MAKE_THE_GRADE_kafedra

А. 1. Вчора до 3 години він вже закінчив свою статтю. 2. Коли ми приїхали на станцію, потяг вже відійшов. 3. Я підійшов до вікна. Дощ вже скінчився. 4. Я прокинувся о 9 годині ранку. Мати вже встала і приготувала сніданок. 5. До 9 години ранку вона вже переклала цей лист. 6. Він казав, що вже купив подарунки до Різдва для всієї родини. 7. Ми зустрічались з ним вчора. Тоді він ще не поговорив з директором. 8. Коли я зателефонував йому вчора, його сестра сказала, що він пішов до театру. 9. Я прийшов, коли вони почали обідати. 10. Він сказав, що ніколи не був в оперному театрі.

11.Вчора він придбав новий годинник, тому що загубив свій старий.

12.До початку цього тижня все вже було влаштовано.

В. 1. Як, ти ще не зробив домашнє завдання? Чому ти не зробив його вчора? 2. Мій друг був дуже блідий, коли я його зустрів, я зрозумів, що з ним щось трапилось. Я запитав його про це, але він відповів, що нічого не сталося. 3. Я нікого не знав у цьому місті, коли Пітер познайомив мене зі своїми друзями. 4. Коли мій приятель пішов, я згадав, що забув повернути йому книжку. 5. До восьмої години Джек закінчив роботу. Він вийшов на вулицю. Дощ скінчився, у небі сяяло сонце, але було досить прохолодно. Коли він ішов додому, він зустрів свого приятеля, якого давно не бачив. Приятель не впізнав Джека, тому що з того часу, як вони бачились, минуло багато років. 6. Скільки книжок, з тих що я вам рекомендував, Ви прочитали до початку цього місяця? – На жаль, я не прочитав жодної, тому що займався тоді іншими справами, але зараз я читаю вже другу книжку з того списку. 7. Коли я підійшов, Мері розмовляла зі своїм викладачем про контрольну роботу, яку вони писали позавчора. Коли до нас наблизився Джон, Мері вже закінчила розмову з викладачем і розповідала мені, яку вечірку вона вирішила влаштувати з приводу свого дня народження.

Ex. 176. Use the Past Indefinite tense or the Past Perfect tense with the conjunctions hardly … when … , scarcely …. when … , no sooner …. than.

1. Five o‘clock hardly (to strike) on the morning of the nineteenth of January when Bessie (to bring) a candle into my little room and (to find) me already up and nearly dressed. 2. Hardly I (to read) more than the first three chapters when I (to hear) a conversation going on in the next room. 3. Scarcely we (to make) ourselves comfortable in the parlour when an old fellow (to come) in smoking a long pipe. 4. No sooner he (to leave) the

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room than another man (to come) in. 5. Scarcely I (to finish) my work when my friends (to arrive). 6. Hardly we (to close) the door when a snowstorm (to begin). 7. No sooner I (to come) home and (to switch) on the TV than the figure-skating (to begin). 8. He hardly (to come) to his native town when he (to get) a telegram.

Ex. 177. Translate into English.

1. Не прочитав він і трьох сторінок, коли задзвонив телефон. 2. Я не був і п‘яти хвилин у приймальні, як мене запросили до директора. 3. Ледве двері зачинилися за нею, як я згадала, що саме хотіла їй розповісти. 4. Не встигла я зайти сьогодні до університету, як зустріла дівчину, з якою вчилась у школі. 5. Ледве ми встигли закінчити писати контрольну роботу з граматики, як продзвенів дзвоник на наступне заняття. 6. Не встигли ми дійти до набережної, як розпочався салют.

Ex. 178. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Indefinite tense, the Past Continuous tense or the Past Perfect tense.

A. 1. After Dickens‘s family (to leave) Chatham and (to settle) down in London, things went from bad to worse. 2. By the time I (to get) to the University, the meeting already (to begin). 3. Yes, Mary? What you (to say)? 4. Then he (to get) up and (to go) to the kitchen and (to open) the fridge. 5. My mother (to make) sandwiches in the kitchen and (not to hear) the bell. 6. Mrs. Oliver (to have) her breakfast in bed when the telephone (to ring). 7. After I (to pass) the entrance examinations, I (to become) a student of the University. 8. We (to pack) everything by the time the taxi (to arrive). 9. When we (to go) to see them last night, they (to play) chess. 10. I (to understand) the true state of affairs even before I (to read) your letter. 11. The silence in the room (to tell) that the rain (to stop). 12. Margot (to go) to the door and (to lock) it and (to return) with the key.

