water quality and system
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title: |
Water Quality & Systems : A Guide for Facility Managers Facilities Management |
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Library |
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author: |
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Reid, Robert N. |
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publisher: |
The Fairmont Press |
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isbn10 | asin: |
1577303008 |
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print isbn13: |
9781577303008 |
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ebook isbn13: |
9780585213637 |
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language: |
English |
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subject |
Plumbing, Water quality management. |
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publication date: |
1996 |
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lcc: |
TH6126.R32 1996eb |
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ddc: |
696/.1 |
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subject: |
Plumbing, Water quality management. |
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Water Quality & Systems
A Guide for Facility Managers
By Robert N. Reid, PE
Published by
One Penn Plaza, 10th Floor
New York, NY 10119
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Page iv
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Reid, Robert N., 1949-
Water quality and systems: a guide for facility managers/by Robert N. Reid.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-57730-300-8
1. Etc.
Water Quality And Systems: AGuide for Facility Managers/by Robert N. Reid.
© 1996 by UpWord Publishing, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Published by UpWord Publishing, Inc.
One Penn Plaza, 10th Floor
New York, NY 10119
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
The information contained in this book has been obtained from sources that are believed reliable. Damages arising from errors, omissions or damages as a result of use or misuse of the data or information in this book are not the responsibility of the publisher, authors, editors or printers of this work. This work is published for professionals seeking information about the subjects contained herein. It is not the intent of this work to provide professional services such as engineering or consulting. If these services are sought, they should be rendered by properly trained, registered, regulated and insured professionals.
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This book is dedicated to Katherine Jane Schow Reid, my partner for 25 years. It is also dedicated to Mr. P. Kirt Carpenter, Jr., Project Manager of the Central Utah Project and a member of the old school.
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The Author
Robert N. Reid is a registered professional engineer and a professional writer who specializes in writing technical materials for non-technical people.
As a professional writer, Mr. Reid's magazine articles have been published in a variety of professional and non-professional publications, including water management articles in trade and industry publications.
As a water professional with 20 years of experience, Reid has served as a facility manager and engineer for hospitals, military bases and large municipal water projects. He has managed, designed, specified, constructed and tested water and wastewater systems. By his own admission, he has been "under the gun" more than once.
Reid is a member of the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials and the American Water Works Association. He has prepared and presented technical papers for the National Fire Protection Association, the Pacific Rim Conference of Building Officials, and the American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Contents |
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Preface |
xix |
Introduction |
xxi |
Chapter 1 - Water Use And Abuse |
1 |
Planned Water Management |
1 |
Water In, Water Out |
2 |
Water Supplies |
2 |
Water Costs |
2 |
Quantitiy |
3 |
Individual Uses |
3 |
Light Industrial And Manufacturing Uses |
3 |
Lawns And Agricultural Use |
4 |
Industrial Uses |
4 |
Delivery |
4 |
Pollution/Washing/Waste |
5 |
Utility Billings |
5 |
Metering |
7 |
Water Treatment |
8 |
Wastewater Treatment |
8 |
Common Complaints |
8 |
Laboratory Tests |
9 |
Chapter 2 - Water Sources And Management |
13 |
Water Resources |
13 |
The Hydrologic Cycle |
13 |
Supplies |
14 |
Natural Lakes And River Supplies |
14 |
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Man-Made Reservoirs |
15 |
Springs |
15 |
Wells |
16 |
Wastewater |
18 |
Stormwater |
18 |
Rainfall |
19 |
Stormwater Ponds |
20 |
Utility Interface |
22 |
The Next Step |
22 |
Chapter 3 - Piping Components And Systems |
25 |
Pipe Talk |
25 |
Piping |
26 |
Pipe Fittings |
26 |
The Facility Manager's 10 Questions |
27 |
Piping Materials |
30 |
Ductile Iron Pipe |
31 |
Steel Pipe |
31 |
Case Study: Polybutylene Piping System Loses Lawsuit |
31 |
Copper Pipe |
32 |
ABS Pipe |
33 |
PVC Pipe |
33 |
Other Plastic Pipes |
33 |
Fiberglass Pipe |
34 |
Concrete Pipe |
34 |
Clay Pipe |
34 |
Pipe in Older Facilities and Buildings |
35 |
Remodeling/New Pipe |
35 |
Water Supply Piping |
35 |
Wastewater Piping |
35 |
Stormwater Pipe |
36 |
