MAKE_THE_GRADE_kafedra

FI was glad to be kept fully occupied.

GI liked the great variety of people I met.

HI would have liked more time to practice.

Ex. 2. Match the following words with appropriate definitions.

Ex. 3. Fill in the blanks (1 – 21) with the correct particle or preposition where necessary.

1. Written translation affords a rare opportunity to make money without leaving home and (1) …your own pace. 2. ‗People skills‘ are an essential part of this job – getting (2) … … people and being able to communicate.

3. A translator has to be ready to sacrifice his own interests (3) … the benefit of the work. 4. You have to like the job or it will not come (4) … .

5. An interpreter must be able to speak (5) … public (6) … any trace of stage fright or even shyness. 6. The interpreter has to get (7) … the right meaning rather than the exact wording. 7. I‘ll tell John that he can have every confidence (8) … you. 8. And even if this place was (9) … the back of nowhere, it was still a place (10) … their own. 9. The reason (11) … Jack‘s dismissal was his poor attendance record. 10. (12) … the very last moment Tom backed (13) … and refused to go with us. 11. Now we can tell (14) … confidence that the results are not put (15) … … chance. 12.

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(16) … this stage, he still hovers (17) … his desk browsing (18) … the newspaper, leafing (19) … the entertainment section. 13. Interpreters are called (20) … to sit (21) … quick succession in meetings dealing with fantastic variety of subjects.

Ex. 4. For questions 1-10, read the following text and then choose, from the list

(A – K), the best phrase given below. Each correct phrase may be used once. Some of the suggested answers do not fit at all.

THE PROFESSIONAL WHO…

Surely nobody (1) …………. gives up a well-paid and prestigious job (2)

……… unless, by necessity, they are forced to? Ambition has always been considered a desirable quality; salary and professional status are advantages to be courted. And yet, (3) ……… of executive stress, burnout and compulsory redundancy, the idea of throwing (4) ……….. holds a strange appeal.

We interviewed someone who has quit the race rat. Gillian, 37, was a solicitor in a city law firm until earlier this year. She worked long hours and weekends and had come to the conclusion that her highly paid, high status job was just a ‗living death‘. She found the isolation of the job difficult and wished she could have contact with people, rather than dealing with her clients only (5) ……….. When she left, her clients were surprised. When she told them she was going to work (6) ………… , they were, she laughs, ‗flabbergasted‘.

She now works a 39-hour week, (7) ………… . Gillian doesn‘t regret resigning from the law firm or having less money. ‗If only I‘d done it sooner,‘ she says. ‗I absolutely love the new job! There is a part of me that I ‗m not using; your brain feels what I call ‗stretched‘ when you are drafting legal documents. But I don‘t miss that (8) ……… . I‘m too busy to feel bored.‘ Any lack of intellectual stimulation has yet to prove frustrating, and, (9), … …….. , she now reads all those books that she wishes she had had time to read before. Not that Gillian has closed the

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door entirely to resuming her law career. (10) ……….. does not render professionals unemployable and some do manage to make a comeback.

Aby phone and fax

Bin the real world

Cat all

Dfor the sake of the company

Ein favour of a menial one

Fa period out of the fast lane

Gin the evenings

Hin these alarming days

Iin the towel

Jat a very modest hourly rate of pay

Kbehind the counter of a supermarket

Ex. 5. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in parentheses.

After a few days, classes (begin) (1) …… and we (have) (2)…….. another meeting place: the classroom. (Know, not) (3) ……. quite what (expect)

(4)…….. the first day of class, I was a bit nervous, but also (excite)

(5)…….. . After (find) (6) ……. the right building and right room, I walked in and (choose) (7)…….. an empty seat. I (introduce) (8)…….. myself to the person (sit) (9) …….next to me, and we sat (talk) (10)……. to each other for a few minutes. Since we (be) (11)……. from different countries, we (speak) (12)……… in English. At first, I was afraid that the other student (understand, not) (13)……….. what I (say) (14)…….. , I (surprise, pleasantly) (15)………when she (respond) (16)……… to my question easily. Together we (take) (17)……. the first steps toward (build) (18)…….. a friendship.