B. 1. He even (not to count) the money that Lammiter (to hold) out to him. 2. I (to look) at her. She (to smile) to herself and (not to answer) my question at once. I (to repeat) it. 3. For some time she (not to realize) where she (to be) and what (to happen). 4. She (can) not think why she (not to think) about it before. 5. While we (to watch) the last scene, Jean‘s warm tears (to fall) upon my hand one by one. 6. While she (to wash) the dishes, she (to drop) two cups but none of them (to break). 7. He (to look) through the window and (not to seem) to notice us. 8. She (to turn) half about and (to see) that the rain (to stop) and it (to be) a little brighter

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outside. 9. He (to tell) me that they (to be) at the same public school and (to be) friends ever since. 10. Peter (to walk) aimlessly up and down the room for a long time. He (not to know) what to do. 11. He (to make) good progress in French as he (to be taught) by an experienced teacher. 12. I (to go) quietly into the room. She (to sit) by the window staring at something. 13. They (to wander) about the forest for several hours. At last they (to decide) to return. 14. She (to get) into bed, (to lay) her head on the pillow and in two minutes (to sleep) like a child. 15. He (to make) tea and (to eat) the biscuits which Mrs. Aberdeen (to bring) him.

Ex. 179. Make the following sentences interrogative and negative. Explain the use of the Future Perfect tense.

1. I‘ll have finished my work by the time you come. 2. The guests will have arrived by the time you return home. 3. She will have already dined by the time I call on her. 4. By eleven o‘clock we shall have decorated the New Year tree. 5. Before you ring me up, I‘ll have already laid the table. 6. By that time tomorrow they will have arrived in their native town. 7. By this time next year she will have graduated from the University.

Ex. 180. Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Perfect tense.

1. By this time tomorrow we (to have) our injections. 2. By the end of next year I (to be) here twenty-five years. 3. By next winter they (to build) four houses in that district. 4. I (to save) $250 by this time next year. 5. By the time we get to the party, everything (to be) eaten. 6. The train (to leave) before we reach the station. 7. If I continue with my diet, I (to lose) 10 kilos by the end of the month. 8. By the end of my university course I (to attend) 1200 lectures. 9. By the time he leaves school, his parents (to spend) $6.000 on his education. 10. When you come back, I (to finish) all my housework. 11. The police (to hear) of the theft by this time. 12. On the fourth of next month he (to be) in prison for ten years. 13. When we reach the Crimea, we (to do) half of the journey. 14. If you don‘t hurry, the sun (to rise) before we reach the top. 15. By midnight he (to be) unconscious for forty-eight hours.

Ex. 181. Translate into English.

1. Я закінчу свої справи до того часу, коли ви прийдете. 2. Чи всі іспити ви складете до кінця січня? 3. Коли ви дістанетесь до театру,

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вистава вже почнеться. 4. До 8 години ранку вони вже поснідають. 5. До 9. 30 матч вже закінчиться. 6. Коли ти прийдеш до нього, Джим вже ляже спати. 7. До початку наступного місяця він вже витратить усі свої гроші. 8. Наступного понеділка буде 3 роки, як Чак у Британії. 9. Коли ви закінчите читати цю книжку, ви вивчите багато нових слів та конструкцій. 10. До цього часу завтра вони вже перетнуть канал. 11. Якщо ви зателефонуєте мені о 10 годині, я вже поговорю із секретарем. 12. Мені б хотілося знати, коли вона повернеться. Якщо вона прийде після 1 липня, я її не побачу, тому що вже поїду на курорт.

Ex. 182. Rewrite the sentences using the imperative or a future form in one clause, and the Present Perfect tense in the other.

Model: I (to give) you these journals after I (to look) them through. I will give you these journals after I have looked them through.

1. They (to join) us as soon as they (to finish) their work. 2. I (to ring) you up after I (to book) the tickets. 3. I (to let) you know as soon as I (to finish). 4. (Not to start) on Section 2 until you (to complete) all the questions in Section 1. 5. (Not to make) up your mind until you (to give) the matter some thought. 6. I (to be) ready for some lunch by the time I (to finish) digging in the house. 7. You (to get) used to our methods when you (to work) here a bit longer. 8. Please (not to smoke) until after the plane (to take off). 9. He (to make) a very fine tennis player when he (to have) a little more experience. 10. As soon as we (to solve) this problem, we (to be able) to go ahead.

