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Vocabulary

the Earth - Земля (планета)

the Earthmen - земляне (жители Земли)

intelligent beings - разумные (мыслящие) существа

may well be - вполне может быть

point of view - точка зрения

all - весь, вся, всё, все

change - изменение

earth - земля, земной шар

generation - поколение

level - уровень

message - послание, сообщение

per cent - процент

scientist - ученый

surface - поверхность

state - государство

cover - покрывать, закрывать

to save - спасать

to sound - звучать

to send (sent, sent) - посылать, отправлять

to solve - решать, разрешать (проблему, вопрос)

exact - точный

great - большой, значительный, великий

sad - печальный

exactly - точно

inside - внутрь, внутри

really – действительно

Задания к тексту:

1. Прочтите текст. Назовите проблемы, о которых говорится в тексте.

2. Просмотрите текст и найдите в нем интернациональные слова. Переведите английские эквиваленты следующих русских слово­сочетаний:

земная поверхность покрыта; глубокие воды; соленая вода; пресноводные реки и озера; составляют 30%; в космическом масштабе; в результате технологического прогресса; большие потребности; защищать природу от; на всех уровнях; вполне может стать.

3. Найдите в тексте и прочтите абзацы:

о континентах Земли;

о водных ресурсах Земли;

о проблемах экологического характера;

о человеке – разумном существе планеты;

о проблемах, связанных с угрозой войны.

4. Закончите следующие фразы:

1. The four salt water oceans are... . 2. The six continents of the Earth are... . 3. The big fresh water lakes of the Earth are... . 4. The big rivers of Russia are.... 5. On the map of the world we can see... . 6. The mankind of the Earth faces the problems of... . 7. The scientists and leaders of the state are discussing... .

5. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What is the text about? 2. What do you know about the Earth? 3. What can you say about the waters covering the surface of the Earth? 4. What are the names of the continents / oceans? 5. What per cent of the Earth’s surface is covered with water / land? 6. What problems are we facing now? 7. Why are these problems so serious? 8. What must people do to solve them?

HISTORY OF UNIVERSITY AND COLLEGE

Universities originated in Europe during the eleventh century, but they were not the first in the world. Perhaps, the University of Al-Azhar founded in Cairo in 970 is one of the oldest still operating universities in the world.

European universities developed from monastery schools and their development took place so slowly that it is difficult to know the point at which they became universities. Many scholars believe that the oldest European university is the University of Bologna, Italy. It was founded in the late tenth century, but it had existed as a law school since 890. The University of Paris developed during the eleventh century. Many other universities appeared in Europe during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.

These first schools were founded largely to serve the professions. They provided the first unified teaching of law, medicine, and theology. The lessons were conducted in the Latin language, which the students were to speak even among themselves.

The oldest universities in Britain Oxford and Cambridge were founded in the Middle Ages. They have much in common and are, therefore, often spoken together, and are sometimes called collectively for convenience as Oxbridge. The word “college” originated later. There were no colleges in those early days and students’ life was very different from what it is now. Students were of all ages and came from everywhere. When the students began to settle in Oxford in the 12th century they lived as they could, lodging in inns and with townsfolk, or grouping themselves together and renting a house for their use. The first college (Merton College) was founded in 1249 and it was associated only with the residence for students to lodge. Life in college was strict.

Students were not allowed to play games, to sing or dance, to hunt or even to fish. Later, however, colleges developed into complete educational institutions.