smiths for a long time. 8. I don't know who has brought the telegram. 9. The boss says your application hasn't been considered yet. 10. They say they received the letter yesterday. 11. She writes they moved into the new flat a month ago. 12. She says these papers were delivered yesterday. 13. I suppose my friend will come to the party. 14. They don't know when the meeting will be over. 15. She tells us she will be on time. 16. We know they'll be waiting for us at the entrance to the theatre. 17. The children hope they'll be having a very good time with their granny. 18. The teacher says her students will have finished the test by 11 o'clock. 19. They are sure they will have improved their English by the end of the term. 20. I know I can do without anybody's help. 21. Father thinks I cannot solve this crossword puzzle. 22. The weather forecast says the

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weather may change for the better next week. 23. The boss says I should type these papers today.

B. 1. I'm sure she will help you if you ask. 2. I'm afraid you won't recognize me when we meet. 3. He says he'll be passing my house when he goes to school. 4. I'm sure your brother will be watching TV when you come home. 5. She promises she will give me the book when she has read it. 6. They say they will let us know as soon as they make a decision. 7. Mother says she won't let me go for a walk unless I've done my homework. 8. I know that he has told her that he receives letters from his brother every week. 9. She says that he has told her that he is writing a new play. 10. I think she knows that he has taken the first place in the chess tournament. 11. I think he will tell her that he intends to go there. 12. I know they were having breakfast from 8 to 9 o'clock. 13. He says he was working at the language laboratory from 3 till 5 p.m. 14. He says he has been waiting for her since 11 in the morning. 15. She says she was doing the flat at the moment. 16. She says that she was working when I rang her up. 17. He says he met his schoolteacher when he was getting out of t he train. 18. They say they have been staying here for 3 days. 19. He says he has been studying English for 2 years. 20. He says that Byron was born on January 22, 1788. 21. The teacher says that water boils at 100 degrees centigrade. 22. He tells us that we mustn't cross the road against the red light. 23. It so happens Mother has to stay at home and cook dinner for us. 24. I think it must be her house. 25. They tell us we needn't bother about the tickets. 26. I'm glad I don't have to get up early tomorrow. 27. I suppose you mustn't speak to your mother in such a way. 28. My friends say I ought to speak at the meeting.

Ex. 213. Put the following statements into Indirect Speech using the verbs in brackets. Don’t forget to change the tenses where necessary.

Model: He said to his friends, ―I am leaving for Kyiv on Monday‖

(to inform)

He informed his friends that he was leaving for Kyiv on Monday.

She will say to the teacher, ―I could not write my composition because I was ill‖ (to explain).

She will explain to the teacher that she could not write the composition because she was ill.

A. 1. She tells us, ―I can‘t swim‖ (to warn). 2. My friend said, ―I work only three days a week‖ (to inform). 3. She told me, ''You don't eat

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enough!'' (to assure). 4. He tells us, ''She has got red hair'' (to think). 5. He has said, ''I know I won't be able to do it'' (to admit). 6. Mother will say, ''Jack returned an hour ago'' (to point out). 7. She tells me, ''My husband met them a few days ago'' (to confess). 8. He told me, ''I think she will come'' (to promise). 9. He has told us, ''They are not English'' (to suspect). 10. They told us, ''We are going to stay in London'' (to declare). 11. He said, ''They have been away for a long time'' (to agree). 12. The doctor says, ''She's hurt her ankle rather badly'' (to remark).

B. 1. He told the manager, ''It's the worst job I've ever had'' (to murmur). 2. I tell them, ''I know this job can be done on time'' (to assure). 3. He said, ''She doesn't think she'll be there'' (to reply). 4. Arthur will say, ''They are the best secretaries I've ever had'' (to admit). 5. The doctor said, ''I am afraid she's broken her leg'' (to be sure). 6. He has told us, ''I've decided I'm going to stay in London after all'' (to contess). 7. He said, ''I know they won't go to the country if it rains'' (to assure). 8. He told me, ''I shall buy some new stamps for you if you give me this one'' (to promise). 9. They told us, ''We won't be able to join you until this work is completed'' (to warn). 10. My father told me, ''I think I shan't go to the beach with you today because I am very busy'' (to remark). 11. He said,

―I'm sure this question has been discussed since the manager entered the room'' (to assure). 12. Kitty says, ''When I came Jane was playing the piano'' (to reply). 13. John told me, ''I was writing a letter to my father at that time yesterday'' (to assure). 14. He told me, ''I have been writing a letter to my father for an hour'' (to explain). 15. My friend told me, ''I have been looking for you since the very morning'' (to confess).