As the semester (progress) (19)…….. , I (find) (20)…….. out more and more about my fellow students. Students from some countries were reticent and shy in class. They almost never (ask) (21)…….. questions and

(speak) (22)……. very softly. Others of different nationalities (be) (23)……… just the opposite: they spoke in booming voices and never (ask) (24)…… questions and sometimes they (interrupt, even) (25)…….. the teacher. I (be, never) (26)……. in a classroom with such a mixture of cultures before. The time spent (share) (27)…….. our ideas with each

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other and (learn) (28)……… about each other‘s customs and beliefs (be)

(29)……. valuable and fun. As we progressed in our English, we slowly learned about each other, too.

Now, several months after my arrival in the United States, I (be) (30)………. able to understand not only some English but also something about different cultures. If I (come, not) (31)……… here, I (be, not) (32)…….. able to attain these insights into other cultures. I wish everyone in the world (have) (33)………the same experience. Perhaps if all the people in the world (know) (34)……. more about cultures different from their own and (have) (35)……… the opportunity (make) (36)…….. friends with people from different countries, peace (be) (37) ……secure and wars (be) (38) ……. over.

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to him, and he had to take antidepressant pills. The television company has agreed to pay him $16.000 compensation.

B Craig Phillips was the winner of one of the first Reality TV programmes to be shown in England, called Big Brother. Craig was originally a builder, and comes from Liverpool. After the series ended he admitted: ‗I do not know why I won – you‘ll have to ask all those people that voted for me.‘ Crag donated his $70.000 prize money to teenage friend Jo Harris, to help pay for a heart and lung operation in America. ‗She is a unique young lady and it is wonderful to be in the position to help her,‘ he said at the time. Crag later had a five-album deal with a record company but he was dropped after his first single. However, he has continued to raise money for charities as well as appearing regularly on daytime television show.

C Denise Leigh won joint first prize in a TV contest called Operatunity, in which ordinary people had the chance to be transformed into opera singers. But there is nothing ordinary about Denise. She is a blind woman of amazing determination who had succeeded against all the odds. She had always dreamed of a musical career, but this was prevented by the births of her children. Being a blind mother of three is a challenge.

‗It‘s the hardest job in the world,‘ she says. ‗Keeping them safe is definitely more worrying than anything that can happen to do on stage.‘ Now the children are all at school, she is free to pursue her dream, and after Operatunity she is better placed than she could ever had hoped for. ‗Now I have sung on stage at the London Coliseum I am a different person,‘ she said the morning after her triumph. ‗Winning the contest has changed my life.‘

D Will Young shot to success when he won the TV competition Pop Idol of over a thousand contenders, and was offered a contract with a major record company. He is modest about his success. ‗I don‘t think it‘s me myself they are voting for, it‘s the TV contestant, and in that context I feel very flattered by it all,‘ he said. His first single, Evergreen, became the fastest-selling single of all time. It sold over a million copies in its first week. Will thinks that being a pop idol isn‘t only a matter of having a good voice – there are generally other factors involved. ‗Performers over the ages have always given off a kind of energy. I think it‘s about a whole

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image – the look, the clothes, the music – which puts a distance between you and other people.‘

Ex. 2. You are going to read an article written by a novelist. For questions 1 – 7 choose the answer (A,B,C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.

I have noticed that after I published a book people inevitably ask: ‗Is there going to be a film?‘ They ask this question in tones of great excitement, with a slight widening of the eyes. I am left with the suspicion that most people think that a film is far more wondrous than a novel; that a novel is, perhaps, just a hopeful step in the celluloid direction, and that if there is no film, then the author has partially failed. It is as if ‗the film‘ confers a mysterious super-legitimacy upon the writer‘s work.

Objectively speaking, a film‘s relationship to a novel is as a charcoal sketch to an oil painting, and no writer I know would actually agree that ‗the film‘ is the ultimate aspiration. Certainly, any literary novelist who deliberately tried to write something tailor-made to filmmakers would fail to produce a good book, because the fact is that books are only filmic by accident.