Sanitary Sewer Pipe |
37 |
Buried Pipe |
38 |
Double-Walled Pipe |
38 |
Corrosion |
38 |
Coatings |
39 |
Pipe Joints |
40 |
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Screwed Joints |
40 |
Sweated Or Brazed Joints |
40 |
Glued Joints (plastic Pipe) |
41 |
Bell And Spigot Joints |
41 |
Mechanical Joints |
42 |
Compression Joints |
42 |
Flanged Joints |
42 |
Welded Joints |
42 |
Pumps |
43 |
Pipe and Pump Cost Tradeoffs |
43 |
Pump Operational Problems |
45 |
Pump Seal Problems |
45 |
Pump Plugging Problems |
46 |
Pump Suctions and Priming |
46 |
Tanks |
47 |
Valves |
49 |
Gate Valve |
50 |
Globe Valve |
50 |
Ball Valves |
51 |
Fixtures |
51 |
Sinks And Bathtubs |
52 |
Water Closets (Toilets) |
53 |
Urinals |
53 |
Bidets |
54 |
Showers |
54 |
Combining Systems |
56 |
Chapter 4 - Instrumentation, Hydraulics, Plumbing |
57 |
Instrumentation |
57 |
Flow Meters |
57 |
Pressure Recorders |
63 |
Thermometers |
65 |
Red-Line/Warning |
66 |
Calibration |
66 |
Hydraulics |
67 |
Water Hammer |
68 |
More Complex Hydraulics |
69 |
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Case Study: Water Cost Savings Can Pay |
69 |
Wastewater Hydraulics |
71 |
Smooth Means More Water |
71 |
How to Quickly Estimate Pipe Flow Capacities |
73 |
Plumbing |
75 |
Traps And Vents |
75 |
Air Gap |
76 |
Cleanouts |
76 |
Backflow Preventers And Crossed Connection Control |
76 |
Chapter 5 - UpGrades And Renovations |
81 |
Renovation Strategies |
81 |
Conduct A Needs Assessment |
82 |
Conduct A Utility Survey |
83 |
Constructing A Model Of Water Use |
83 |
Adjusting The Model To Meet The Flows |
86 |
Analyze The Model |
88 |
Compare Alternatives And Decide |
88 |
The U.S. EPA's WAVE Saver Program |
89 |
Chapter 6 - Hot Water Systems |
91 |
Introduction |
91 |
Options Available to the Facility |
92 |
System Sizing and Design |
98 |
Storage |
98 |
Recirculation |
98 |
Instantaneous "Tankless" Heaters |
99 |
Heat |
100 |
Piping |
101 |
Insulation |
103 |
Safety |
103 |
Water Heating Safety Standards |
104 |
Temperature Control |
104 |
Valves |
104 |
Instruments |
104 |
Maintenance |
105 |
Case Study: Water Too Hot at VA Hospital |
107 |
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Chapter 7 - Regulations |
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109 |
Law and Regulations of Water Systems |
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109 |
Federal Water Laws |
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110 |
The Clean Water Act |
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111 |
The National Pollution Discharge Elimination System |
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111 |
The Safe Drinking Water Act |
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112 |
National Primary Standards |
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114 |
Secondary Drinking Water Standards |
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114 |
Information Collection Rule |
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115 |
Monitoring |
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116 |
Public Notification |
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116 |
Hazardous Waste Laws |
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117 |
Resource Conservation And Recovery Act |
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117 |
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation And Liability Act |
117 |
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Superfund Amendments And Reauthorization Act |
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118 |
Hazardous Waste Management |
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118 |
Local Implementation of Federal Standards |
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118 |
The State |
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118 |
The County |
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120 |
The Municipality |
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120 |
The U.S. EPA |
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120 |
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers |
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120 |
Codes and Standards |
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121 |
National Fire Protection Association |
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121 |
Uniform Building Code |
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121 |
Uniform Plumbing Code |
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122 |
Regulated Construction Materials |
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122 |
Other Code-Making Bodies |
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123 |
Water Rights |
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123 |
Adjudicated Rights |
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123 |
Riparian Rights |
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124 |
Consumptive And Non-Consumptive Use |
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124 |
Chapter 8 - Water Purity |
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127 |
The Roots of Water Purity |
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127 |
Water Impurities |
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129 |
Action Level of Contaminants |
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130 |
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