Ex. 214. Put the following questions into Indirect Speech with the introductory verbs in the past tense. Vary the introductary verbs: to ask, to inquire, to wonder, to want to know, to try to find out.

A. 1. Does Jane live in London? 2. Did your brother study at Oxford University? 3. Is basketball played in many countries? 4. Do you play tennis every day? 5. Have you ever seen the pyramids of Egypt? 6. Were they taught English literature at school? 7. Are your children still skating? 8. Has the mail arrived yet? 9. Is your letter still being typed? 10. Have you been talking on the telephone all this time? 11. Will you be met at the station? 12. Will you be helping him tomorrow? 13. Are there any questions? 14. Will it take us long to get there? 15. Do I have to hand in the paper today? 16. Has the classroom been aired long? 17. Did she learn to play the guitar? 18. Will she take part in the performance? 19. Was

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Mike still taking an exam when you entered the room? 20. Had they already left by the time you went to the station? 21. Has the decision been already taken? 22. Will she be training at 10 tomorrow? 23. Do you know when the results will be out? 24. Were they watching TV at 7 p.m. yesterday? 25. Has she been studying German since October?

B. 1. What are you talking about? 2. What other countries do you like to visit? 3. What did the director tell you? 4. What colour was her hair? 5. Where can I see you next week? 6. Why didn't you come to the party last night? 7. How far is it to the Hawaii? 8. How many bedrooms are there in your new house? 9. When was she sent on business? 10. What is being discussed now? 11. Who was he speaking to when I came up to him? 12. How long has she been talking to him? 13. How much money is spent on it every week? 14. Who will the role of Hamlet be played by? 15. How long will it take us if we go there by plane? 16. How many articles will you have translated by the end of this month? 17. When was this task fulfilled? 18. How long has he been working here? 19. What is shown in this diagram? 20. What is he going to do on Sunday? 21. Who has this book been written by? 22. Since when have they been developing this project? 23. What was he cleaning at 6 yesterday? 24. Who is the author of this book? 25. Had it started raining before you came home?

Ex. 215. Put the following imperative sentences into Indirect Speech:

1. ''Open the safe!'' the raiders ordered the bank clerk. 2. ''Please do as I say'', he begged me. 3. ''Help your mother,Peter'', Mr.Pitt said. 4. ''Don't make too much noise, children'', he said. 5. ''Do whatever you like'', she allowed us. 6. ''Don't miss your train'', she warned them. 7. ''Read the document before you sign it'', the lawyer warned his client. 8. ―Will you fill in the blank again, please?'' he asked Mr. Brown. 9. ''Buy a new car'', I advised him. 10. ''Don't drive too fast'', she begged him.11. ''Don't put your bicycle near my window'', forbade the shopkeeper. 12. ''Would you like to come to the cinema with me?'' he asked her. 13. ''Cook it in butter'', I advised her. 14. ''Send for the fire brigade'', the manager ordered the porter. 15. ''Will you pay at the desk, please?'' said the shopassistant to her. 16. ''Don't argue with me'', the teacher told the boy. 17. ''Pull as hard as you can'', he advised her. 18. ''Don't lend anything to her'', he advised us. 19. ''Will you make me some coffee, Betty?'' he asked. 20. ''Now, Mr Bryan, could you start at the beginning?'' he requested. 21. ''Will you tell Bill his mother wants him on the phone?'' she asked the secretary. 22. ''Please, don't try to keep anything from me'', she begged her daughter. 23.

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''Hello, Irene'', he said. ''Please,come here‖. 24. ''Good night'', she said.

''Wake me up at eight, won't you?''. 25. ''Good-bye, Mrs Hall'', Nick said. ''Thanks for the company.''

Ex. 216. Put sentences with modal verbs and their equivalents into Indirect Speech. Vary the introductory verb.