It is, in any case, a long journey from page to screen, because the first stage involves ‗selling the option‘, where by, in return for the modest sum, and for a limited time, the producer retains the right to be the first to have a bash at making the film, should he get round to it. It is theoretically possible to go to decades having the option renewed, with no film being made at any time at all. This is money for jam, of course, but the sums are not big enough to be truly conducive to contentment. My first novel had the option renewed several times, and then finally it was dropped. This is, alas, a common fate, and many a novelist remembers those little bursts of hope with a wry smile.

In the case of my second novel, however, the book eventually made it over the real hurdle, which is the ‗exercising of the option‘. This is the point where a more substantial fistful of cash changes hands, but regrettably even this is not enough to meet the expectations of loved ones and acquaintances, who strangely assume that you are imminently to the stinking rich for ever. More importantly, here begins the battle that takes

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place in author‘s psyche thereafter. The hard fact is, that it is no longer your own book. Although, unusually, I was asked if I would like to do the script myself, no doubt both producer and director were mightily relieved when I declined.

Novelists, you see, rarely make good scriptwriters, and in any case I couldn‘t have taken the job on without being a hypocrite – I had ever told off my best friend for wasting her literary energy by turning her novels into scripts when she should have been writing more novels. She has had the experience of doing numerous drafts, and then finding that her scripts still have not used. I wasn‘t going to put up with that, because I have the natural arrogance of most literary writers, which she unaccountably lacks.

As far as I am concerned, once I have written something, then that is the way it must be; it is perfect and no one is going to make me change it. Scriptwriters have to be humble creatures who will change things, and even knowingly make them worse, a thousand times and thousand times again, promptly, and upon demand. I would rather be boiled in oil.

It is no longer your own book. The director has the right to make any changes that he fancies, and so your carefully crafted novel about family life in London can end up being set in Los Angeles, involving a car chase, a roof-top shoot-out and abduction by aliens. This, from the writer‘s point of view, is the real horror of film.

When my book was eventually filmed, I did get the visit to the set, however. I cannot count the number of people I met there who a propos possible changes to the story, repeated to me in a serious tone that, ‗Of course, film is a completely different medium‘. This mantra is solemnly repeated so that film-makers are self-absolved from any irritation that may be set up by altering the characters or the story. I think that it is the cliché that is really either untrue or too vague to be meaningful. There could not be anything simpler than extracting salient points of the main narrative, and making a faithful film, which is what our readers and writers would actually prefer.

My theory is that film-makers are hell-bent on a bit of territorial marketing, and each time one can only hope that they have sufficient

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genius to do it with flair. There are a few films that really are better tha n the book.

1. What do people do when the writer publishes a new book?

AThey make wrong assumptions about his aims.

BThey draw wrong conclusions from his comments.

CThey make unfair criticisms of his writing.

DThey gain a false impression of his attitude.

2.The writer compares writing with the visual arts to support the view

that

A related art forms benefit from indirect comparisons.

Bideas are easily translated from one medium to another.

Can artist has no idea how an idea may develop.

Deach art form should be judged on its own merits.

3.Which phrase best reveals how the writer regards the attitude of film producers in the ‗option‘ system?

A‗have a bash‘ (line 23)

B‗go round to it‘ (lines 23 – 24)

C‗money for jam‘ (line 26)

D‗a common fate‘ (line 30)

4.What problem does the author of a literary work usually face once the film option has been ‗exercised‘?

Afinancial disappointment

Bpressure to produce a script

Closs of authorial control

Dlack of support from film-makers

5.According to the writer, a good scriptwriter needs, above all, to

Aadopt a flexible approach towards the work.

Bignore the arrogance of literary writers.

Cresists the unreasonable demands for changes.

Dbe sensitive to the literary merits of the original work.

6.Which word best describes the attitude of the people on the film set

towards the author?

Aintolerant

Bdefensive

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Cindifferent

Daggressive

7.In the final analysis, the writer accepts that the film version of his literary work may be

Aa lucrative sideline to his writing.

Ban opportunity to learn new skills

Ca chance to improve on the original.

Da way of attracting new readers.

2.2. USE OF ENGLISH

Ex. 1. Match the following words with appropriate definitions.

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