Ex. 183. Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Indefinite, the Future Continuous, the Future Perfect, the Present Indefinite or the Present Perfect tenses. Remember that in clauses of time the Present Indefinite tense and the Present Perfect tense are used to denote future actions.

1. By the end of the year I (to read) five of Sha w‘s plays. 2. They (to leave) the country before you (to go) to see them. 3. Don‘t you know what Peter (to do) at 7 o‘clock? 4. I think mother (to cook) the dinner by the time I (to come) home. 5. By the end of the next term we (to learn) a lot of new words. 6. I hope, when you (to rewrite) this exercise, there (not to be) so many mistakes in it. 7. I expect you (to grow up) by the time I (to come) back from England. 8. She (not to have) any pudding until she (to eat) her

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potatoes. 9. When I (to learn) a thousand English words, I (to be able) to read a newspaper? 10. I (to write) all my exercises long before you (to come) back. 11. Don‘t ask for another book before you (to read) this one.

12. When I (to call) on her, Mary (to lay) the table. 13. When the hands of the clock (to be) close to midnight, our train (to approach) Vladivostok. 14. I hope that by the end of the year she (to teach) us to speak English a little. 15. Sit down, and when you (to rest), I (to show) you the garden.

Ex. 184. Supply the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

A. Mrs. White (to visit) her son John‘s school tomorrow. When she

(to get) there at 2 p.m., he (to have) the games, but this (not to matter) as she first (to go) to see the headmaster. By the time they (to finish) to talk, the lesson (to be) over and John (to have) a shower so that he (to be) ready to go home with his mother. In two hours John (to do) all his homework and (to be) quite free. When I (to arrive) at their house, John and his parents (to have) dinner. After dinner we (to listen) to the new records. Mrs. White (to make) some coffee by the time we (to stop) listening. We (to sit) in the dining-room and (to have) hot coffee. Then I (to go) home.

B. My friend‘s brother (to finish) his studies by spring and he (to look) forward to teaching. After he (to graduate), he (to go) to a village to teach and I think he (to become) a good teacher and children (to like) him. Now he (to work) hard as he (to know) that time (to fly) quickly and it may happen that he (to have) no time to revise everything thoroughly. Yesterday we (to study) together. I (to help) him with his degree paper. Tomorrow he (to work) all day long and in the evening we (to go) for a walk as I think he (to finish) his work by that time.

Ex. 185. Use the Present, Past or Future Perfect tenses instead of the infinitives in brackets.

A.1. The news that he (to leave) the town was a surprise to all of us.

2.Edward is a dear, I always (to be) very fond of him. 3. By the time you

come, we (to do) the greater part of the work. 4. He asked himself if he (to see) her before. 5. By the end of last school year we (to learn) a lot of new words. 6. When he (to count) the money, he put it away. 7. I don‘t know anything about it. I (not to see) him lately. He (to be) mostly in London all these days. 8. When by half past two he (not to appear), Dora was worried. 9. When I (to be) in your country for five years, I shall write a book about it. 10. I‘ll stay until you (to do) your translation. 11. Those who (to write) the test, may leave the classroom.

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B. 1. By six o‘clock tomorrow I (to finish) my translation. 2. The police told not to let go out anybody who (to enter) already. 3. Next year is Ted and Amy‘s 25th wedding anniversary. They (to be) married for 25 years. 4. I (to be) to many parts of South America. First I (to go) there 10 years ago before I graduated from the University. 5. Of course we are late as usual. The film just (to begin). 6. We‘re late. I expect the film already

(to start) by the time we get to the cinema. 7. She (to be) the BBC German correspondent since 1992. By the beginning of the next year she (to work) for the BBC for 10 years. 8. When you finish this book, you (to learn) over a thousand words. 9. Now I‘ve got a BMW. I (to have) it for two years. I (to buy) it before I got married. 10. We got married 9 years ago. Now we (to be) married for nine years. 11. By the end of the month the committee (to come) to some conclusion. They (not to come) to any conclusion yet. 12. We‘ll start at five if it (to stop) raining by that time. 13. When you (to read) these books, put them away. 14. John expected to get a decent rise because he (to be) with the company for many years. 15. I already (to phone) Justin at the office, but I can‘t get hold of him. And we wo n‘t see him tonight, either. By the time we get home, he (to go) out.