1. ''If what you have said is true I must go to the police'', he said. 2. ''You don't need to come in tomorrow'', said my employer. ''You may take a day off.'' 3. ''I'll be busy next week and won't be able to help you'', she said to us. ―Besides this text must be typed and as for me, I cannot type, so

I'll have to ask somebody to do it'', she added. 4. ''You mustn't come in without knocking'', she said. 5. ''Your ticket may cost five pounds'', he told me. 6. His father said: ''You should work harder next term if you want to know more.'' 7.''You mustn't play with knives, children'', said their mother. 8. ''You needn't get up till nine tomorrow'', I warned. 9. ''After the lecture I have to go home quickly'', he said. 10. ''You should try to repair your chair'', she said. - ''I can, but nothing will come of it'', answered the boy. 11. The official said, ''This passport photo isn't like you at all. You must have another one taken.'' 12. ''I must go to the dentist tomorrow'', she said to me. ''I have an appointment.'' 13. ''I will go to bed. I had to get up very early today'', he said.14. ''I couldn't meet her. I was working'', he said. 15. ''Ann's English is very poor. She must study very hard'', the teacher said. 16. ''Something was wrong with the receiver, I could not hear you well yesterday'', she said.

Ex. 217. Use say or tell in the correct form:

1. He … he hadn't been invited. 2. He … to give his name. 3. Mother … Jim to wash up and clean the house when the guests had left. 4. I couldn't understand what she … .5. In the taxi he … to her he had quitted his job. 6. She … she would return soon. 7. We … that our examination would begin at eight. 8. I wondered who … her such nonsense! 9. She … it to me confidentially but I can't help sharing it with you. 10. They … they had enjoyed the concert. 11. Who … that smoking is harmful? 12. She … her not to interfere. 13. He … us he had known them for a long time.

Ex. 218. Put the following sentences into Indirect Speech. Vary the introductory verbs.

A. 1. Tom said: ‖I‘m leaving for France next week.‖ 2. ‖I have something to tell you‖, I said to her. 3. Mary asked, ‖Is he interested in

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English poetry?‖ 4. ‖I met her for the first time on a warm sunny morning last spring‖, he said. 5. ‖I‘m going to call again tomorrow, mother‖, she said. 6. ‖It will be very difficult to persuade her to take care of herself, doctor‖, I replied. 7. ‖Return these books to the library, please‖, she said to the girl. 8. ‖Does he care much for her?‖ they asked. 9. ‖I‘ve been to Turkey twice, but so far I haven‘t had time to visit Istanbul‖, said Robert. 10. The guide said, ― By the end of your stay here you will have seen all the sights of the town.‖ 11. ‖Is she learning Chinese?‖, he wondered. 12. ‖When did he graduate from the University?‖, she asked. 13. ‖Don‘t be late for the meeting‖, he said. 14. ‖The president is to come to Madrid the day after tomorrow‖, said the BBC announcer. 15. ‖We have a lift but very often it doesn‘t work‖, they said to us. 16. ‖How can she prove it?‖ he said. 17. ‖Will you help me to carry this box?‖ she said. 18. ‖We have bought a new flat. But we don‘t like it so much as our last one‖, said my cousin. 19. She said, ‖We became friends when we left college.‖ 20. ‖Has he earned a lot of money?‖ she wondered. 21. ‖What shall we do next?‖ they said. 22. Dennis said, ‖She was not so young as I expected and not so beautiful.‖ 23. The old woman said, ‖I‘ve lived in this house all my life and I have never seen any ghosts here.‖ 24. The man shouted, ‖You don‘t know what you are talking about.‖ 25. The boy said, ‖I know these places very well so I can act as your guide if you want.‖

B.1. ‖I have no idea who has done it but I‘ll find out‖, said Peggy.

2.He said, ‖My mother has just been operated on and she will be staying in the hospital for some days‖. 3. ‖What is being played?‖ asked the lady.

4. ‖Don‘t forget to call me when you get home‖, he said to her. 5. ‖Some

English newspapers are published not for profit but because of the prestige they give the publishers‖, he said to them. 6. ‖She has been sitting in the garden since the police came‖, I said to the officer. 7. ‖Have they been warned?‖ he wondered. 8. ‖Put out the lights when you leave the house‖, the mother said to her son. 9. ‖These letters must be sent immediately as soon as they are translated‖, the manager said. 10. ‖The

US Constitution has been amended 26 times since 1789 and will be further revised in the future‖, he said. 11. ‖Were your papers still being checked when you came two hours later?‖ she asked him. 12. ‖They were teasing her at school‖, said Len. 13. He said, ‖She was reading some letters when you called her‖. 14. ‖Will you give Mr. Smith this message?‖ he said. 15. He said, ‖Why have you been crying, Mary?‖ 16. ‖The workers‘ strike was followed by a series of repressive measures on the part of the company administration‖, said the BBC announcer. 17. He said, ‖What