Ex. 186. Translate into English using the correct forms of the verbs.

1. У кінці цього року буде 5 років, як ми знаємо один одного. 2. Вчора я зустрів дівчину, яка була закохана в мене, коли ми разом навчались в університеті. – Ти вже розповідав мені про це. 3. Ти був колись у Франції? – Так, я поїхав туди перед тим, як почав працювати в нашій компанії. 4. До 1 липня буде два тижні, як вони на морі. 5. Я вже два рази відвідав виставку картин Ренуара. Це чудово. Я ще ніколи не бачив більшості з цих картин. 6. Я теж збираюсь піти подивитись ті картини. – До того часу, як ти вирішиш піти туди, виставка вже закінчиться. 7. Я загубив свої окуляри. Чи ти їх не бачила? – Я впевнена, що ти знайдеш їх до того часу, як почнеться футбольний матч по телевізору. 8. Чи ви вже повечеряли? – Ні, але ми закінчимо вечерю, коли ти прийдеш по мене. 9. Він - вчитель з двадцяти одного року. Наступного місяця буде 6 років, як він працює у школі. Він почав тут працювати ще до того, як ми познайомились. 10. Ти вже згадала його телефон? – Ні, він сказав мені свій телефон перед тим, як пішов з вечірки, але я його забула.

7.2.4. The Perfect Continuous form of the verb in the Active Voice

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Ex. 190. Use the Present Perfect tense or the Present Perfect Continuous tense instead of the infinitives in bracket:

A. 1. You (to pass) your exam in English literature? 2. I (to try) to learn English for ten years, but I (not to make) good progress yet. 3. That book (to lie) on the table for weeks. You (not to read) it yet? 4. I (to wait) here for her since 7 o‘clock and she (not to come) yet. 5. I (to think) about you all day. 6. I can‘t help being angry with you: you (to sit) here all the time and (to do) nothing. 7. There‘s nothing to be proud of, you (not to get) a single excellent mark as yet. 8. I (to work) so hard this week that I (not to have) time to go to the cinema. 9. I (to know) her all my life and we always (to be) good friends. 10. I just (to talk) to him, he agrees to help us.

B. 1. That man (to stand) outside for hours. 2. The castle (to stand) on that hill for 900 years. 3. Ann (to garden) all afternoon. She (to plant) a lot of rose bushes. 4. James (to go) out every night this week. 5. He (to see) a lot of Alexandra recently. 6. How long you (to wait)? 7. I (to wait) long enough I‘m going. 8. Her family (to farm) this land since the tenth century. 9. She only (to farm) for two years, but she‘s doing very well. 10.

I (to learn) German for six years. 11. I (to learn) most of the irregular verbs. 12. My mother (to do) all her Christmas shopping. 13. I (to do) Christmas shopping all day. 14. I (to clean) the car. Doesn‘t it look nice?

15. You look tired. - I (to wash) clothes all day. 16. There‘s a strange smell in here. You (to cook) something? 17. Why is your shirt wet? – I (to clean) the windows. – You (to finish)? – No, I (to clean) five of them and there are two more to do. 18. Sorry, I‘m late. – That‘s all right. I (not to wait) long.

Ex. 191. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct forms. Dear Eileen

Hope things are OK with you. The doctor (to come) yesterday. He (not to like) my cough. I (to lie) in bed looking at the ceiling since

Tuesday and I can tell you I‘m fed up with it. I never (to be) ill like this before – don‘t know what‘s happening to me. And the weather‘s terrible. It (to rain) all day, and I can‘t even have a cup of tea to cheer myself up because the milkman (not to come) this morning. Don‘t know why – I‘ m sure I (to pay) his bill.

Alice (to get) married last week, so now all Mary‘s kids (to leave) home. She won‘t know what to do with herself, will she?

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Lucy Watson (to move) to Doncaster. Since Fred (to die) she (to be) all alone. It (to be) a heart attack, apparently. I‘m sorry she (to go) – we (to be) neighbours for over thirty years and she always ( to be) friendly and ready to help out.

Amy (to leave). My cleaning lady, you remember? I‘m glad. She (not to be) much use and I (not to trust) her since she (to break) all those plates and (to say) it (to be) the cat.

There (not to be) much change in the village. Some new people (to take) over the shop. They seem quite nice. Hope they‘re more efficient than old Joe.