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have you been doing with yourself all this time?‖ 18. ‖I won‘t come if I am not invited‖, she said to him. 19. ‖Are these papers read by average Englishmen?‖ he asked the editor. 20. ‖The world‘s first iron bridge was built over the river Severn to show how iron could be used‖, the teacher said to his students. 21. ‖I have always been convinced that industry is rewarded‖, said Ben to her. 22. ‖Were newspapers delivered regularly last year?‖ he said. 23. ‖Annette will have come to Paris in an hour if there are no delays‖, Pete thought. 24. My guests grumbled, ‖It has been raining all the time since we arrived here a week ago‖. 25. ‖Can a taxi be found here?‖ he wondered. 26. ‖Stonehenge is often referred to as one of the mysteries of human civilizations‖, said the lecturer. 27. Ann asked, ‖How long have you been working?‖ 28. ‖Will you wait a little, please? The letters are being sorted out now‖, said the secretary. 29. ‖Do you mean we have been invited to the party too?‖ he asked me. ‖I will have fed and washed the child before you come to fetch him‖, she replied.

Ex. 219. Put the following sentences into Direct Speech:

A. 1. The woman said she was feeling bad that day. 2. Tom said he would go to see the doctor the next day. 3. He told me he was ill. 4. I asked if they had taken the sick man to hospital. 5. My neighbour asked me to leave the key at my sister‘s. 6. They told me that Nick had not come to school the day before. 7. He said he had just been examined by a good doctor. 8. He asked her if she was afraid of thunderstorm. 9. I asked the secretary if I might speak to the headmistress. 10. He said his health had greatly improved since then. 11. Mary wondered if Jane would be busy the next day. 12. He said that he didn‘t like the main character of the book but he could not explain why. 13. The man told us to have our passports ready. 14. She asked me to hurry up as there was little time left before the beginning of the meeting. 15. I asked my aunt when she was going to her home town. 16. He told me that he hadn‘t been able to ring me up in time. 17. He asked his group mates to wait for him. 18. He said he couldn‘t understand the rule. 19. She asked her friend if the rain had stopped. 20. He asked his brother what he would do if he didn't find the book he needed. 21. She told me she had caught cold. 22. I told my brother that I was sorry he hadn't kept his promise. 23. The woman told him not to worry and go home quietly. 24. She said that her brother was playing chess with her grandmother. 25. He asked why there were so few people in the street.

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B. 1. She asked if he‘d like to go to the concert and I said that I was sure he would. 2. She told me to look where I was going as the road was full of holes and very badly lit. 3. They said that while they were bathing they saw someone examining their clothes. 4. I asked if she had looked everywhere and she said that she had. 5. He suggested giving her a bottle of wine. 6. He said that the new carpet had arrived and asked where he was to put it. 7. He said that two days previously an enormous load of firewood had been dumped at his front gate and that since then he hadn‘t been able to get his car out. 8. They offered me some more wine and I accepted. 9. He said that if I found the front door locked I was to go round to the back. 10. She asked the burglars who they were and who had let them in. They told her to sit down and keep quiet unless she wanted to get hurt. 11. He asked what the weather had been like during my holidays and I said that it had been awful. 12. He suggested going down to the harbour and seeing if they could hire a boat. 13. He said that if I didn‘t like escalators I could go up the emergency staircase. I thanked him and said that I would do that. 14. He suggested that Tom and I should go ahead and get the tickets. 15. He said that he thought my electric iron was unsafe and advised me to have it seen to. 16. He said that if war broke out he would have to leave the country at once. 17. I asked him if he had enjoyed hunting and he said that he hadn‘t. 18. She said that she was surprised to see that the grandfather clock had stopped and asked if anyone had been fiddling with it. 19. She said that she had tried to ring her mother up several times on the previous day but had not succeeded in getting through. 20. I asked her if she‘d like to borrow the book but she thanked me and said that she had already read it and hadn‘t liked it very much. 21. He wanted to know if I was going to the dance and suggested that we should make up a party and go together. 22. I told her to stop making a fuss about nothing and said that she was lucky to have got a seat at all. 23. The clerk in the booking office inquired if I wanted a single or return ticket. I asked if a return ticket was cheaper. He said it made no difference. 24. My employer hoped I would not be offended if he told me that, in his opinion, I would do better in some other kind of job. 25. I stopped a man in the street and asked him to help me with my car. The man asked if it would take long, explaining that he was on his way to catch a train.

Ex. 220. Put the following conversations into Indirect Speech: with the introductory verbs in the past tense.

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