No more news. Write when you‘ve got the time.

Love Emma.

Ex. 192. Translate the sentences into English.

А 1. Ганна дуже втомлена. Вона багато працювала. 2. Джордж тільки-но повернувся з пляжу. Він дуже червоний. Він лежав на сонці. 3. Очі маленького хлопчика червоні та мокрі. Він плакав. 4. Кевін вчить вірш вже півгодини. 5. Я вивчаю іспанську мову з грудня. 6. Вона шукає роботу вже півроку. 7. Джек не палить вже п‘ять років. 8. Вона працює в цій фірмі з 18 січня. 9. Як довго ви живете на Хай стріт? 10. Дощ іде вже дві доби. Як довго це ще буде тривати?

В 1. Лінда подорожує по Європі три місяці. Вона побувала вже в шести країнах. 2. Джиммі грає у теніс з 11 років. Він вигравав у національному чемпіонаті чотири рази. Вперше він виграв, коли йому було 16 років. 3. Білл та Енді знімають фільми з тих пір, як закінчили коледж. Вони зняли разом десять фільмів. Коледж вони закінчили 6 років тому. 4. Як довго ви вже на мене чекаєте? – Біля півгодини. – Прошу мені вибачити, я займався невідкладними справами. 5. Ганна цілий день писала листи. Вона написала 8 листів. Вона почала писати листи, коли ще був ранок. 6. Руки Тома дуже брудні. Він ремонтував машину. Зараз він вже відремонтував її. 7. Мій брат зараз вивчає в університеті французьку мову. Він почав її вивчати в лютому. Зараз він вчиться вже три місяці. 8. Коли Боб та Еліз побралися? У квітні минулого року. Вони живуть щасливо вже майже рік. 9. Чи ви часто їздите у відпустку? – Ні, вже минуло 5 років, як я був у відпустці востаннє. – Як, ти 5 років працюєш без відпочинку? – Так, це почалося, коли я перейшов у цю фірму. 10. Том хворіє. Він захворів ще перед святом. Він вже два тижні не відвідує занять. – Так, я кілька

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разів дзвонив йому, але не зайшов до нього, тому що в мене зараз багато роботи: я складаю іспити.

Ex. 193. Use the Present Indefinite, the Present Continuous, the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous tenses instead of the infinitives in brackets.

1. Will you, please, lend me your pen for a moment? I (to leave) mine at home and now (to have) nothing to write with.- I (to be) sorry but I (to be going) to write myself. Ann (not to write), she can give you her pen. 2. Where Ann (to be)? – She (to be) in the kitchen. – What she (to do) there? – She (to wash) up. – I already (to help) my mother with the housework and (to come) to ask Ann to go to the cinema with me. 3. They (to build) that bridge for several months but they (not to finish) it yet. 4. Edward is coming. – How nice! I (not to see) Edward for years. 5. Don‘t forget we (to have) a party tomorrow. Be sure to bring Bob with you if he (to come) back from Liverpool. 6. (To be) anything the matter with you? You (to be) so pale. – Nothing the matter. I just (to finish) my work and (to be) a little tired. 7. Who (to play) the piano? Mary still (to have) her music lesson? – No, the lesson (to be) over and the teacher already (to go). Mother (to play) for little Kitty. 8. He (to lose) his dictionary. He (to look) for it all day but (not to find) it yet. 9. I can‘t wait any longer. I (to wait) since five o‘clock. 10. She (to send) me a letter that she (to come) in a few days. 11. You (to understand) what they (to talk) about? 12. What you (to look) for? – I (to look) for my dictionary. – I just (to see) it somewhere. I (to think) it (to lie) on the bookshelf. 13. He (to write) a new play for the last two years but he (not to finish) it yet.14. My friend Robert (to study) French for the last three years and now he (to learn) German.

Ex. 194. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Perfect Continuous tense and explain the usage of this form.

A. 1. I was cold because I (to stand) in the snow for an hour. 2. The dog (to swim) in the river so he was all wet. 3. I remember you were absolutely exhausted when you arrived. What you (to do)? 4. When we got home, the police (to wait) for us for half an hour. 5. We (to travel) for two hours before we realized that we were on the wrong train. 6. He said he (to work) hard all day. 7. The children (to play) outside for an hour when it began to rain. 8. When I first met him, he (to play) football for five years. 9. He said he (to subscribe) to this magazine for a long time. 10. When I

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